Common sense of rain and snow disaster rescue
First, establish a perfect disaster prediction system.
It is the most important part of disaster prevention and mitigation to make an accurate prediction of upcoming disasters in time. Timely and accurate prediction can make the broad masses of the people make material and spiritual preparations in advance, so as to cope with disasters calmly.
Many countries have successful experience in this regard. For example, in the 1990s, Germany established a disaster prevention center composed of meteorological, electric power and transportation departments to forecast and monitor heavy snowfall and other emergencies. Second, strengthen the publicity of public knowledge on disaster prevention and mitigation.
Make people fully understand the self-protection methods to deal with various disasters, give full play to their subjective initiative in the process of waiting for rescue, and try their best to protect the safety of life and property through self-help and mutual rescue, instead of passively waiting for rescue and being at a loss. Third, improve the construction of disaster response system.
This is also the most important point, which is directly related to a country's ability to resist disasters. The state should establish a complete disaster response mechanism, and corresponding institutions should be established at all levels.
At present, the work function of civil air defense is changing to the civil defense function of preventing air strikes in wartime and disasters in peacetime. Therefore, disaster prevention and mitigation has become one of the most important tasks of the civil air defense department. Civil air defense departments at all levels can set up disaster prevention and mitigation agencies to form an emergency command network. Civil air defense departments should give full play to their advantages, increase the content of disaster prevention and mitigation in the process of popularizing civil air defense knowledge, rationally arrange funds, purchase disaster prevention equipment and reserve disaster prevention materials, and conduct regular disaster prevention drills under the guidance of emergency plans.
Fourth, infrastructure construction in peacetime (including electricity, railways, highway traffic, etc. ), we should fully consider the possible impact of various disasters. To be ahead, we must replace the old equipment in time, and the structural resistance level should be able to meet the test of disasters once in 50 years or even once in a hundred years.
2. How to prevent rain, snow and freezing disasters?
Improve the emergency plan for low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters, and further improve the organization and command institutions. Further clarify functions and responsibilities, ensure that institutions at all levels really play their functional roles, and ensure that leaders, responsibilities and work are in place. The meteorological department is responsible for weather monitoring, forecasting and early warning, and timely notify all departments of the forecast; Radio and Television Bureau, electric power company, Tianneng gas company, Gan Qing water supply and drainage company, communication company and other units strengthen inspection and maintenance of pipeline lines, conduct comprehensive inspection and maintenance of radio and television, power supply, water supply, gas supply, communication and other infrastructure, and implement preventive measures to prevent large-scale and long-term power outages; Tourism, culture and sports departments should strengthen the safety management of facilities and equipment in various tourist attractions, timely repair and reinforce them to ensure the safety of tourists; The health department should make good preparations for medical assistance to meet the needs of the masses for medical treatment.
Further establish and improve the procurement and allocation system of emergency relief materials, reserve necessary relief materials, and equip with necessary disaster relief management equipment and equipment to ensure disaster relief needs. Strengthen the duty system, implement the 24-hour duty and leadership shift system, pay attention to the weather changes at any time, closely follow the disaster process, and ensure smooth communication.
3. How to prevent and deal with freezing disasters caused by low temperature rain and snow?
Blizzard is a natural phenomenon that snow covers a large area due to long-term heavy snowfall.
/kloc-within 0/2 hours, the snowfall will reach more than 4 mm, and the meteorological department began to issue a blue warning signal for blizzard. Blizzard and its accompanying gale and cooling weather have seriously affected and even destroyed lifeline projects such as traffic, communication and transmission lines, resulting in power cuts and water cuts in cities, collapse of buildings, freezing of crops and livestock, and serious disasters.
For such disastrous weather, the meteorological department will timely issue different levels of warning signals according to the snowfall and its impact. Blizzard warning signal is divided into four levels, from weak to strong with blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.
In case of snowstorm, kindergartens, schools, etc. Temporary avoidance measures should be taken, and classes should be suspended or closed if necessary. If it is a dangerous old house, it should be evacuated in time. If the flat roof of 50 square meters is one foot thick, it will bear more than two tons of weight, so don't stay in an unstable and unsafe building on snowy days.
