What is the ancestor of the mouse? Who invented it?

Mouse The standard name of "mouse" should be "mouse device", and its English name is "Mouse". It has a history of 38 years since its emergence. The use of the mouse is to make computer operation easier, replacing the cumbersome instructions of the keyboard. Mouse interface type: According to the interface type, mice can be divided into three types: serial mouse, PS/2 mouse, and bus mouse. The serial mouse is connected to the computer through a serial port. There are two types of 9-pin interfaces and 25-pin interfaces. The PS/2 mouse is connected to the computer through a six-pin micro DIN interface. It is very similar to the keyboard interface, so pay attention to the distinction when using it. The interface of the bus mouse is on the bus interface card. The working principle of the mouse: The mouse can be divided into a mechanical mouse and an optical mouse according to its different working principles. The mechanical mouse is mainly composed of a rolling ball, a roller and a grating signal sensor. When you drag the mouse, the rolling ball is driven to rotate, and the rolling ball in turn drives the roller to rotate. The photoelectric pulse signal generated by the grating signal sensor installed at the end of the roller reflects the displacement changes of the mouse in the vertical and horizontal directions, and then is transmitted to the computer through the computer. Program processing and transformation to control the movement of the cursor arrow on the screen. The optical mouse detects the displacement of the mouse, converts the displacement signal into an electrical pulse signal, and then controls the movement of the cursor arrow on the screen through program processing and conversion. An optical mouse uses a photoelectric sensor instead of a rolling ball. This type of sensor requires a special backing plate with a stripe or dot pattern. In addition, mice can also be divided into two-button mice, three-button mice, roller mice and sensor mice according to their appearance. The functions of the left and right buttons of a two-button mouse and a three-button mouse are exactly the same. Under normal circumstances, we do not need the middle part of a three-button mouse. But when using some special software (such as AutoCAD, etc.), this key will also play some role; roller mice and sensor mice are very commonly used on notebook computers. Turn the small ball in the middle of the mouse in different directions. Or move your finger on the sensor pad, and the cursor will move in the corresponding direction. When the cursor reaches the predetermined position, click the mouse or the sensor pad to perform the corresponding function. Wireless mouse and 3D mouse: New wireless mice and 3D vibrating mice are relatively new mice. Wireless mice are produced to accommodate large screen monitors. The so-called "wireless" means that there is no wire connection, but a wireless remote control using two AA batteries. The mouse has an automatic sleep function, the battery can last for one year, and the reception range is within 1.8 meters. The 3D vibration mouse is a new type of mouse. It can not only be used as an ordinary mouse, but also has the following characteristics: (1) It has all-round three-dimensional control capabilities. It has six moving directions: forward, backward, left, right, up, and down, and can be combined to move forward, right, left, down, etc. (2) The appearance is different from ordinary mice. It generally consists of a fan-shaped base and a movable controller. (3) It has vibration function, that is, tactile feedback function. When playing certain games, when you are hit by an enemy, you will feel your mouse vibrate as well. (4) It is a true three-button mouse. No matter in DOS or Windows environment, the middle button and right button of the mouse are very useful. The differences between the four types of mice: Optical-mechanical mouse: It is an improvement on the purely mechanical mouse, and improves the positioning accuracy of the mouse by introducing optical technology. Like the purely mechanical mouse, the optical-mechanical mouse also has a small rubber roller ball connected to the X and Y axes. The difference is that the optical-mechanical mouse no longer has a round decoding wheel, but two A grating code disc with grating slits, and a light-emitting diode and a photosensitive chip are added. When the mouse moves on the desktop, the rolling ball will drive the two grating code discs on the X and Y axis to rotate, and the light emitted by the X and Y LEDs will illuminate the grating code discs. Since there are grating gaps in the grating code discs, At the right time, the light emitted by the diode can pass through the grid slit and directly illuminate the detection head composed of two photosensitive chips. If a light signal is received, the photosensitive chip will generate a "1" signal. If no light signal is received, it will be set as a signal "0". Next, these signals are sent to a specialized control chip for calculation to generate corresponding coordinate offsets to determine the position of the cursor on the screen. Optical mouse: It has no scroll wheel on the bottom and does not need a reflective plate to achieve positioning. Its core components are light-emitting diodes, micro cameras, optical engines and control chips. During operation, the light-emitting diode emits light to illuminate the surface of the bottom of the mouse, and at the same time, the miniature camera continuously captures images at certain intervals.

