Where is the location of Chenjiaci?
architectural style
The architecture of Chenjiaci is famous for its exquisite decoration and grandeur. Wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, clay sculpture, pottery sculpture, iron casting and other decorations are all over the roof eaves, halls, courtyards and corridors inside and outside the cave. There are not only large-scale productions, but also exquisite small works. The decoration style is rough and bold, or exquisite and delicate, each with its own characteristics. Especially in the shaping of glazed tile ridges, classical stories are widely spread, and the scenery around the country is collected, which is dazzling and beautiful. Between the walls in front of the shrine, there are six large scroll-shaped brick carvings, each 4 meters long. They are carved from pieces of blue bricks and then connected into a whole. Three-dimensional multi-level pictures include myths and legends, landscape gardens, flowers and animals, Zhong Ding Yi Ming and so on. , just like the folk art academy. Chen's Ancestral Hall was renovated on 1958 and transformed into Guangdong Folk Arts and Crafts Museum. Comrade Guo Moruo once left a five-character poem after his inspection in 1959: "Heaven can be replaced by workers, but man-made heaven is inferior. Sure enough, building the world is better than studying for ten years.
As early as the 1920s, the architectural decoration technology of Chenjiaci attracted the attention of architectural experts and scholars at home and abroad, and was introduced in German and Japanese architectural art monographs. 1959, Guangdong Folk Arts and Crafts Museum was built (later renamed Guangdong Folk Arts and Crafts Museum in 1994, till now).
1980 the state allocated special funds for reconstruction.
In the halls, corridors, courtyards, doors and windows, railings, roofs, brick walls, beams, shrines and other places of Chenjiaci, traditional architectural decorations such as wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, pottery sculpture, gray sculpture and cast iron technology can be seen everywhere, which is dazzling. Pottery and plastic handicrafts are concentrated on the tile ridge of the roof of 19 hall; Brick carving is the largest in the east and west walls; Gray sculptures are concentrated on tile ridges and courtyards, and are made by Nanhai gray sculpture artists. In addition to the beam frame, gate and screen, Juxiantang has a 1 1 double carved shrine in the back seat, which is tall and has inscriptions such as "16th year of Guangxu", "Made in Liu Dechang, Huilan Bridge" and "Made in Taiyuan Street". All kinds of decorations in the ancestral hall are colorful and have a wide range of themes.
Chen Academy, a national key cultural relic protection unit, was built in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894) and was a joint venture of the Chen family in 72 counties of Guangdong Province at that time. Objective To provide accommodation for scholars from all over the country who came to Guangzhou to take the imperial examination. The architectural decoration of Chenjiaci embodies the essence of Guangdong folk decoration art, and skillfully uses wood carving, brick carving, pottery sculpture, copper and iron casting and other techniques for decoration. All kinds of carvings and decorations in the building are mainly organized by builders from various provinces and counties to hire a large number of skilled craftsmen to concentrate on Guangzhou for production. According to the available data, the artists who participated in the brick carving system are Huang Nanshan, Yang Jianting and Li in Panyu, and Chen, Chen, Chen and Li in Nanhai County. Among them, Huangnan Mountain has the largest number of carvings, and its carving style is extremely exquisite and exquisite, so it is very famous. Chen Academy, the largest, most intact and beautifully decorated ancient art building in Guangdong, is now the Guangdong Folk Arts and Crafts Museum. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Structural layout
Sitting in Chen Academy, which faces south, is a quadrangle layout of "three entrances, three roads, nine halls, two compartments and two forks" in China. It consists of 9 halls, 6 courtyards, 65,438+00 wings and a long corridor. A new green square of 1.7 million square meters will be built on the east side of the courtyard. Its overall structural layout is rigorous, with alternating reality and reality, magnificent hall and spacious and elegant courtyard. Juxian Hall in Jinzhongtang is the center of the academy building, where people hold spring and autumn festivals or seminars. The hall is magnificent and the courtyard is spacious. The beam is beautifully carved, and the huge screen in the hall is beautifully carved, which is a beautiful wood carving. The tile ridge of the roof is 27 meters long and 4.2 meters high, which is the work of Guangdong Shiwan Ceramics Company in Qing Dynasty. There is a white stone terrace in front of the main hall, and pictures of cast iron flowers are embedded in the stone railings. Five rooms in the main hall are 27 meters wide and five rooms are deep, 16.70 meters. The beam is hoisted by piers, with a bucket arch, and 2 1 frame 6 lives out of the front and rear corridors, which belongs to the wooden frame of the hall. There is a 12 double-sided carved screen door in the middle of the rear column, and flower covers are installed on both sides. There is a platform in front of the hall, and the stone railings and watchtowers are decorated with Lingnan Guo Jia, inlaid with iron-cast balustrades, with bright colors and