Scientific theory of potatoes
"Lays" potato chips produced by Pepsi Food (China) Company, "Copico" potato chips produced by Fujian Dali Food Co., Ltd. and "Shanghaojia" produced by Shanghaojia (China) Food Company "Potato chips account for most of the domestic potato chip market. Pringles (Procter & Gamble Company of the United States), Jiabao (Beijing Xingyun Industrial Co., Ltd.), Super Crispy Star (Nabisco Company of the United States), Bahlsen (Bahlsen Company of Germany), Polkadot (Taiwan Uni-President/PepsiCo Foods Company), Mommy (Malaysian Mommy Company), LIFTOFFS (British Golden Wonder Company), Yuanyuan (Shantou Special Economic Zone Yusheng Food Co., Ltd.), Kalof (Shantou Ronghao Company), etc.
Potato is one of the staple foods in the world. one. Beginning in the 1950s, potato consumption in the United States began to decline sharply due to the rapid development of convenience foods and the erroneous theory that eating potatoes would make people fat. In order to get out of the predicament, American food experts began to conduct extensive research on the development of various potato foods, which enabled potato consumption to reach another climax after the 1950s, and it became the world's potato kingdom.
Currently, American potato foods account for about 31.7% of the entire U.S. food market, with more than 70 to 80 varieties. The food processing rate of American potatoes is more than 80%, of which more than 50% is used for the processing and production of quick-frozen French fries. The per capita annual consumption of potato food in the United States is about 60kg, of which the per capita consumption of fried potato chips is about 9kg.
Since the 1990s, with the rise of the Asian economy, a new market for potato food has gradually formed in Asia. In recent years, the total trade volume of quick-frozen French fries and fried potato chips exported by the United States to Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea has remained above hundreds of millions of dollars. As American fast-food chains such as McDonald's and KFC continue to expand to countries all over the world, European and American food with potatoes as the main raw material has also become popular around the world, forming a stable market worth billions of dollars. In developed countries, potato food has become an indispensable green food in people's daily lives.
According to United Nations statistics, Western European countries have the highest per capita potato consumption, with an annual per capita consumption of about 90kg, followed by Eastern Europe. Per capita consumption in Latin America is relatively stable, while developing countries are showing a gradual growth trend. Per capita consumption in Latin America and the Near East is about 20~25kg, and in Africa and the Far East it is about 6kg.
The food processing rate of Japanese potatoes is about 70. About 50% of the 3.5 million tons of potatoes produced every year are used in the processing and production of fried potato chips and French fries, and 10% are used in the processing of quick-frozen potato products.
1 Overview of the development of potato snack foods in my country
According to estimates from the United Nations Development Center and the International Potato Center, the direct consumption of potatoes in various countries in the world accounts for less than 50% of the total output, and my country’s potato planting area It reaches 4.67 million hm 2 and the annual fresh potato production is 65 million tons, ranking first in the world. However, my country's per capita potato consumption is very low, only about 18kg, of which 90% is eaten fresh. my country's potato processing rate only accounts for about 4% of the total output. Compared with United Nations statistics, my country's current overall potato food processing level is about 20 years behind the level of the world's industrialized countries.
my country's Tenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Food Industry states that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, we must actively develop the potato processing industry. By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, we will establish a complete potato powder and processed products, starch, special starch, and potato convenience foods. and other product series, making the potato processing industry a new economic growth point in the central and western regions.
Fried potato chips, composite potato chips and quick-frozen potato chips are three potato snack foods that are developing rapidly in my country's market
1.1 Fried potato chips
Fried potato chips are the most common potato food on the market in my country. They are also a potato food processing project that has developed relatively rapidly in my country and is eager to invest in relevant investors.
With the development of science and technology in the world and the continuous emergence of new processes and new materials in the past 50 years, especially the rapid development of packaging materials, packaging machinery and packaging technology, the processing and production of fried potato chips have become more and more important. A huge industry has formed around the world. The global annual sales of fried potato chips have exceeded 20 billion US dollars. The annual sales of PepsiCo in the United States alone have exceeded 8 billion US dollars.
Since the late 1980s, our country has introduced more than 30 fried potato chip production lines from the United States, Sweden, the Netherlands, Finland, etc. The total annual production and sales of fried potato chips nationwide is estimated to be about 40,000 to 50,000 tons, most of which are processed and produced with equipment imported from my country. Among them, there are only about 10 companies with annual production and sales volume of more than 2,000 tons. At present, there are only a few companies using domestic equipment to produce potato chips.