Before the blizzard comes, it is necessary to reduce outdoor activities, especially to minimize the number of vehicles going out. Airports, highways and ferry terminals may be suspended or closed. Before going out, listen to and watch the snowstorm warning information released by the meteorological department in time, so as to cancel and adjust the travel plan as needed.
When going out, take measures to prevent cold, keep warm and prevent skid. Try not to wear hard soles or flat shoes when walking.
People of all ages and infirmities should try to reduce going out to avoid falling down and catching a cold. When approaching billboards, eaves and trees, pay attention to observation or detour to avoid injury due to melting and falling of ice and snow.
Non-motor vehicles should deflate a small amount of tires to increase the friction between tires and roads. Drivers should obey the command of the traffic police, obey the traffic guidance arrangements, drive slowly, and keep a safe distance from the car in front.
Slow down before turning to avoid sudden braking. If possible, install snow chains and wear colored glasses.
After the traffic accident, obvious signs should be set up at the rear of the scene to prevent serial collisions. If you are trapped by snow, you should call 1 10, 1 19 as soon as possible to actively seek rescue.
In addition, residents should actively cooperate with relevant departments to clean up the snow on roads and roofs near their homes or units. Transportation, railway, electric power, communications and other departments patrol and maintain roads, railways and lines, and relevant departments make emergency preparations for coal, electricity and oil transportation in advance.
For scaffolding and other structures, attention should be paid to reinforcement to avoid being crushed by snow. Farming and pastoral areas, planting and aquaculture should reserve feed in advance, prepare for snow disaster and freezing injury, and the affected farming and pastoral areas should do a good job in disaster relief in time.
When the freezing rain temperature is lower than 0℃ and the rain drops on the very cold wires, trees, houses and the ground near the ground, the phenomenon of freezing into ice immediately is called freezing rain. In meteorology, this frozen object is called rain, and in the south, freezing rain is called "ice".
Freezing rain mostly occurs in winter and early spring. If the air layer temperature about two kilometers near the ground is slightly lower than 0℃, and the air layer temperature from two kilometers to four kilometers is higher than 0℃, it is warmer, and the upper layer is lower than 0℃. In this atmosphere, supercooled water droplets, ice crystals and snowflakes below 0℃ in the upper layer of clouds fall into the warmer air layer, become liquid water droplets, and then fall into the low-temperature layer near the ground. When they are ready to freeze, they will encounter the cold near the ground.
Freezing rain is a strange natural phenomenon. Although it fell to the ground quietly, it was extremely harmful. Since June 5438+1October 12, 2008, the temperature in Guizhou has plummeted from northeast to southwest, and freezing rain has occurred in many places, which has exceeded the historical limit. In some places, the thickness of conductor ice is more than 20 mm, and in some cases it is as thick as 80 mm.
In addition to Guizhou, freezing rain often occurs in Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu and southern Liaoning. The destructive power of freezing rain is amazing. It will destroy circuits, block traffic, crush trees, damage buildings, and frostbite plants and livestock.
When the freezing rain is severe, the ice accumulation on the 1m long conductor can exceed 1kg. A wire on two poles 40 meters apart will add tens of kilograms of extra load, and high-voltage transmission lines will accumulate more ice due to freezing rain. In addition, the vibration caused by strong wind will break wires, poles and towers, causing large-scale interruption of power and communication. In addition, freezing rain will form a thin layer of ice on the road surface, which will cause traffic accidents.
Therefore, when freezing rain occurs, it is necessary to knock and scrape the ice on wires, poles and towers in time; At the airport, it is necessary to clean up the accumulated ice on the runway and plane in time. For the accumulated ice on the expressway, timely sprinkle salt to melt the ice, and organize manpower to clean the road surface.
If an accident occurs, obvious signs should be set up at the scene of the accident. In freezing rain, people should try to go out. If you go out, you should take measures to prevent cold, keep warm and prevent slippery. Pedestrians should pay attention to stay away from or avoid motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles.
Drivers and friends should slow down in freezing rain, don't overtake, accelerate, turn sharply or brake suddenly, and install tire chains in time. Road icing As the name implies, road icing refers to the phenomenon that the ground freezes when precipitation occurs because the surface temperature of the road is lower than 0℃.