gorgeous decoration, which highlights the central position of Juxian Hall. The east and west halls of the middle entrance are three rooms wide 14.05 m and five rooms deep 16.70 m. Lift the beam with pier, set a bucket arch, purlin 2 1 6 column gables, and go out of the front and rear corridors. Four double-sided carved partition fans are installed in the middle of the rear column, and the flower partition fans are installed in the second room of the rear column and in front of and behind the hall. The three halls in the back hall are the memorial tablet for ancestor worship by Chen and the hall for people's sacrifice. The hall is five rooms wide, 27 meters wide and five rooms deep, 16.40 meters. Hanging beam with melon column, bearing by the back wall of 2 1 5 column, and then going out of the shed corridor. There is a wood carving niche cover with a height of 5 to 7 meters between the old eaves columns behind the main hall. The east and west halls are three rooms wide, 14.05 meters, and five rooms deep, 16.40 meters. Hanging beam with melon column, purlin with 2 1 5 column gables, and then out of the shed corridor. The hall door is a 14 flower partition fan. Woodcarving niches have also been installed behind the main hall, but the scale is slightly smaller than that of the main hall. Dongxizhai and the wing are slightly lower, which are the main rooms for teaching and reading in the academy. The east-west Zhai is a single room, with a herringbone seal on the volcanic wall to bear the purlin. The house is decorated with lintels, partition fans and floor-to-ceiling flower covers. The back window is a colorful etched glass window, and there is a small patio in front of the fast, which makes it particularly clear indoors and outdoors. The east and west wing rooms are covered with shed tiles, and the beams are hung by melon pillars and go out of the front porch. The wing is decorated with colored etched glass windows embedded in the lattice, with soft light and very fresh and elegant. This is a unique architectural decoration technology in the Pearl River Delta in the late Qing Dynasty, which embodies the essence of Guangdong folk architectural decoration art. The internal and external components of the building are skillfully decorated with wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, pottery sculpture, gray sculpture, copper and iron casting and other techniques. With a wide range of design themes, vivid modeling, exquisite carving skills, simple and extensive brushwork and exquisite carving, the whole academy has become a magnificent treasure house of folk arts and crafts.
Wood carving of Chen Academy. The largest number, large scale and rich content. The beam frame at the first entrance is carved with wood carvings with historical stories and folklore as themes, such as "The Queen Mother's Birthday" and "The Association of Practitioners". Among them, the most outstanding one is a group of bronze finches in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which depicts Cao Cao sitting on the bronze finches to watch the contest between tinker generals, and highlights the scene of Huang Xu and Chu Xu fighting for the brocade robe after the contest.
In addition, all kinds of fruits, designs, figures and animals carved in the hall, as well as corridors, sparrows and cornices over 540 meters long, all embody the essence of Guangdong wood carving. Woodcarving craft: Woodcarving craft is a folk art classified by carving materials. Generally, linden, birch, nanmu, camphor, cypress, ginkgo, agarwood, mahogany, longan and other slender and flexible tree species are selected for carving, which usually refers to carving crafts carved from wood. Hometown of woodcarving: Dongyang, Zhejiang, known as the hometown of woodcarving in China, has a history of woodcarving for more than 1000 years. There are exquisite Dongyang woodcarvings in the Forbidden City in Beijing, Hangzhou in Jiangsu, Anhui and other places. Dongyang woodcarving is a carving art mainly based on plane relief. Its multi-level relief, scattered composition and plane decoration have formed their own distinctive characteristics. Because of its elegant color and elegant style, it retains the natural texture and color of logs. Also known as "white wood carving" (representing the natural color of wood, different from painting). It has a history of more than 1000 years since the Tang Dynasty. It is one of the best folk crafts of the Chinese nation and is known as the "national treasure".
The stone carvings of Chen Shuyuan are mainly granite. Widely used in colonnades, moon beams, ticket gates, railings, dados, column bases and steps. The stone railing on the platform in front of Juxiantang is a typical stone carving decoration technology in the academy. It combines various techniques such as round carving, high relief, relief, carving, concave carving, etc., with various flowers, birds and fruits as the theme and continuous winding branches as the expression form for carving. In addition, the double-sided cast-in-place iron railing is embedded in the railing, which makes the gray elegant railing in sharp contrast with the dark cast-in-place iron railing, with outstanding theme and rich decorative effect.
In other stone carvings, such as moon beams, shelves, sparrows, dados, eaves gallery railings, step pendants, etc., they all have strong local characteristics. There is also a pair of stone lions in front of the gate (the pedestal has been lost). Masons carved a lively, peaceful and smiling beast with rounded and concise lines, which is the representative of Guangdong Shishi style.