Potato foods sold in various markets mainly include Pepsi Food Company’s Lay’s potato chips, Shanghai Chenguang Food Industry Co., Ltd.’s Shanghaojia potato chips, and Beijing Lianhua Food Industry Co., Ltd.’s Cardinal potato chips. , Kalufu potato chips of Guangdong Rongjia Hong Kong Co., Ltd., Mr. Potato Chips of Suzhou Mommy Dabao Food Co., Ltd., etc. Shanghai PepsiCo (Pepsi-Cola) has an annual sales volume of more than 2000t in Shanghai supermarkets alone; Kunming, Yunnan is the potato food company in my country One of the areas with rapid development, there are currently more than 10 fried potato chip factories of varying sizes. Except for Angel Food Company and Zidi Food Company, which use imported equipment for production, the rest are ordinary small factories.
Except for the fried potato chip production line produced by the China Agricultural Machinery Institute or some food machinery factories, which has a certain technical level, most of the domestic equipment is technically backward, with low output and poor quality. Poor, consumption is large.
1. 2 Composite potato chips
Compound potato chips are round flakes produced by compounding potato powder as the main raw material. They are produced by the American Procter & Gamble Company (P&G Company) ) was first invented in 1970 and has only a history of more than 30 years. However, it has become a popular food in the world because of its unique taste, non-greasy feeling, composite canning, long shelf life, easy portability, and can be eaten in batches. Snack food. Now, in addition to the United States, the production of composite potato chips has developed to South America, Europe, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and other Asian countries and regions. It is estimated that the current annual sales volume of composite potatoes in the world has exceeded 1 billion yuan.
PLINGLES compound potato chips produced by the American Procter & Gamble Company began to enter the Chinese market in 1997. There are two factories under the Procter & Gamble Company in the United States that produce composite potato chips. One is JACKSON, in the United States, and the other is Mechelen, in Belgium. Both factories produce composite potato chips according to a unified formula and a unified process. The sales volume of American Pringles composite potato chips in my country is about 5,000 to 8,000 tons.
The main brands of compound potato chips currently sold in the Chinese market include Pringles (Procter & Gamble Company of the United States), Jiabao (Beijing Xingyun Industrial Co., Ltd.), Super Crispy Star (Nabisco Company of the United States), and Baileshun (Germany Bahlsen Company), Polka (Taiwan Uni-President/Pepsi Foods Company), Mommy (Malaysian Mommy Company), LIFTOFFS (British Golden Wonder Company), Yuanyuan (Shantou Special Economic Zone Yusheng Food Co., Ltd.), Kalofs ( Shantou Ronghao Company), etc. Among them, except for Jiabao and Yuanyuan composite potato chips, which are produced by two domestic companies, Beijing Xingyun Industrial Co., Ltd. and Shantou Yusheng Food Co., Ltd., the rest are imported. The two companies respectively use imported equipment from the Italian PAVAN company and the American FMC company for production. The annual production capacity of Beijing Xingyun Industrial Company is about 3,000t; the annual production capacity of Shantou Yusheng Food Company is about 1,000~2,000t.
At present, the annual sales volume of compound potato chips in my country’s market is about 10,000 to 15,000 tons. Among them, my country's domestic production is about 5,000t.
Compared with other potato foods, compound potato chips have the following characteristics:
1) Composite potato chips are produced using primary potato processing products such as potato flour and potato starch as raw materials. , the selection of processing points is not as strict as that of fried potato chips;
2) Composite potato chips are processed and produced using a composite process. Compared with other potato foods, the shape, variety, and specifications of the product are Especially in terms of product taste, flavor modulation, and control of the oil content of potato chips, it has greater flexibility compared with fried potato chips;
3) Composite potato chips mostly use paper composite cans, etc. Rigid container packaging. Compared with fried potato chip products of the same weight, the packaging container is greatly reduced and the shelf life is greatly extended. In this way, it can not only reduce the transportation and storage costs of the product, but also make it convenient for consumers to eat, catering to the consumption habits of most consumers.
1. 3 Quick-frozen French fries
Quick-frozen French fries are one of the main foods in American fast food. Since the first McDonald's fast food restaurant opened in Beijing in 1992, the consumer groups cultivated by McDonald's, KFC, pizza and other fast food restaurants are also expanding rapidly, and the market for quick-frozen French fries in China is constantly expanding.
Quick-frozen French fries are a potato product made from fresh potatoes after peeling, cutting, cooking, drying, frying, quick-freezing and other processes. They are a very popular fast food and snack in European and American countries. Snack food accounts for about 17-18% of the total quick-frozen products.
The United States is the world's largest producer and exporter of French fries, and its French fries processing volume accounts for more than 50% of the total potato volume. The processing ratios of quick-frozen French fries in other countries are: Netherlands 74.8; Belgium 55.2; Sweden 54.3; UK 44.3; Germany 39. Japan, South Korea and some Southeast Asian countries and regions are the major consumers and importers of quick-frozen potato chips. In recent years, imports into the region have increased approximately fivefold.
