Kneel for the works Turbid Flow, Childhood, Eve and Walking Clouds and Forks by Japanese woman writer Higuchi Ichiyo.
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Japanese female novelist.
Born into a family of lower-level officials in Tokyo, his father abandoned his post and went to sea in his later years. After bankruptcy, he fell ill and died. Since then, I have been responsible for the livelihood of a family of three. Due to overwork and poverty, she fell ill and died after less than five years of literary creation.
Literary works
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Higuchi Ichiyo, a female writer in Meiji period, died of tuberculosis on 1896 (the 29th year of Meiji)165438+1October 23rd.
She was born in1May 2, 872 (the fifth year of Meiji) and finished her short life before she was 25 years old. During this short time, Higuchi Ichiyo experienced a lot as a woman and writer, which made people feel sorry for her untimely death. In less than 25 years, when she was 19 years old, she decided to be a writer 189 1 (in the twenty-fourth year of Meiji). She started writing with the help of Taoshui Tanuchi, a literary reporter for Asahi Shimbun. 1892 (the 25th year of Meiji) In March, at the age of 20, she published the novel Dark Sakura in the first issue of Musashino, a fan magazine. Taoshui Sakai is Ye Yi's good friend not only in literary creation, but also in life, and has helped Ye Yi all his life. However, Dark Sakura is a general work divorced from reality, both in style and content. During this period, Ye Yi published several short stories one after another, but she has not yet formed her own style. 1893 (twenty-six years of Meiji), when Higuchi Ichiyo was 2 1 year old, he began to get to know and communicate with colleagues in Literary Magazine, and published two works, Snow Day and Piano Sound, in Literary Magazine in the same year. 1894 (Meiji twenty-seven years) She was 22 years old. After that, her works were mainly published in Literary World. In the young and brand-new literary environment, her writing style gradually changed, and she wrote Flower Cave and Night. In the same year, Eve was also written in 65438+ February (No.24 of Literary World). Generally speaking, among her 2 1 works, Eve, Turbid Flow, Thirteen Nights, Three Forks, and Childhood Friends are the best. New Year's Eve was highly praised by great writers at that time.
1895 (twenty-eight years of Meiji) At the age of 23, she serialized her masterpiece childhood friends in the literary world, and at the same time began to write Clouds, Several Cases, Cicadas, Turbid Flows and Thirteen Nights, which were published in various publications. Childhood friends * * * serialized 14 times, the last time was 1896 (the 29th year of Meiji), which was first published in the 37th issue of Literary World .. The last year of her life was when she was twenty-four, and the last "Purple" was published in New Literary World with unfinished fate. After that, Higuchi Ichiyo's illness became more and more serious, but she didn't stop writing. In addition to novels such as "Sober Grass" and "Take the Blame for Yourself", he also published essays and poems. Awakening Grass was highly praised by Wen Haosen in Meiji era. On September 9 of the same year, a doctor from Castle Peak was invited for consultation after being introduced by Sen Ou. The doctor's diagnosis is critical and there is little hope. Sure enough, more than two months later, Higuchi Ichiyo died.
all one's life
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As long as we look back at her writer's footprint, we can find that in her short career of less than 25 years, she began to write at the age of 19, and her representative works with literary vitality not only attracted many readers at home and abroad, but also were created at the age of 23 to 24, that is, 1894 to 12. It is not easy to spend 14 months on writing, regardless of everything else. However, she simply does not have the conditions and environment to concentrate on writing. Because of her poor family, she had to drop out of primary school after five years. From then on, she lost the opportunity to receive formal education and had to learn sewing. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, Higuchi Ichiyo joined the poetry creation organization "Dashe" founded by the poet Yasuke Nakajima, and studied poetry, classical literature and calligraphy and painting, which laid the foundation for her literary recuperation.
When she was 17 years old, her father died soon because of the decline of his family business. My younger brother, who should have inherited his father's footsteps, also suffered from tuberculosis and died earlier than his father. His second brother is separated and his sister is married. Ye Yi, who just turned 17 years old, became the head of the family, shouldering the burden of caring for his mother and sister, and began to pay debts for his dead father. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, she rented a room in her hometown of Tokyo, lived with her mother and sister, and made a living as a tailor and washed kimono fabrics. Washing fabrics by hand and dealing with cold water are hard work. After work, she took time out to write novels.
In the summer when she was 22 years old, she borrowed a sum of money from a friend, together with the money for selling furniture and clothes, and moved to a poor street in Yanhua Lane not too far from Jiyuan, because the rent there was cheap. Because the income from the manuscript fee is too small to cover the living expenses, she has to open a grocery store to make a living. She asked her mother to stand at the counter, go shopping by herself and write something at the same time. Besides, writing is more important than business. This kind of business can't flourish, life is getting poorer and poorer, and debts are getting more and more.
