What kind of tiger is smog? Dalian junior high school explained the reading answers.
Haze particles refer to haze particles in the natural state of the atmosphere, which are dust produced by natural causes, such as natural weathering of the earth's crust and volcanic eruption, but do not include pollution particles produced by human activities, such as the use of fossil fuels (coal burning in factories and automobile exhaust).
Haze is a tiger that really eats people.
The real tiger bares its teeth and hurts human beings. Isn't smog the same?
On the morning of July 8, more than 70 years ago, 1943, when the residents of Los Angeles woke up from their sleep, the scene in front of them made them mistakenly think that this was another Japanese chemical weapon attack on the United States after the Pearl Harbor incident: the air was filled with light blue fog, and people walking on the road smelled a pungent smell. The most typical smog incident in history was the "Fog City Disaster" in 1952, which caused nearly 10,000 deaths in Britain.
In China, although there has never been such a serious smog incident, as far as traffic is concerned, the influence of the "ten-faced smog" situation in recent years has really made people feel that smog is very terrible. Smog is not as direct and violent as gale, rainstorm, blizzard and thunder, but it can silently "occupy" traffic lines, directing disturbing pranks, paralyzing traffic: high-speed closure, flight delay, shipping suspension, and sometimes people suddenly "attack" inadvertently, creating earth-shattering disasters (such as car collisions and plane crashes), and its tragic degree. Although no one regards it as a "scourge", considering the gentleness of smog, it is not too much to call it a "gentle killer" or a "hidden killer" of traffic, and it is reasonable for the meteorological department to classify it as a meteorological disaster.
In recent years, PM2.5, a foreign word that was originally unfamiliar to Chinese people, looks like a tiger suddenly flapping its chest, which makes people suffocate at first glance. Therefore, it is not too much to describe the smog attack with "talking about the tiger's color change". On June 20 13, Academician Zhong Nanshan said that he had made a statistic, and the incidence of rhinitis or pharyngitis of traffic police was 1/3 or even more than half of that of ordinary people.
The above amazing cases and listed figures can't help but remind people that smog is really a real tiger that can't be underestimated.
Haze is also a paper tiger that can only be "knocked down"
Looking back at history, we find that human beings have not retreated in front of the "tiger" of smog. As mentioned earlier, "fog is a disaster". After decades of efforts by the British, the environment in London has changed. After the 1980s, the water in the Thames became clear, and London was no longer a smoke-free and clean city. It has been 27 years since the first smog in Los Angeles in 1943 and the promulgation of the Clean Air Act in 1970. After more than ten years' efforts, the air in Los Angeles began to improve slowly. Blue sky and white clouds reappear over Los Angeles, and most people in the city can clearly see Buddy Mountain 70 kilometers away. These facts prove that Chairman Mao's wise assertion that reactionaries are paper tigers also applies to smog.
In October14, 165438 10, the occurrence of fine weather during the APEC meeting in Beijing, China is also the best evidence. There were four foggy days in Beijing in June 5438+1October that year, but during the APEC meeting in early1October, the blue sky in Beijing bloomed and the air was fresh. The reason is that this is the result of "God helps and people work hard". As far as "people's efforts" are concerned, the governments, enterprises and citizens of Beijing and several neighboring provinces and cities, Qi Xin, have made concerted efforts and played an exemplary role in pollution control with an iron fist. from
2014165438+1October 3rd
Since June, all construction sites in Beijing have stopped construction, with motor vehicles running at odd and even numbers, buses stopping 70%, and a number of key enterprises that emit air pollutants have stopped production or limited production. The good weather during the APEC meeting in Beijing also benefited from the "selflessness" of neighboring provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Shandong. Taking Hebei as an example, more than 2,000 enterprises have implemented measures to stop production, and more than 2,000 construction sites have stopped construction. This is because, according to lasg researcher Wang Yuesi's research, about two-thirds of the pollutants that affect Beijing's air quality are produced in Beijing, and about 1/3 are transported to various places. As far as God Help is concerned, this period is also beautiful. During the pre-APEC meeting 10 month, downdraft generally existed in the central and eastern regions of China. The average precipitation was 22% less than normal, the average wind speed was 5.3% less than normal, and the average relative humidity was 7 1%. The lack of rain and static meteorological conditions are not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants, which directly led to four haze events during 10. Before and after APEC meeting, North China was controlled by the northwest airflow behind the trough, and there was obvious northerly wind (for Beijing, northerly wind can be regarded as a natural air purifier). The average relative humidity in Beijing is 48. 1%, which is lower than normal 10. 1%. This meteorological condition is conducive to the diffusion of pollutants and is not conducive to the formation of haze. Although there are only a few days of good weather during the APEC meeting in Beijing, it has strengthened the belief that smog (to be exact, air pollution) can be controlled! At the same time, it is also deeply felt that the efforts to ensure air quality during APEC are unprecedented, and the good weather during the APEC meeting in Beijing is hard-won.
