The origin of the first frost
Every year around Gregorian calendar 10 year 10, when the sun reaches the longitude of 2 10 degrees, it is the first frost in the 24 solar terms. The first frost is the last solar term in autumn, which is the transition from autumn to winter. There is a lot of heat dissipation on the ground in autumn, and the temperature suddenly drops below 0 degrees. The water vapor in the air of frosted plants directly condenses on the ground or plants to form fine ice needles, and some become hexagonal frost flowers, which are white and loose in structure.
"Twenty-four solar terms" said that the first frost: in mid-September, the gas was cold and condensed, and the dew became frost. "First frost" means that the weather is getting colder and the dew condenses into frost. In ancient China, the first frost was divided into three stages: first, the jackal sacrificed animals; Second, the vegetation is yellow; Three stings are salty. The jackal began to catch prey, sacrifice animals, and return books to heaven with animals, paving the way for sacrificing autumn gold; The leaves on the earth turned yellow and fell; The stinging insects are motionless in the cave and hang their heads into hibernation.
First frost (one of the 24 solar terms)? [Shuang Jiang]
Every year, 65438+1October 23rd is the "first frost" of the traditional solar term in China. The first frost solar term means that the weather is getting colder and the first frost appears. It is the last solar term in autumn and also means the beginning of winter. Health care is particularly important in the first frost season. There is a folk proverb that "it is better to make up the first frost one year", which shows the influence of this solar term on us.
How did the first frost come about? Every year around Gregorian calendar1October 23rd, when the sun reaches the longitude of 2 10 degrees, it is the first frost in the 24 solar terms. The first frost is the last solar term in autumn, which is the transition from autumn to winter. There is a lot of heat dissipation on the ground in autumn, and the temperature suddenly drops below 0 degrees. Water vapor in the air directly condenses on the ground or plants to form fine ice needles, and some become hexagonal frost flowers, which are white and loose in structure.
"Twenty-four solar terms" said that the first frost: in mid-September, the gas was cold and condensed, and the dew became frost. At this time, there has been frost in the Yellow River Basin of China, and a piece of silver ice crystals is shining in the fertile fields. At this time, the leaves turned yellow and fell. The ancient book "Twenty-four solar terms" said: "Qi stagnates at the beginning of frost, and Yin begins to coagulate". It can be seen that the "first frost" means that the weather is getting colder and the dew condenses into frost. In ancient China, the first frost was divided into three stages: first, the jackal sacrificed animals; Second, the vegetation is yellow; Three stings are salty. The jackal began to catch prey, sacrifice animals, and sacrifice to heaven to repay the kindness of animals, paving the way for sacrificing autumn gold; The leaves on the earth turned yellow and fell; The stinging insects are motionless in the cave and hang their heads into hibernation.
"The first frost in the first frost" reflects the climate characteristics of the Yellow River Basin. As far as the annual frost days are concerned, there are frost and snow in some parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau even in summer, and the annual frost days are over 200, which is the place with the largest number of frost days in China. * * * The annual frost days in the east, southern Qinghai, Qilian Mountain, western Sichuan Plateau, northwestern Yunnan, Tianshan Mountain, Altai Mountain, western mountainous area of northern Xinjiang, northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia all exceed 100 days, and the vast areas south of Huaihe River, Hanshui River and eastern slope of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are all below 50 days, south of 25 north latitude, only about/kloc-0 in Fuzhou, Sichuan Basin.
"The first frost kills a hundred herbs", plants that have been hit by severe frost have no vitality at all. This is because the liquid in plants forms ice crystals due to frost, protein precipitates, and the water in cells extravasates, which makes the protoplasm seriously dehydrated and deteriorated. "The wind knife and frost force the sword", which shows the ruthlessness and cruelty of frost. In fact, frost and frost are inseparable, but it is "freezing" that harms crops, not "frost". Someone once tried to put two leaves of a plant in a box Y with the same low temperature, one of which was frosted and the other was not frosted. Results The leaves were seriously damaged in frost-free period, but there were only slight frost marks in frost period. This shows that frost can not only harm crops, on the contrary, when water vapor condenses, it can also release a lot of heat. 0 g of steam at 1℃ condenses into water, and the heat of vaporization released is 667 calories, which will turn heavy frost into light frost and light frost into dew to avoid frostbite.