When there is freezing rain, it is more prone to road icing. When the road surface freezes, the friction between the wheels and the road surface is greatly weakened, which leads to vehicle skidding or brake failure, which leads to traffic accidents and hinders traffic operation.
In particular, the highway closure caused by road icing will seriously affect highway transportation. When the road is frozen, pedestrians are also prone to slip.
Usually, when roads are frozen, the meteorological department will issue a warning signal of road icing to the society. According to the order from weak to strong, the road icing warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.
When the road surface temperature is lower than 0℃, precipitation will occur, and road icing may occur within 12 hours, and the meteorological department will issue a yellow warning signal for road icing; Road icing may occur within 6 hours, and an orange warning signal for road icing will be issued; Road icing in red warning signal, which may appear or has appeared within 2 hours, has a great impact on traffic, is released. Traffic and public security departments will scientifically and reasonably take speed limit, * * and closure measures to direct and guide vehicles according to the degree of road icing and road conditions.
4. Natural disaster prevention measures and common sense of daily first aid
1. Work objective: By actively preventing natural disasters such as typhoon, rainstorm and extreme heat, and taking corresponding treatment measures, we will strive to minimize the losses caused by natural disasters in the management area.
2. Responsibilities 2. 1 Management Office Manager: Organize employees to carry out emergency prevention training for natural disasters and carry out publicity and education on public safety knowledge. Responsible for the handling, command and aftermath of all kinds of emergencies.
2.2 Safety supervisor: check the safety management of the company, conduct regular inspection seriously, make records, handle and report in time. All employees should firmly establish the awareness of disaster prevention and rescue, and should obey the command and actively participate in disaster relief and rescue work when natural disasters occur.
3. Work instruction 3. 1. Typhoon prevention and emergency treatment procedures 3. 1. 1 According to the climate characteristics of this area, actively carry out on-the-job training on the basic knowledge and skills of typhoon prevention and typhoon resistance for all staff and residents of the management office, and conduct simulation drills according to specific conditions. 3. 1.2 The security supervisor shall obtain typhoon information in time and post the arrival time and precautions of typhoon on the bulletin board in the management area.
Remind residents to take precautions before the typhoon, such as closing doors and windows and moving flowerpots and sundries outside the balcony to a safe area. Avoid accidents.
3. 1.3 Before the typhoon comes, urge the security guards to check whether all the doors of the unfinished building are closed properly. Whether the floor drain on the roof and balcony is unblocked, and if there are hidden dangers, it should be handled in time or reported to the superior.
3. 1.4 reinforce all trees and move potted plants to the basement or shelter. Personnel should avoid staying under the balcony and places prone to collapse.
Appropriate protective measures should be taken for employees who perform tasks. 3. 1.5 During the typhoon, the personnel on duty and emergency rescue must stick to their posts until the typhoon passes.
3. 1.6 After the typhoon, the safety supervisor shall record the relevant contents of the typhoon. 3.2 Prevention and emergency treatment of thunderstorm 3.2. 1 According to the season.
The management office regularly trains residents and employees on the basic knowledge and skills of lightning storm attacks. 3.2.2 Conduct regular publicity and education on lightning protection and storm prevention for business households to enhance their awareness and ability to prevent and resist thunderstorm disasters.
3.2.3 Before the thunderstorm comes, operators wearing cold clothes on the balcony should be informed to get their clothes back to avoid getting wet. 3.2.4 Check the flood control equipment in time, grasp the weather changes in time, and check whether all roof ditches and floor drains are unblocked.
Inform the maintenance class to check whether the submersible pump is running normally. 3.2.5 Check the elevator operation in time to see if there is water inflow.
If there is any abnormality, lift the elevator to the top floor in time, and report to the management office, maintenance class and elevator team to do a good job in emergency rescue. 3.2.6 Find the water source immediately and check the power facilities and equipment near the site.
In case of immersion, immediately cut off the power supply to prevent equipment damage and electric leakage from hurting people. 3.2.7 Establish a fast and effective flood fighting and rescue team to ensure the personal and property safety of operators.
3.2.8 Before the thunderstorm, security guards in the basement should lay non-slip carpets and set anti-slip signs. 3.2.9 Make quality records of relevant aspects.