Almost a year later, it was also "treating the symptoms, reducing emissions, and regional coordinated operations", which created good weather during the military parade. On September 3rd, 20 15, the sky in Beijing was very blue.
Whether it is human factors or god's help, it shows that controlling smog (to be exact, air pollution) needs to despise the enemy strategically and pay more attention to the enemy tactically.
Smog is also a useful tiger for human beings.
From the perspective of natural science, the appearance of wild tigers is an objective phenomenon in the process of biological evolution. Like other creatures, it is also useful to human beings. Not to mention that it is kept in an iron cage in the zoo for people to enjoy, and its tiger skin and bones are very precious. Wild tigers are listed as national protected animals and hunting is prohibited. Similarly, all weather in the atmosphere (including smog) is an objective natural phenomenon, which is inseparable from human beings. They are both a curse and a blessing to human beings. I have already said the side of smog disaster, so let's talk about its "blessing" side here.
Fog and clouds are "twins" of water vapor and have the same nature. Judging from its water-based, it has four main functions: First, the beauty effect of dense fog. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Dai Fugu's poem "In the Boat" said: "The cloud is the posture of the mountain, and the water borrows the spirit of the moon." Clouds are nature's makeup artists, and the mountain fog scenery created by them has become an important tourism resource. As the saying goes, mountains are bones, clouds are clothes, and clouds are mostly one of the famous mountains and scenic spots. Such as Lushan cloud, as light as floc, as white as snow, as thick as carpet and as light as silver; Or gorgeous clouds rolling, or ten thousand hibiscus flowers coming, or clouds surging like waterfalls, or rosy clouds like brocade. The cloud and mist of Huangshan Mountain, strange pines, strange rocks and hot springs are also called "four wonders of Huangshan Mountain". The jinding Buddha's light in Emei Mountain is even more wonderful, because the clouds there will make "the halo move with people and the figure is in the ring". It should also be pointed out that, considering the dreamy characteristics of fog similar to artificial ice and snow, people are also thinking about building an eco-tourism landscape through artificial fog. The second is the sweet tea effect of dense fog. The dense fog is not only charming, but also makes the tea tree "infatuated", so Wu Yun Tea was born. Tea tree likes warm and wet, and is resistant to shade. The annual average temperature is required to be 15 ~ 23℃, and neither high nor low temperature is allowed. Relative humidity is 80% ~ 90%, annual rainfall 1500 ~ 2000mm, and rainfall should be evenly distributed. Some mountainous areas in southern China, such as Lushan Mountain, are surrounded by fog all the year round, with high air humidity, moist water vapor, weak direct light on sunny days, rich scattered light and large temperature difference between day and night, which is very suitable for tea tree growth. This kind of tea produced in the mountains and clouds, as its name implies, is called Wuyun tea. The third is the effect of fog to alleviate water shortage. Fog is composed of tiny water droplets and/or ice crystals. In essence, it will play a certain role in properly alleviating the shortage of fresh water resources, and it is a valuable fresh water resource for arid areas. Therefore, some people call fog recessive precipitation, and collecting fog water is to turn recessive precipitation into dominant precipitation. If an object can be used as a medium, the droplets can be collected and used after collision and become water droplets. The fourth is the air purification function of dense fog. Tiny particles such as smoke and dust in the air, as condensation nuclei, combine with water vapor in the air to form water droplets. After the smog, these tiny particles are removed and dissipated, or "hung" on cold branches or other objects (called rime or tree hanging), or settled on the ground, just like the air with impurities is washed after rain and snow, and the air is purified. In addition, the fog is diffuse and hazy, which will make two people who are very close "only smell their voices, but not their people". Through this characteristic of fog, it has been used as a "weapon" since ancient times and has become a magic weapon for military strategists to carry out military operations with the help of fog cover. In Sun Tzu's Art of War, the earliest extant art of war in China, meteorological conditions rank second. There is a saying in the Book of the Beginning, "So, there are five things to learn: one is Tao, the other is heaven, the third is earth, the fourth is general, and the fifth is law ... heaven, yin and yang, cold and heat, and time control". Among them, "day" refers to the season and climate of fighting.