The origin of the first first frost Festival? First frost-it's getting colder and colder, and it's frosting. The first frost usually occurs on the 23rd day of the Gregorian calendar 10 year 10. At this time, the first frost usually appears in the Yellow River basin in China, and most areas are busy planting crops such as three wheat.
In ancient China, the first frost was divided into three stages: "One stage was that the jackal sacrificed animals; Second, the vegetation is yellow; Three waiting insects are salty. " In this solar term, jackals will show their prey before eating; The leaves on the earth turned yellow and fell; The stinging insects are motionless in the cave and hang their heads into hibernation.
Every year, around Gregorian calendar 10 year 10 23rd, when the sun reaches longitude 2 10 degrees, it is the first frost. The first frost said that the weather was colder and the dew condensed into frost. "Twenty-four solar terms": "In mid-September, the essence is cold and condensed, and dew cream". At this time, frost has appeared in the Yellow River Basin of China, and a silver ice crystal shines in the fields thousands of miles away. At this time, the leaves turned yellow and fell. The ancient book "Twenty-four solar terms" says: "When the frost comes, the yin begins to coagulate." It can be seen that "first frost" means that the weather is getting colder and it begins to frost.
The origin of the first frost 100 words. Every year 10 is the first frost. Many people don't know about the first frost and don't think it is a festival, but people in a small town on the Sino-Vietnamese border attach great importance to this festival. They attach great importance to this unique festival every year, and their enthusiasm for this festival is no less than the Spring Festival.
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People in Xia Lei Town are simple and hospitable. Especially in the first frost festival, friends from all over the world are welcome to their homes these days. The more people, the more popular it is, indicating that this family is popular.
At this time of year, many businessmen come to town to do business. From street to street, tents are set up in front of every household for businessmen to rent places to do business, which is very lively. The surrounding villagers will come to town to buy the goods they need. Everyone is willing to buy materials these days. The prosperous time will last for about 5 days. There are many activities to provide entertainment for everyone. Friends in town these days can have fun and enjoy themselves.
Xia Lei Town is located 56 kilometers southwest of Daxin County, connected with Shuolong Town in the southeast, Hurun Town in Jingxi County in Baise District in the northwest, Tiandeng Town in the northeast and Vietnam in the southwest. The boundary line is12.7km long, with 54, 55, 56 and 57 boundary markers. Xia Lei Street, where the town is located, is located beside the Heishui River, only 8 kilometers away from the Sino-Vietnamese border, and the provincial road Gujing Line passes through the border, so it is known as the "border town".
What day of the year is the first frost on 20 16? The first frost time is123 October 20 16 17: 45: 30, and 20 16 September 23.
The origin of the first frost
Every year around Gregorian calendar 10 year 10.24, when the sun reaches longitude 2 10 degrees, it is the first frost in the 24 solar terms. The first frost is the last solar term in autumn, which is the transition from autumn to winter. There is a lot of heat dissipation on the ground in autumn, and the temperature suddenly drops below 0 degrees. Water vapor in the air directly condenses on the ground or plants to form fine ice needles, and some become hexagonal frost flowers, which are white and loose in structure.
"Twenty-four solar terms" said that the first frost: in mid-September, the gas was cold and condensed, and the dew became frost. At this time, frost has appeared in the Yellow River Basin of China, and a piece of silver ice crystals is shining in the fields thousands of miles away. At this time, the leaves turned yellow and fell. The ancient book "Twenty-four solar terms" said: "Qi stagnates at the beginning of frost, and Yin begins to coagulate". It can be seen that the "first frost" means that the weather is getting colder and the dew condenses into frost. In ancient China, the first frost was divided into three stages: first, the jackal sacrificed animals; Second, the vegetation is yellow; Three stings are salty. The jackal began to catch prey, sacrifice animals, and return books to heaven with animals, paving the way for sacrificing autumn gold; The leaves on the earth turned yellow and fell; The stinging insects are motionless in the cave and hang their heads into hibernation.