At the age of 23, Higuchi Ichiyo finished the novel Eve and published it in the literary world. Just as she became more and more famous in the literary world, she had to borrow money everywhere for living expenses. She once borrowed money from a familiar Mr. Feng Shui. He said that if she committed herself to him and became his concubine, she would get a monthly living allowance, but Ye Yi refused.
This humiliation caused her irreparable psychological harm. This poor and down-and-out life situation, which is opposite to her reputation in the literary world, makes Ye think deeply about her life. She is determined to overcome her sadness, face the reality bravely and fight against it, and infiltrate this view into her creation. With her lofty lyrical brushwork, she condensed women's sadness and anger that were difficult to heal under inhuman feudal consciousness in her works. Just because a woman has to bear the hardships of life, it is not unique to Higuchi Ichiyo, nor is it unique to the era when Higuchi Ichiyo lived, nor is it unique to Japan. This is why her works can arouse * * * and have universal value.
contemporary writer
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There was not only a woman writer in the Meiji era. On the contrary, there was a so-called "aristocratic literature era" in the Meiji era. From 1889 to 65438+1990s, the names of many female writers were very active in the literary world. In the early 1920s, Tanabe Garden, Zhongyan Island and Kimura were built. Starting with Matsuzaka, writers and translators such as Naoko Otsuka, Tazawa Inagawa, North Shui Bo, Luo Zhenhuan Xiaojinjing, and Seto Summer Night have emerged in large numbers, and the era of women's literature is second only to the Heian Dynasty in number. Their similarity lies in that they came from wealthy families and received the most fashionable higher education at that time, such as women's higher normal schools or women's higher schools and missionary women's schools, so they are also the most fashionable women. Most of them are women with certain gender equality and feminist consciousness. Although most of their works focus on the love tragedy that goes to ruin in the contradiction between bad habits and old morality, the story structure is general, showing sadness and lack of realistic skills, and the concept of facing the contradiction in reality is very weak. Although they are famous in the history of modern Japanese literature, their works do not have long-term literary vitality. Among many female writers, Higuchi Ichiyo is the only one who can compete with excellent male writers.
product analysis
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Ye Yi is different from the female writers in the Meiji "aristocratic literature era". She has no higher education, lives in poverty and even has no job. Even after becoming famous in the literary world, she failed to get rid of poverty. All these make her good at facing herself and reality with calm eyes. By observing the society and her own life, she finally found that no matter what your status and situation are, as long as you are a woman, you will inevitably be bound by some kind of clock.
A Feng, the hero of New Year's Eve, is a kind, upright and clever girl. It was such a good girl without any shortcomings that she was finally forced to steal it. On the thirteenth night, Guan married into a noble family and became a rich woman, which was unanimously regarded as an enviable happy life. But the essence is the opposite. Because of her husband's rudeness, he was trampled and traumatized. He once decided to divorce, but when he thought of his parents and children, he went back to the life of husband and wife in hell. In addition, there is a girl who went to be an aunt because of poverty, Jing. Midori, she was sold to a brothel because of her beauty in her childhood. Ali, a charming and unrestrained woman who was finally killed by turbidity current. And those young women who are keen on extramarital affairs and falling in love, although they live a happy husband and wife life on the surface. Through the vivid description of these characters, Ye Yi accused women of the survival dilemma of obedience or resistance. It is not difficult to see that no matter what era, in the human society composed of men and women, the sadness of sex and survival caused by being born a woman. I don't know when the light of gender equality and feminism will shine into the deepest part of women's fate. Ye Yi's literary works foresee that that day will only come in the distant future. All excellent literary works have foresight. What she foresees is not a bright future, but a tortuous future that needs to last for quite some time. It embellishes the sadness and darkness of life, which is also a true portrayal of the world. It is precisely because of this that her literature can continue to survive.
During his short 24-year career, Higuchi Ichiyo struggled with poverty and engaged in writing. In addition to his novel ideas, he left many essays and 4,000 poems, as well as more than 40 volumes of diaries carefully written since the age of 15.
Higuchi Ichiyo is not a genius, but she and her literature have become a real miracle in the history of Japanese literature.
The grandfather of Ali, the heroine of Turbid Flow, is an upright intellectual. Because he wrote a book that was considered "unhelpful to the world", he was dismissed by the yamen and committed suicide by hunger strike. My father was a skillful craftsman, but he was "too proud to be sociable" and left this world when Ali was young. Although life has honed Ali into a stubborn and strong character, the turbidity of the old world has swallowed her up.
Childhood friends focuses on the young life of Deng Meili, a prostitute's little sister, and describes a group of children who are destroyed and corroded by the turbid social environment around her, laying the groundwork for their tragic fate when they grow up.
other
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Her famous novels include Eve (1894), Walking Clouds (1895) and Fork Road (1896). Most of these works expose the darkness of society and describe the disasters of the poor in the lower classes, especially the tragic fate of insulted and injured prostitutes.