Main types of catering industry and accommodation industry
1. Tourist Hotel
The catering functions of tourist hotels are consistent with those of the restaurant
Hall 1 mentioned above. Tourist hotels can be divided into international tourist hotels and general tourist hotels. Among them, international tourist hotels not only provide accommodation needs for foreign visitors, but also attract a large number of local tourists with their elegant style, exquisite tableware, world food concept and perfect service. In addition, the hotel has large space, complete equipment and high professional standards of staff, so it can also have other functions such as gourmet banquet, wedding, funeral and celebration, exhibition and meeting, give full play to the marginal utility of catering and guide the prevalence of catering trends.
second, the restaurant
the restaurant refers to the place where diners eat formally. General restaurants can be divided into Chinese restaurants and western restaurants according to different tastes of products, and their characteristics are as follows:
1. Chinese restaurants
China has a vast territory, many nationalities and different folk customs, which are often based on geography, climate, customs, people's feelings, economy and other factors, shaping a variety of cultural characters, forming unique eating habits and wonderful cooking methods. Each region has formed its own unique cuisine, and there are both snacks and big dishes, such as Sichuan cuisine, Shandong cuisine, Zhejiang cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, Anhui cuisine, Jiangsu cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Yunnan cuisine, Beijing cuisine, Northeast flavor and so on.
2. Western restaurant
The definition of western restaurant refers to a restaurant with westernized decoration, catering to Europe and the United States, and western-style service as the main service. For the convenience of a large number of consumers who are not familiar with western food, most western restaurants offer set meals, such as meal A and meal B, in the order of soup, salad, main course, dessert and final drink. In order to attract more guests, some western restaurants even offer Chinese menus such as ribs rice and chicken leg rice for guests to choose from. Therefore, eating western food now is not the patent of rich people, and there is no particular catering etiquette. The nature of leisure and entertainment is greater than that of dinner. At present, in addition to the big hotels and high-end steakhouses, the flavor of traditional western food is guaranteed, and the general western restaurant has already got a different taste.
3. Buffet and fast food industry
1. Buffet
The purpose of buffet is to quickly provide nutritious and diverse diets for people who work and go to school outside the home at low prices. At present, self-service is not only widely used in schools, institutions and other groups, but also widely accepted by general commercial restaurants. Buffet has become a popular way of eating all over the world.
The prototype of cafeteria originated from YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) in Kansas, Missouri, USA in 1891. In 1893, John R.Thompbom bought a restaurant in Chicago, and successfully introduced this service concept. Customers chose their favorite food at the dining table, becoming the first self-service restaurant, and also the first restaurant to control food supply and demand by using electric conveyor belt and central distribution. In 1926, he had 126 restaurants in the midwest and south. The key to its success is to reduce the labor cost to 15% of sales, which is much lower than that of other catering industries (2%-3%).
buffet can be divided into two forms (as shown in table 1-2). One is that the guests pick up the dishes at the dining table by themselves, and then pay the bill by the number of samples, which is called cafetering； in English; The other is that guests can take their own food, but you can eat as much as you want at one time, which is called buffet in English. Both modes are self-help or semi-self-help (feed is provided by waiters). In today's society where labor costs are expensive, this service mode is indeed an inevitable catering trend.
In the past, the design of the dining tables in self-service restaurants used a straight line (Figure 1-3). Customers entered from the same direction and waited patiently for the checkout after they got the food. At present, there are improved free-flowing (Figure 1-4) and serrated (Figure 1-5) dining table designs, which enable customers to cut in from the required food points, which is extremely flexible, can reduce the hard work and time waste in queuing, improve customer satisfaction and improve the utilization rate of restaurants.
The "all you can eat" buffet, which was introduced in the 197s, has greatly shocked the management mode of the catering industry. Consumers are no longer afraid to go to big hotels because they are not familiar with ordering skills, and they are not bound by the combination of packages. Therefore, this catering method is widely loved by consumers, especially in the last two or three years, and it has become the main catering business of major hotels.
2. bento industry
bento industry, also known as fast food industry (called bento industry in Taiwan Province), can be said to be a major catering feature of rice-based ethnic groups. With the change of life style of urbanites, it is increasingly rare to eat lunch boxes at noon, and the fast food industry in metropolis is developing rapidly.
The main suppliers of box lunch are students, employees of factories and institutions and patients in hospitals. The price is the highest from April to 12 yuan, and the color and nutritional content of the dishes vary depending on the price, including main courses (such as fried pork ribs and chicken legs), semi-meat dishes (eggs and shredded pork) and vegetarian dishes. 9
There are many ways to classify hotels. Such as classification by construction site, classification by use purpose and classification by grade. These different types of development zones are remarkable. Classified by location, such as the development zone motel, built next to a gas station and repair shop; According to the use function, such as IBIS/ACCOR, TEDA Business Hotel and Beijing Pengren Hotel Apartment, their use purposes can be listed as business hotels; As for the classification by grade, there can be Renaissance TEDA Hotel (five-star), TEDA Center (four-star) and Jinfan Building (three-star). What I want to introduce here is the classification of hierarchy.
Grading comes from the needs of different consumption levels.
1. Classification of hotel grades
1. Main basis for classification. In the world, hotels are often graded according to specific conditions such as environmental scale, buildings, equipment, facilities, decoration, management, service items and quality. The star rating system is a popular classification method in the world, especially in Europe. The higher the star rating, the higher the hotel grade and level. Many countries regard five-star (including platinum five-star) as the highest level, and give it a beautiful logo, for example, Britain uses roses as the logo. However, no matter whether it is divided into several grades, it is a comprehensive standard, and it is impossible to make a judgment by taking several or several items alone.
