The weather in Guiyang is suitable for planting those flowers. How to cultivate?

Key points of carnation cultivation

First, select seedlings. There are two kinds of carnations: cutting seedlings and tissue culture seedlings, and virus-free tissue culture seedlings are the best. Seedling and quality requirements: 1 nuclear 4 (opposite) leaves, complete stems and leaves, thick and dense stems, thick and dark green leaves, dense wax coating, well-developed and complete roots, and no pests and viruses.

Second, colonization. One month before planting, 2000-2500 kg of decomposed livestock manure and 0/00 kg of phosphate fertilizer/kloc were applied, and the planting density was 25-30 plants per square meter. After planting 1-2 days, a support net is set up with nylon rope woven net, and 3-4 layers of net are installed. Later, when the plants grow taller, they are pulled up to each layer in order, and the stems are often harvested. Usually, the first net is about 15cm away from the boundary, and the other nets are about 20cm apart. The planting time is from April to May, 10~ 1 1. Pay attention to shading and cooling protection in the first half of the year; In the second half of the year, we must pay attention to covering 2~3 layers of plastic film or taking other winter heating measures.

Third, management. The base fertilizer accounts for 1/3 of the total amount, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently for topdressing, mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer. Fertilize twice a week at the beginning of planting. 25~30 days after planting, when 2~3 lateral buds at the base of the plant grow obvious leaves, coring should be carried out once, and there should be no less than 4 pairs of leaves after coring; 1 month later, all the lateral branches that grew after the first coring were cored, leaving 3~4 pairs of leaves, and half of the lateral branches that grew after the first coring were re-cored. Take off this heart on a sunny day. In the process of growth, lateral buds are constantly emerging between leaf axils, which must be removed in time. If it is a big flower variety, only 1 bud is left in the middle. Pest control goes on as usual.

Cultivation techniques of Gerbera jamesonii in greenhouse

Gerbera jamesonii, also known as hibiscus, is one of the most important fresh cut flowers in the world today. Its flowers are large, durable and brightly colored, and it is an ideal material for making gift bouquets, flower baskets and artistic flower arrangements. Its cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

make soil preparation

It is ideal to use loose and breathable sandy loam rich in humus; For cohesive soil, perlite, plant straw and chaff should be added to increase its porosity. Gerbera jamesonii can grow normally in soil with pH value of 5.8-8.0.

body >； 2000 ~ 3000 kg of decomposed manure is applied to each mu of soil, and the soil is turned 40 cm ~ 50 cm deep. After weathering for a period of time, raise the furrow to a height of 30 cm, a width of 1.0 m ~ 1.2 m and a width of 70 cm ~ 80 cm, which is a standard greenhouse.

Field planting

Autumn planting September ~1October. The planting density is annual stubble: the plant spacing is 30*30 cm; Second, three-year stubble: the row spacing between plants is 50*50cm. Before planting, it is best to use a nutrition bowl for foster care, which can improve the survival rate.

Post-factory management

Seedling management: keep the temperature and humidity within 65,438+00 days, shade properly on sunny days, ventilate and cool down in time when the temperature exceeds 25℃, and the water should not be too wet or too dry. Generally, the watering method of "watering enough water at one time and then watering the soil dry" is adopted. It can live in two weeks and grow new leaves around it. Once it survives, a little weak nutrient solution can be applied to accelerate its rooting and leaf growth.

Gerbera jamesonii enters the vigorous growth period about 1 month after seedling management and planting, and generally grows a new leaf every 7 days to 10 days. If it is suitable for growth in spring and autumn, fertilizer and water should be appropriately increased to promote growth; If it has entered high temperature in summer or low temperature in winter, we should give priority to protecting roots and promoting strength, properly control watering, control nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, peel old leaves in time and pay attention to pest control.

The flowering period begins about 5 months after flowering management. Annual plants have 30-40 leaves per plant, and biennial plants have 50-60 leaves. The management of flowering period should be based on the principle of "giving priority to promotion and combining promotion with control". Fertilizer and water management is mainly based on popularization, mainly on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and limited application of nitrogen fertilizer. If there are too many leaves, the old leaves should be picked in time, otherwise it will cause "hidden buds". Each plant should have a reasonable proportion of leaves, buds and stems. To ensure that a bud can develop and bloom normally, it usually needs 3 ~ 4 leaves to provide photosynthetic products for it. Annual gerbera plants can produce 5-6 flowers in a full flowering month, so the reasonable number of green leaves per plant is 60. 2. Three-year-old Gerbera jamesonii plants can produce 7-8 flowers within one month of full bloom, so the reasonable number of green leaves per plant is 20-25, and the redundant leaves should be removed manually. At the same time, we should also pay attention to removing too many buds and stems in time. In low temperature season, the soil humidity should not be too high, otherwise it is easy to be infected with fungal diseases such as "base rot". Gray mold should also be controlled.

A gerbera with normal fertilizer and water management can bloom 50 ~ 65 flowers in two years, and its nutrient consumption is 3 ~ 4 times that of phosphorus, and its potassium consumption is 4 ~ 4.5 times that of phosphorus. Therefore, from the seedling stage of Gerbera jamesonii, with the acceleration of its growth, the demand for nitrogen increased; In spring and summer, full nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to adult plants; In late autumn and early winter, the total amount of fertilizer should be reduced, but the proportion of potassium fertilizer should be increased and the amount of nitrogen should be reduced.

Harvest and preservation

The harvest time is suitable for harvesting, and when the petals are fully unfolded, it indicates that the flowers can be harvested; When picking flowers, you should grasp the stem with your hands, pull it out and break it from the root neck.

Preserve fresh-keeping and harvested flowers through pretreatment. The specific method is as follows: soak the flower stem base in the aqueous solution of 20ppm silver nitrate and 80ppm aluminum sulfate for 5-6 hours, and then transplant it into a special flower barrel with clear water.