At present, there are more than 800 professional fast food companies in my country, no less than 5,000 chain fast food companies, and more than 400,000 fast food outlets. The annual demand for French fries is soaring at a rate of 5 to 10%. However, there are only a few manufacturers of quick-frozen French fries in my country. One of the larger ones is Beijing Simplot Food Company, established by American Pacific Company and Beijing Farm Bureau, with an annual production capacity of 30,000 tons of quick-frozen French fries. Gansu Dingxi Jindadi Industrial Co., Ltd. has a design capacity of 1,000t per year. It is understood that Inner Mongolia is planning to build a quick-frozen French fries production line with an annual output of 15,000 tons.
90% of my country’s quick-frozen French fries are imported, with an annual import volume of about 200,000 tons. The main import ports are Shanghai, Shenzhen, Shantou, Tianjin and other ports, and are imported in the form of warehouse tax. The price to Chinese ports is about 7 to 8 yuan/kg, and the market price is about 10 to 11 yuan/kg.
According to statistics, in 1998, my country imported about 20,000 tons of quick-frozen potato chips from the United States. The total value was US$15.75 million; in 1999, the import amounted to 50,000 tons, totaling US$50 million.
Quick-frozen French fries have a huge market in China. Ma Ziyi, vice president of McDonald's North Asia, once said that by 2005, McDonald's will open 1,000 branches in China and sell 50,000 tons of French fries annually.
However, the processing and production of quick-frozen potato chips has higher and stricter requirements for the variety and appearance of fresh potatoes. Potatoes are required to have long strips in appearance, smooth skin, thin batches, few and shallow sprouts, not crispy after frying, quick molding, and a certain ratio of protein and starch content. my country's current shortage of processed potato varieties and output has caused certain restrictions on the production and development of quick-frozen potato chips in our country.
2 The development prospects of my country’s potato food market
According to statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics, my country’s gross national product was 9,693.3 billion yuan in 2001 and 4,553.6 billion yuan in the first half of 2002. Passed the one trillion dollar mark.
Our country's overall average level has entered the early stage of moderate prosperity. The development of the national economy and the increase in the distributable part of residents' income will inevitably cause changes in the national dietary structure and eating habits, creating a huge market capacity for the development of the potato food market. At present, there is still a huge gap between my country and advanced foreign countries in terms of per capita annual consumption of potato food. If the per capita potato food consumption of 1.3 billion people is calculated as 10kg, the annual demand for potato food would be about 1.3 million tons. It can be seen that there is huge market demand and space for potato food in my country.
The author believes that the main reasons why my country's potato food cannot develop rapidly are:
First, the lack of high-quality special variety support. In addition to compound potato chips, other fried potato chips and quick-frozen potatoes There are strict requirements for potato raw materials. Without the support of a certain number of special potato varieties, it will be difficult to develop my country's potato food processing industry.
The second is the lack of a certain number of suitable domestic processing machinery. For a large potato-producing country like my country, in order to develop my country's potato food processing industry, there is no certain number and certain technical level of processing machinery. It's impossible. Although the current imported equipment has a relatively high level of production technology, it cannot be accepted by most enterprises due to its high price, let alone be promoted on a large scale. To solve this contradiction, the only way is to develop my country's domestic processing equipment.
In recent years, my country has made significant progress in the introduction and cultivation of potato varieties. A number of new potato varieties with high starch, low reducing sugar, good potato shape, suitable for starch, whole flour and fried food processing, and export of fresh potatoes have also been bred, such as Neishu No. 7, Kexin No. 12, and Longshu. No. 3, Zhongshu No. 5, Neishu No. 3, Luyin No. 1, Dongnong 303, etc.
In the past 10 years, China's virus-free potato seed potatoes have developed very rapidly. The cultivation area of virus-free potatoes has reached 250,000 hm2, accounting for about 20% of the total potato area, which has effectively promoted the improvement of potato production levels. .
In addition, many foreign virus-free potato cultivation companies have begun to enter China. Australia's Tynico Company will establish a joint venture with Kunming Huajie Company to build a seed potato company. The world's leading potato fries manufacturer, Germany's Dell Company, began investing in developing China's seed potato market and cultivating special potato processing varieties.
PepsiCo has its own dedicated farms in Hainan and other places to cultivate potato processing varieties.
The above can gradually solve the special needs of multiple raw material supply in potato food processing in my country.
Potato food processing is a highly profitable project. In addition, it can also drive the improvement of potato varieties and increase yields in potato growing areas, increase farmers' income, and promote regional economic development. It has great political and economic significance for the development of the western region.
Potato food is a new processing industry with extremely broad prospects in our country. (
Answer: r059