2. The main contents of grading include:
(1) Comfort. Comfort comprehensively reflects the indoor and outdoor environment of the hotel. Including many aspects, the most important thing is the location environment and garden situation. Four-star and five-star luxury hotels often choose the best outdoor landscape, beautiful gardens, spacious driveways and parking lots, and
convenient outdoor space. Through the window, you can enjoy the surrounding scenery, have a garden for guests to rest and a place for communication. Speaking of which, I thought of two Tang poems. Perhaps the poet saw the snow scene in winter through the window of the inn, so he improvised and wrote the quatrain "The window contains the snow in the west, and the Dongwu Wan Li ship is moored at the door". The hotel should be poetic and picturesque, making the guests relaxed and happy. Last autumn, when I was standing in the second phase building of Pengrenyuan, I looked at a flying bridge from the window and heard the sound of a waterfall. I couldn't help but think of Du Mu's poem "Epang Palace Fu", "The long bridge lies on the waves, but there is no cloud." I also rewrote this famous sentence into a couplet, "Long Bridge lies on the waves without striking He Hong, Kunlun stands tall and beautiful", and asked my old father to make some corrections and hang it on the building. Some famous sayings that I accidentally remembered from the vitality of architecture later became the driving force and source of my passionate creation (architecture is an art, and real estate development itself is a kind of creation). It can be seen that a good environment is very important for hotel guests' enjoyment!
(2) customer investment. In 197s, five-star hotels were popular, and the investment per room (about 4 square meters) was between 2, and 55, dollars. In the 198s, the investment of each customer reached more than $1,. In the 21st century, with the progress of science and technology and the improvement of consumption level, this investment is still rising. At present, the five-star standard room decoration investment is at the level of 1, RMB (excluding facilities and public decoration).
(3) guest room area. Room area is an important condition for room comfort. In the countries that implement the hierarchical system, the detailed requirements of suites, luxury suites and bathroom areas are clarified in the relevant regulations.
In a word, hotel grades are not strict about scale, but they are very strict about environment, investment, room area and facilities.
second, the newly promulgated classification of national five-star hotels
the classification and evaluation of tourist hotels (GB/T1438-23) promulgated by the people's Republic of China and China on December 1, 23 has detailed classification and requirements for five-star and platinum five-star (ultra-luxury five-star). Selecting the most important ones, refining and summarizing them, has the following important aspects:
1. Layout and function. Be reasonable in layout, complete in functions and convenient and safe in facilities. Layout and function should be the most important in the hierarchy. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a leading architect in the field of architecture, said in the preface of "Architectural History of China": "The vertical and horizontal support or contact of the framework is often an organic organization, with the dull outline, colorful paintings and carvings, and the distribution of details of doors and windows." Here you can use the wisdom of Master Liang Sicheng to understand the layout of the hotel. Layout is often the need of function, so I think layout and function should be the most important in hotel grading.
2. Number and standard of customers. The level of the hotel does not require high scale, "at least 4 rooms (sets) can be rented (that is, for guests to register and use)." However, the five-star requirements for customers are more detailed, and 26 items are exactly the same as 26 English letters. Many people think that there is not much difference between three-star hotel rooms and four-star and five-star rooms. Actually, it's not. You haven't heard that China's five-star is much worse than that of foreign countries! What are the reasons? That is, many five-star hotels in China only focus on the appearance and basic configuration of guest rooms, ignoring many important aspects such as environmental protection, noise control, avoiding harmful substances, cultural taste, developed communication and service level.
3. Network communication system. A five-star hotel requires a computer management system and a communication network system. Among several well-known hotels in Binhai New Area, Tianbao International Hotel (quasi-five-star) may be the best in these aspects. Pengrenyuan Hotel Apartment will make great efforts in this respect, such as local area network, VOD on demand, installation of temperature and airflow sensors in the control room by floor, simultaneous interpretation and remote video conference system in the conference room, installation of film projectors and multi-function projection screens in the multi-function hall, and so on.
4. Soft environment conditions. Many terms in the five-star standard are about the service level, which is a requirement for the soft environment. In recent years, well-known hotels at home and abroad have made a big fuss about "PERSONALIZTD SERVICE" and actively promoted it. Personalized service and human-oriented service are being further integrated with standardized and customized services. In addition, the foreign language level of service personnel is required to be able to use daily language freely and talk skillfully with guests, and employees in important positions should have no less than CET-4.
5. Environment and culture. Most five-star hotels have beautiful gardens, shaping the cultural concept and architectural concept of "heaven and earth enter my heart and heaven and earth enter my house". A five-star hotel must be unique in environment and appearance. The ancient buildings in China pay great attention to "Feng Shui". The application of Feng Shui theory has become a treasure in the world cultural library. The Preface to the Orchid Pavilion, a masterpiece handed down from ancient times by Wang Xizhi in the Jin Dynasty, contains beautiful descriptions of the Orchid Pavilion, such as "lofty mountains, luxuriant forests and bamboo cultivation" and "flowing water", which makes people sigh. Patrick Abelon, a famous British architect, once praised China's architecture for paying attention to geomantic omen. He wrote, "The China scenery displayed under geomantic omen may be the most beautifully constructed of any wonderful scenery that has ever existed." Dr Needham of Britain also thinks that China's scientific humanities are based on two main foundations. He put it this way: "It never separates man from nature, …" So the five-star standard should have higher requirements for the environment.
There are many standard items in five-star hotels, so I only want to make a summary of what I think is more important, and attach some personal experiences as a dedication to those who care about "Beijing Pengrenyuan Store Apartment".