Mainly decorated under the eaves, lintels, rhinoceros heads and eaves of walls, and also used as the decoration of flower windows. Chenjiacitang
There are some differences in materials and techniques between Guangdong brick carving and brick carving in northern or southern China. Before carving, artists choose them one by one. Then, according to the number of layers in the whole picture, the blue bricks are arranged in layers, and the patterns of their parts are discharged in turn. The last layer is embedded in the wall, forming a multi-level picture. Its carving techniques often include round carving, high relief, relief and hollowing out, among which the most prominent is the profound technique, regular and smooth lines and slender silk, so it is also called "hanging line brick carving".
There are six large-scale brick carvings on the eaves of Shuimo blue bricks in the east and west halls of Chen Academy, which is one of the largest brick carvings in Guangdong.
Shiwan pottery ridge decoration. In the Qing Dynasty, most ancestral temples or rich families in Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde, Hong Kong and Macao were decorated with ceramic ridges fired by Shiwan. The early ridges were mostly decorated with embossed flower patterns. With the development of Shiwan pottery, the embossed flower pattern has gradually changed into the character pattern with the theme of historical stories and folklore. Shiwan, a unique pottery ridge decoration culture, was later brought to Guangxi, Malaysia, Singapore and other places by Cantonese. Spreading the traditional culture of one's hometown to a foreign country is a natural expression of local feelings.
Grey plastic
Most of the old houses in Guangdong are piled with simple grass rolling patterns of lime on both sides of gables. This is called "grass tail". In wealthier mansions or ancestral temples, the application scope of gray plastic expands with the specifications of buildings. It is the main decoration technology of Guangdong residential buildings. Because gray needs to be produced on site, artists can give full play to their skills according to the needs of theme and space, such as penetrating mountains and rivers into walls or animals and flowers.
By shaping it into a protruding wall of 20 to 60 cm, the three-dimensional effect is very prominent. The shape is lifelike. Colors like red and green, rich and colorful, full of rich folk art characteristics.
Chen Shuyuan's gray sculpture is mainly used for roof foundation, gable vertical ridge, porch roof, wing, courtyard corridor and east-west Zhai roof, with a total length of 1.800 meters. The theme of grey sculpture is similar to that of pottery sculpture, mainly figures, flowers and birds, pavilions and beautiful scenery, all of which have strong Lingnan characteristics.
The pottery sculptures of Chen Academy are colorful and dazzling. Foshan pottery sculpture *** 1 1 is the main spine of the academy. The first five articles and Juxiantang Ridge were in the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1) (Juxiantang Ridge was blown down by typhoon in 1976 and rebuilt in 198 1 year) and 19th year (1893) respectively. 1 1 Among the ridge ornaments, Juxiantang is the largest, with a total length of 27 meters, a height of 2.9 meters and a total height of 4.26 meters, and a gray plastic base. There are 224 figures carved in the whole ridge, and the themes include the birthday of the Eight Immortals, promotion and knighthood, parting from sorrow, Li Jing and so on. The whole ridge decoration is like a huge stage. The themes of other ridge decorations are mainly dragons and phoenixes, flowers and birds, animals, landscapes, historical stories and group images.
Cast iron railings, that is, Foshan iron paintings, are embedded in the stone railings in front of and behind Juxian Hall of Chen Academy. There are six pictures of unicorn, jade book and phoenix on the front, two dragon playing beads on both sides of the steps, three suns opening Thailand, and more than a year. These iron castings are made of Foshan pig iron, forged or cast, with exquisite workmanship and exquisite composition.
In addition, there are the unique decorative art forms of China traditional architecture-murals and couplets. There are many murals in the east wing and west wing of the college. The theme of the mural is Teng Wang Ge, Tao Li Banquet, and the figures are Wang Bo and Li Bai. Academy couplets mainly express the praise and memory of the achievements of the ancestors and the ideals and wishes of the ancestors. Couplets are mostly regular script, which is unique.
Address: No.34, Enlongli, Zhongshan Seventh Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou
Type: Monument Museum, Historical Building Ancestral Temple
Grade: AAAA
Playing time: 0.5-2 hours is recommended.
Tel: 020-81814559; 020-8 18 1437 1
Official website:/
Opening hours:
8:30- 17:30
traffic
1 and subway 1 get off at Chenjiaci Station.
2. Take buses 85, 88, 104, 107, 109,10/4, 128, 193, 204. Or three. Take buses 15, 52, 55, 105, 133, 196, 207, 232, 223, 549 and 555 to Liwan Road Station.
entrance ticket
10 yuan, 70-year-olds are free, and students and retirees are half-priced.
Address: No.34, Enlongli, Zhongshan Seventh Road
Chenjiaci Community: Chenjiaci Community