3.3 Prevention and Emergency Procedures for Persistent Extremely Hot Weather 3.3. 1 According to the characteristics of seasonal climate in this area, timely train employees on knowledge of preventing extreme hot weather disasters. 3.3.2 During the high temperature period, the operators shall be given various forms of heatstroke prevention and cooling publicity and education in time.
3.3.3 Grasp the information forecast of extreme high temperature weather in time. And inform all businesses and employees to pay attention to going out and try to avoid direct sunlight to avoid heatstroke.
3.3.4 When the weather continues to be extremely hot, pay attention to electricity safety. Increase the propaganda of fire protection knowledge of business households and improve the fire protection awareness of all employees.
3.3.5 Let the maintenance team inspect and maintain the line regularly and irregularly, so as to minimize the load of the line and ensure safety. 3.3.6 Check the ventilation situation everywhere.
Do a good job of self-protection and master self-help methods. Call the emergency number "120" or the nearest Red Cross Hospital: * * * * * (switchboard) and the emergency number: * * * * * for emergency treatment. 3.4 Emergency Handling Procedure 3.4. 1 When the security guard on duty finds a fight between operators within the jurisdiction, if one party has a weapon in his hand, he should immediately dissuade him from putting it down.
The security officer on duty should actively discourage both parties from leaving the scene to ease the contradiction. And report to the supervision and management office in time.
If it can be determined that it is a violation of public security administration or a criminal act, it should be reported to the public security organ in time, or the perpetrator should be handed over to the public security organ for handling. 3.4.2 When criminal security and theft cases occur in residents' homes, the security guard on duty shall report to the security monitor, security supervisor, management office, company security department and public security organ in time. 3.4.3 Be vigilant, prevent bad guys from destroying or stealing property, persuade and discourage onlookers from leaving, and ensure the normal security order in the security target area.
If the property infringed by the owner has been insured, it shall also notify the insurance company. 3.4.4 Seize the opportunity to learn about the discovery of cases and accidents from the discoverer or the surrounding people, collect the feedback and opinions of the masses, learn in detail and carefully record them.
3.4.5 Take appropriate measures to protect the whole site according to the specific situation, and prohibit personnel from entering the site before the public security personnel arrive, so as not to destroy the traces and physical evidence left by the site and affect the evidence collection. 3.4.6 For the major suspected stolen scene, the information reflected by the victims and witnesses can be retrieved, the suspected perpetrators can be restrained by covert surveillance, and detailed reports can be made to the public security organs.
3.4.7 In case of criminal acts of forcibly seizing or destroying the property of companies and businesses by openly using violence or other means (such as beating, smashing and robbing), the security duties shall be earnestly performed. 3.4.8 Quickly stop criminals.
Keep calm, try to subdue criminals, and immediately send a signal to summon nearby security guards or the masses for support. If you encounter criminal robbery in the building, you should immediately notify the lobby to close.
See clearly the number of people, clothes, appearance, physical characteristics, means of transportation and characteristics used, and report to the management office, the company security department and the public security organ in time. At the same time, you can call the 24-hour duty telephone number of the police station in the jurisdiction: * * * * * * *, or call "1 10" to call the police. 3.4.9 Articles and tools left by criminals. Should be extracted with gloves or other tools, and then properly stored in a white paper bag, handed over to the public security organs for handling.
Never leave fingerprints of security guards or others on the remains. Visit witnesses in time, collect information about robbery and provide it to public security organs. Not until the public security personnel have investigated the scene or completed the on-site investigation.
5. Countermeasures for snow and ice disasters
In order to minimize the impact and loss of sudden disasters, efforts should be made in the following aspects:
First, establish a perfect disaster prediction system. It is the most important part of disaster prevention and mitigation to make an accurate prediction of upcoming disasters in time. Timely and accurate prediction can make the broad masses of the people make material and spiritual preparations in advance, so as to cope with disasters calmly. Many countries have successful experience in this regard. For example, in the 1990s, Germany established a disaster prevention center composed of meteorological, electric power and transportation departments to forecast and monitor heavy snowfall and other emergencies.
