Sandu County, Guizhou Province: The only Shui Autonomous County in China that retains hieroglyphics.
Shui nationality is a very ancient nation. Some scholars think that the Shui people are descendants of Xia Dynasty, while others think that they are descendants of Shang Dynasty. Later, the Shui moved south and gradually merged into Baiyue nationality. Up to now, the Shui nationality still retains the ancient hieroglyphics-Shuishu. Water books include heavenly stems, earthly branches, eight diagrams, astronomical phenomena, solar terms, birds, animals, fish and insects, physical five senses, titles, numbers and directions of genera, etc. Their forms are very old. Because the writing style of Shuishu resembles Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty and ancient seal script, some people speculate that Shuishu is the same as Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
Sandu also has a very old calendar called "Water Calendar". The water calendar is basically the same as the summer calendar, except that August is the end of the year and September is the beginning of the year. The nine planets, Erbasu, Bagua Jiugong, heavenly stems and earthly branches, Sun, Moon and Five Stars, Yin and Yang Five Elements, Sixty Jiazi, Four Seasons and Five Seasons, Seven-Yuan Calendar and the first month of the water calendar reflected in the water calendar are extremely precious historical and cultural heritages.
According to a report in 2004, Xie Chaohai, an old man in Libo County, claimed that he kept five volumes of the book "Lianshanyi" and then donated it to the Guizhou Provincial Library for Nationalities. In the ancient history of China, there were three changes: Lianshan, Guizang and Zhouyi, and now only Zhouyi has been circulated. Some scholars have studied Lianshan Yi, a water book, and think it may be related to the lost Lianshan Yi. Appreciating water calligraphy, you can also go to Yixin Garden in Shuigen Village, Sandu Sandong Township, where there is a "World Ancient Water Calligraphy Forest", which collects more than 1.500 words of ancient water calligraphy, consisting of 9 inscriptions and 18 faces.
Besides writing and calendar, the Shui people have many ancient traditions and skills, among which ponytail embroidery is the representative. The ponytail embroidery of Shui nationality has a history of thousands of years. It uses ponytail as an important raw material, and its production process is complicated. The finished product is antique, gorgeous, exquisite and durable. In 2006, the ponytail embroidery of Shui nationality was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. Every important festival of the aquarium, the aquarium people will wear ponytail embroidery to participate in the festival activities, making the festival atmosphere colorful.
The festivals of Shui people mainly include Xiajing Festival, Mao Jie Festival and Duanjie Festival. Xiajing Festival is held in September or 10 of the annual water calendar, and its main content is to offer sacrifices to Shen Xia, the god of harvest. Maojie Festival, also known as Song Festival, is held on the first day of September and October of the lunar calendar every year. On that day, young men and women went to Maopo to sing, dance and play with umbrellas and handkerchiefs in hand to pray for a bumper harvest. Duanjie is the Spring Festival of the Shui people, which is held from August to October in the lunar calendar. It was divided into seven batches, which lasted 49 days from beginning to end. It can be said that it is the longest postponed festival in the world. "Guizhou Tongzhi" contains: "Every year, on the first day of the mid-autumn moon, there is a festival on the first day of the month, so it is a rich apology for a year."
Travel to Sandu County, don't miss the water village here. The villages in Sandu County are almost all Shui villages, all of which are dry-column-style wooden buildings with strong ethnic customs. Among them, Wan Hu Shuizhai, He Lei, Bangao, Gulu and Bamao are famous. These villages have basically not developed tourism and do not charge tickets.
Among them, Bangao Village is located in Sandong Township, 30 kilometers away from the county seat. There are 289 households in the village, living in 7 natural villages, and most of the residents are aquarium. Boao Village is famous for ponytail embroidery, silver ornaments and horn carving, and is known as "the first village of ponytail embroidery in Shui nationality".
In addition to ethnic customs, Sandu County has beautiful natural scenery and mysterious historical and cultural sites. Natural scenery: there are winding Duliujiang scenery, which flows through Sandu County and He Lei and other villages; There is Yaorenshan National Forest Park, with 350 square kilometers of Fiona Fang, where mountains are high and valleys are deep and streams are criss-crossing, making it a good place for summer vacation, hiking and camping. There is an 80-meter-high Zhonghe Waterfall, which is magnificent; There is a jasper-like Mangya Lake with beautiful scenery.
There is also a wonderful spawning cliff in Guluzhai, Sandu County, revealing irregular green-brown stone eggs. "Stone egg" is hard and smooth, and its surface is covered with lines similar to tree rings. Locals say stones lay eggs. According to the local old man, it takes 30 years to lose one. Up to now, there are 68 "stone eggs" in the village. At present, a "stone egg" has entered the pre-production area. What Millennium mystery is hidden under the steep cliff? Sandu County offered a reward of 500,000 yuan, so far no one has won the prize.
In terms of historical and cultural sites: Sandu County is the seat of the ancient Du Jiang Guild Hall, and the Shangjiang Village here has the site of the ancient city of Du Jiang. In the Qing Dynasty, there were four major buildings: Chengmen, Wenchang Pavilion, Tongguan Temple, Wanshou Palace, Yandi Palace, Confucius Temple, Kannonji, Hunan Guild Hall, Jiangxi Guild Hall, Zhaojie Pavilion, Jiezong Pavilion and Navy Camp. Now there are only ruins left. There are also mass graves in Du Jiang Town, which were left by 1855 when the Qing Dynasty suppressed the Jainism uprising of Miao nationality. At that time, there were bodies everywhere, which was difficult to count, so it was called "mass graves".
Finally, introduce the food and specialties of Sandu. Sandu's specialties mainly include Shuijiuqian Liquor, Laowangshan Green Tea, Crystal Grape, Jiuqianmei, Qin Zhou Mixiang and Sandu Capsaicin. Jiuqian Liquor is a kind of first-class pure glutinous rice wine, which is brewed by the unique traditional techniques of the Shui people and enjoys a high reputation in Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province. The most distinctive food in Sandu is fish-wrapped leek, which is the most important ancestor worship dish of the Shui people and has now evolved into all holiday dishes.
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