The three missions of smog particles This small "ghost" lives in the atmosphere, carrying bacteria, viruses and eggs, roaming around, spreading diseases, blurring vision, affecting traffic and bringing a lot of trouble to human beings. But can you do it without particles?
As the saying goes, "clear water means no fish." Obviously, if the atmosphere is too clean and there are no particles (called aerosols in meteorology), then I am afraid that all living things will not exist. This is because, first of all, without them (including air molecules), sunlight will not be reflected, scattered and refracted, and the earth will be dark and the sky will have no color. It is precisely because of these effects on sunlight that people can see the blue sky, delay the dawn in the morning and the darkness in the evening, and feel the colorful world, so some people call it the "bright homing pigeon". Secondly, without them, the earth will be very hot during the day and very cold at night, which is unbearable not only for human beings, but also for other creatures on the earth. In addition, many harmful rays or meteorites in the universe will enter the earth's surface without hindrance, posing a fatal threat to mankind. In fact, they can reflect part of the sunlight during the day, making the weather less hot, preventing the ground heat from dissipating into the air at night, making the weather less cold, and absorbing and preventing harmful rays from entering the earth in large quantities, so that celestial bodies such as meteorites can burn in the atmosphere, thus protecting life on earth from excessive cold and heat and harmful rays or meteorites, so some people call them "earth guards". Third, without them, not only can clouds not form, let alone rain. Then, the river will dry up and the land will crack. In this way, everything in nature today will go to the opposite side. Experiments show that even if the air is supersaturated and the relative humidity reaches 300% ~ 400% without condensation nuclei, it is difficult for water vapor to condense, and these particles just play the role of condensation nuclei, so they are called "rain and snow messengers".
It is particularly important to point out that the above-mentioned smog particles useful to human beings refer to the smog particles in the natural state of the atmosphere, which are dust produced by natural causes, such as natural weathering of the earth's crust and volcanic eruption, but do not include pollution particles produced by human activities, such as the use of fossil fuels (coal burning in factories and automobile exhaust). It can be seen that it is precisely because of the excessive pursuit of economic growth by human beings since the industrial revolution and the "growth disease" that has not considered the environmental capacity that the pollution particles in the smog have increased, which has led to and enhanced the "tiger nature" of the smog, just as the ancient monk said: "Heaven commits evil, and it is still against the law; You can't live if you do it yourself. " Therefore, human beings should start from themselves, and should have the firm determination and practical actions of phoenix nirvana and rebirth.
In the face of today's heavily polluted smog, especially the tiger that can enter the lungs, there is no need to have the fear of "talking about the tiger's color change." We should have the firm belief and practical actions of "knowing that there are tigers in the mountains, but we should pay attention to them", and fight a smog war or even a protracted war with the fearless spirit of Song Wu to fight tigers, so as to create a more pleasant living environment.