(34 points) Read the following materials and complete the following questions based on the knowledge you have learned. Material 1: my country’s 30th Antarctic scientific expedition team set off from Shanghai on November 7, 2013

(1) The location is correct (2 points); 715 kilometers (710 to 730 kilometers is correct, 2 points); first to the southeast and then to the northeast (2 points) ; Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station, and Taishan Station have long days and short nights. Kunlun Station has a polar day (3 minutes). The order of day length from longest to short is Kunlun Station > Taishan Station > Zhongshan Station > Great Wall Station (3 minutes).

(2) At sea along the way: The "Snow Dragon" has a long way to go to Antarctica, and it has to pass through the roaring westerly belt and floating ice belt, which causes great difficulties and dangers to maritime navigation. (4 points) Land activities: transportation is difficult, there is deep snow on the ground, and there are unfathomable ice cracks, making it extremely difficult to transport materials; it is extremely cold, and the Antarctic continent is the coldest land in the world, and the team members’ faces, hands, feet and other items are exposed Parts of the skin will suffer from frostbite; the weather is bad, and the Antarctic continent is the windiest and windiest region in the world. There are strong winds and blizzards, resulting in albino weather (the airflow rolls the powdery snow on the surface of the ice sheet into the air), poor visibility, and team members Life and work are extremely inconvenient; strong ultraviolet radiation and thin ozone over the polar regions leak large amounts of ultraviolet radiation, endangering people's health. (8 points) (As long as the answer is reasonable, points may be awarded as appropriate)

(3) There is no polar day and night phenomenon. Except for the pole, day and night are equally divided throughout the year; the alternating time between day and night is less than 24 hours (about 23 hours). hour 52 minutes); except for the pole, the sun rises in the west and sets in the east every day, and the sun at the pole is on the horizon all year round; the height of the sun at noon in the Antarctic region remains unchanged every day, with no seasonal changes throughout the year; polar westerly winds prevail under the control of polar high pressure ( Southwest wind); horizontally moving objects are deflected to the right; looking up at the sky from the South Pole, the celestial bodies seen are moving counterclockwise with the zenith as the center, etc. (12 points are awarded for four correct answers. As long as the answer is reasonable, points can be awarded as appropriate)

Analysis of test questions:

(1) It is easy to mark according to the longitude and latitude Taishan Station. The distance between Taishan Station and Kunlun Station is estimated based on a latitude difference on the longitude line of about 111KM. The longitudes of the two places are roughly the same and can be calculated based on the latitude difference; the minor arc distance of the great circle between the two places on the sphere is the shortest, flying from Great Wall Station to Zhongshan Station Generally speaking, flying eastward, the latitude first increases, approaching the Antarctic, and then the latitude decreases, away from the Antarctic, so it first moves to the southeast and then to the northeast; the date of the completion of Taishan Station is February 8, and according to the direct sun point, it moves about 8 times a month. Calculated at 0 latitude (approximately 10 every 4 days), the sun will shine directly near 100 S on that day, that is, polar day will appear south of 800 S. Therefore, among the four research stations, only Kunlun Station will experience polar day. The rest of the days will be longer and the night will be shorter, so the more remote the location. The longer the day is in the south.

(2) Pay attention to the analysis from two areas: sea and land. The distance from our country to Antarctica is long, and the sea conditions along the way are complicated. To reach Antarctica, we have to cross the prevailing westerly wind belt in the southern hemisphere and the floating ice belt outside Antarctica. These are the two most dangerous sea areas. There are still tens of thousands of fish floating in the ocean around the Antarctic continent. The huge icebergs have caused great difficulties and dangers to maritime navigation; the climate characteristics of the Antarctic continent can be summarized as "severe cold, dry, and strong winds." This extremely harsh environment is a great test for human survival and activities. ; More than 95% of Antarctica is covered by ice and snow all year round, forming a huge and thick ice cap. Sometimes you encounter unfathomable ice cracks, making walking in Antarctica full of dangers.

(3) If the earth’s rotation direction is opposite to the current direction, then the natural phenomena caused by the rotation direction will have opposite changes, such as the apparent motion direction of celestial bodies, the direction of the geostrophic deflection force, and the earth’s rotation. period, etc. (Because the direction of rotation and revolution are opposite, the solar day is shorter than now, about 4 minutes shorter than the sidereal day); if the yellow-red intersection angle is zero, there will be no north-south movement of the direct sun point, because the seasonal direction of the direct sun point Natural phenomena caused by movement do not exist, such as changes in the length of day and night, changes in the height of the sun at noon, seasonal changes, etc.