The different images generated by the mouse during movement are transmitted to the optical engine for digital processing, and finally the positioning DSP chip in the optical engine analyzes the digital matrix of the generated images. Since two adjacent images always have the same features, by comparing the position change information of these feature points, the movement direction and distance of the mouse can be judged. This analysis result is eventually converted into a coordinate offset to realize the positioning of the cursor. . Mechanical mouse: There are no mutually perpendicular flake wheels at the bottom, but a small gel ball that can roll in four directions. When this small ball rolls, it will drive a pair of rotating shafts to rotate (X axis and Y axis respectively). There is a round decoding wheel at the end of the rotating shaft. The decoding wheel is attached with a metal conductive sheet that is in direct contact with the brush. . When the rotating shaft rotates, these metal conductive pieces and the brushes will come into contact one after another, and there will be two states of "on" or "off". The former corresponds to the binary number "1", and the latter corresponds to the binary number "0". Next, these binary signals are sent to the dedicated chip inside the mouse for analysis and processing and generate corresponding coordinate change signals. As long as the mouse moves on the plane, the small ball will drive the rotating shaft to rotate, which will change the on-off status of the decoding wheel, producing a set of different coordinate offsets, which will be reflected on the screen, that is, the cursor can follow the movement of the mouse. Move and move. Optical mouse: In the same era as the development of the optical-mechanical mouse, a digital optical mouse with no mechanical structure appeared. The original intention of designing this optical mouse is to bring the accuracy of the mouse to a whole new level so that it can fully meet the needs of professional applications. This kind of optical mouse does not have traditional designs such as rolling balls and rotating shafts. Its main components are two light-emitting diodes, a photosensitive chip, a control chip and a reflective plate with a grid (equivalent to a special-purpose mouse pad). When working, the photoelectric mouse must move on the reflective plate. The X light-emitting diode and the Y light-emitting diode will respectively emit light and shine on the reflective plate. Then the light will be reflected back by the reflective plate, and then transmitted through the lens assembly and illuminated on the photosensitive chip. The photosensitive chip converts the light signal into a corresponding digital signal and sends it to the positioning chip for special processing, thereby generating X-Y coordinate offset data. This kind of optical mouse has indeed improved in terms of accuracy, but it has exposed a lot of flaws in subsequent applications. First of all, the optical mouse must rely on the reflector. Its position data is generated entirely based on the grid information in the reflector. If the reflector is dirty or worn, the optical mouse will not be able to determine the position of the cursor. If the reflector is accidentally seriously damaged or lost, the entire mouse will be scrapped. Secondly, using an optical mouse is very inhumane. Its movement direction must be perpendicular to the grid texture on the reflector. It is impossible for the user to quickly move the mouse. The cursor moves directly from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the screen; thirdly, the cost of an optical mouse is quite high. The price of several hundred yuan is not a big deal today, but in that era people were only willing to pay about 20 yuan for the mouse. In terms of funds, the high price of an optical mouse seems unreasonable. Due to a large number of disadvantages, this kind of optical mouse has not become popular. At best, it has only been used to a certain extent in a few professional drawing situations. However, with the overall popularity of the optical mouse, this kind of optical mouse was quickly replaced by the market. eliminated. Milestones in the development of the mouse: . In 1968, the prototype of the mouse was born; . In 1981, the first commercial mouse was born, still a mechanical mouse, but the rolling ball mouse appeared; . In 1983, Logitech invented the first optical-mechanical mouse. It became the industry standard in the future; . The first generation of optical mouse appeared in the early 1980s, which required a special gridded mouse pad, and its high cost limited its scope of use; . In 1999, Microsoft and Agilent jointly released IntelliEye optical engine, and the first optical mouse. On December 9, 1968, the world's first mouse was born at Stanford University in California, USA. Its inventor was Dr. Douglas Englebart. Dr. Englebart's original intention of designing the mouse was to make computer operation easier and replace the cumbersome instructions on the keyboard. The mouse he made is a small wooden box. The working principle is that the small ball at the bottom drives the pivot and drives the rheostat to change its resistance to generate a displacement signal. After the signal is processed by the computer, the cursor on the screen can move. Since then, the mouse and the PC have formed an indissoluble bond that is difficult to express in words. Since the advent of computers, the keyboard has been with it and has always played the role of the main input device.

The keyboard is great for typing, but it shows its limitations when used to move the cursor. So Engelbert, who worked at NASA and worked with computers all day long, had a bold idea - could he use "point control" instead of typing on the keyboard? After years of hard work, in 1982, Engelbert's idea finally became a reality: a product called the "Display System Cursor Position Vertical and Horizontal Movement Indicator" was launched. It has two functions, one is to control the movement of the cursor on the screen, and the other is to replace the Enter key. However, its name is too long and it is difficult to call it. One day, in the laboratory where Engelbert worked, a "vertical and horizontal movement indicator displaying the system cursor position" fell from the computer desk. Since it was connected to the host computer by a cable, it hung in the air. From the side, it looked like a The sight of a mouse dragging a long tail triggered Engelbert's inspiration, so the "display system cursor position vertical and horizontal movement indicator" got the name "Mouse". When the computer input device "Mouse" was used in our country, people translated it as "mouse", which appropriately reflects the appearance and function of this device. The mouse was invented by Douglas Engelbart in 1964. At that time, Douglas Engelbart was working at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), an institution sponsored by Stanford University. Douglas Engelbart had long been thinking about how to make computer operation easier and what means to use. to replace cumbersome instructions entered by keyboard. In the early 1960s, while attending a meeting, he casually took out his notebook (not a laptop) and drew a sketch of a device that uses two mutually perpendicular wheels at the bottom to track movements. This is the mouse. prototype. By 1964, Douglas Engelbart once again perfected the concept of this device and produced the first finished product. Therefore Douglas Engelbart is also known as the "Father of the Mouse". There was no "mouse" as a name yet, and the new device was a small wooden box with two scroll wheels but only one button. Its working principle is that the roller drives the shaft to rotate and causes the rheostat to change its resistance. The change in resistance generates a displacement signal. After processing by the computer, the cursor indicating the position on the screen can move. Because the device drags a long connection like a mouse (like a mouse's tail), Douglas Engelbart and his colleagues nicknamed it "Mouse" in the laboratory. He also thought at that time that mice might be possible in the future. It will be widely used, so it was named "Display System X-Y Position Indicator" when applying for a patent. However, people felt that the name "Mouse" was more friendly, so the name "mouse" came into being.