Second, strengthen the publicity of public knowledge on disaster prevention and mitigation. Make people fully understand the self-protection methods to deal with various disasters, give full play to their subjective initiative in the process of waiting for rescue, and try their best to protect the safety of life and property through self-help and mutual rescue, instead of passively waiting for rescue and being at a loss.
Third, improve the construction of disaster response system. This is also the most important point, which is directly related to a country's ability to resist disasters. The state should establish a complete disaster response mechanism, and corresponding institutions should be established at all levels. At present, the work function of civil air defense is changing to the civil defense function of preventing air strikes in wartime and disasters in peacetime. Therefore, disaster prevention and mitigation has become one of the most important tasks of the civil air defense department. Civil air defense departments at all levels can set up disaster prevention and mitigation agencies to form an emergency command network. Civil air defense departments should give full play to their advantages, increase the content of disaster prevention and mitigation in the process of popularizing civil air defense knowledge, rationally arrange funds, purchase disaster prevention equipment and reserve disaster prevention materials, and conduct regular disaster prevention drills under the guidance of emergency plans.
Fourth, infrastructure construction in peacetime (including electricity, railways, highway traffic, etc. ), we should fully consider the possible impact of various disasters. To be ahead, we must replace the old equipment in time, and the structural resistance level should be able to meet the test of disasters once in 50 years or even once in a hundred years.
6. How to prevent rain, snow and freezing disasters?
Improve the emergency plan for low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters, and further improve the organization and command institutions.
Further clarify functions and responsibilities, ensure that institutions at all levels really play their functional roles, and ensure that leaders, responsibilities and work are in place. The meteorological department is responsible for weather monitoring, forecasting and early warning, and timely notify all departments of the forecast; Radio and Television Bureau, electric power company, Tianneng gas company, Gan Qing water supply and drainage company, communication company and other units strengthen inspection and maintenance of pipeline lines, conduct comprehensive inspection and maintenance of radio and television, power supply, water supply, gas supply, communication and other infrastructure, and implement preventive measures to prevent large-scale and long-term power outages; Tourism, culture and sports departments should strengthen the safety management of facilities and equipment in various tourist attractions, timely repair and reinforce them to ensure the safety of tourists; The health department should make good preparations for medical assistance to meet the needs of the masses for medical treatment.
Further establish and improve the procurement and allocation system of emergency relief materials, reserve necessary relief materials, and equip with necessary disaster relief management equipment and equipment to ensure disaster relief needs. Strengthen the duty system, implement the 24-hour duty and leadership shift system, pay attention to the weather changes at any time, closely follow the disaster process, and ensure smooth communication.
7. What disasters did the snowstorm cause? Safety knowledge that primary school students must know.
What are the disasters caused by snowstorm: the common sense of safety that primary school students must know
Parents should shoulder the responsibility of protecting their children during holidays in order to make them walk safely with their children and grow up healthily and happily.
1, the impact on the local economy
The local traffic was interrupted, the transportation of products and raw materials was blocked, and production came to a standstill, which greatly affected the local GDP.
The transportation of coal and electricity is blocked, and the power plant is stopped or semi-stopped, which directly affects the local power transmission production. Power failure, production stoppage. For those continuous production, which brings huge losses, such as petrochemical, chemical, paper and other continuous production industries. When repairing roads, wires, poles, iron towers, vehicles and other items are directly lost, and vegetables, fruits and grain are lost.
According to the calculation of annual output 10 month, this disaster is equivalent to a total suspension of production for about 30 days, and the direct impact on China's GDP is =30/300 * 10%.
The World Bank estimates that China's GDP in 2008 was about 10%, so it will be reduced to about 9% due to the snowstorm.
2, the impact on the environment
After the snow disaster melts, the groundwater level rises, and disasters such as schistosomiasis are prone to occur in Jiangxi and Hunan.
Sprinkle salt and snow melting agent on the road to remove snow, and the salt will dissolve into the soil, leading to the hardening and deterioration of groundwater quality and soil quality.
3, the impact on the system
Blizzard caused problems in the supply of staple food and non-staple food. Forcing the state to adopt the policy of compulsory price increase is a test for producers and operators and does not conform to market rules.
4. Human influence
Millions of migrant workers can't go back to their hometown during the Spring Festival, psychological problems, marital feelings and other family problems.