Climatic characteristics of the first frost.
1. Southwest and other places: the rainy period has begun.
From 1 1, the autumn rain in West China basically ended and entered a period of little rain in a year. Some southwest areas are located in plateaus, some in basins and hills, and the weather will naturally be different. But in general, the average temperature at this time has not reached the standard of winter, that is, it is not as humid as summer, nor as dry as spring, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is not as obvious as spring. It should be said that it is a more comfortable time of the year. Sichuan basin, during this period, the climate is mild, and the fields are green and orange. Su Shi, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, said in a poem: "Thousands of trees are yellow, and only Furong is alone." Trees and hibiscus are in full bloom, making the rich "Tianfu" more gorgeous.
2. Northwest, Northeast and other places: weather characteristics in early winter.
In the late period of 10-in the early period of10, the northwest and northeast regions of China have shown the scene of cold wind and falling leaves in early winter. Cold air is not only a frequent visitor, but also the first guest received in these areas. Generally, cold air is either dry wind or rain and snow, and cooling is a specialty that every batch of cold air should send. Since China has entered a warmer period since the mid-1980s, extremely strong cold air is rare. However, when encountering strong cold air, the minimum temperature drops to -7, -8℃, or even lower than-10℃, and the cold wind dances with snowflakes, which also makes people feel cold. In a few cases, local heavy snow is easy to form a blizzard, and the northerly wind in the northern sea area is also worthy of attention.
Cold air is not useless. Whenever it passes by, the sky is clear, the air is fresh and the sun is shining. Some people call cold air a cleaner of urban air pollution, which is really worthy of the name. In lakes, forest areas, valleys and other places with high humidity, people can sometimes witness the exquisite, white and elegant rime figure with their own eyes.
Are there any customs and legends about solar terms in the first frost? "Twenty-four solar terms" said that the first frost: in mid-September, the gas was cold and condensed, and the dew became frost. At this time, frost has appeared in the Yellow River Basin of China, and a piece of silver ice crystals is shining in the fields thousands of miles away. At this time, the leaves turned yellow and fell. The ancient book "Twenty-four solar terms" said: "Qi stagnates at the beginning of frost, and Yin begins to coagulate". It can be seen that the "first frost" means that the weather is getting colder and the dew condenses into frost. In ancient China, the first frost was divided into three stages: first, the jackal sacrificed animals; Second, the vegetation is yellow; Three stings are salty. The jackal began to catch prey, sacrifice animals, and return books to heaven with animals, paving the way for sacrificing autumn gold; The leaves on the earth turned yellow and fell; The stinging insects are motionless in the cave and hang their heads into hibernation.
Shanxi: cold dew catches autumn ploughing, and autumn harvest and autumn planting are not relaxed. Picking cotton, planing potatoes, returning wheat and watering in autumn are going on very quickly. Water afforestation to collect feed and exchange yam seeds in different places.
Hebei: first frost and cold dew, harvesting soybeans. Pay close attention to the battle and put it in storage in time. Late-crop wheat, surprise sowing. Harvest the grass so that you can feed the animals. Spinach and rape, plant a few acres. Next spring, you can harvest early.
Shandong: As soon as the first frost arrived, it turned cold. Catch the harvest, sweet potatoes and peanuts. Cut the melon while the weather is fine. Sweet potatoes can't relax when they enter the cellar. Check carefully the seedling situation in the wheat field. Lack of seedlings and broken ridges, replanting in time.
Xinjiang: cold dew in October, first frost, crisp autumn air and cool autumn wind. The first frost in northern Xinjiang is in the early stage, and the first frost in southern Xinjiang is autumn frost. Pay close attention to autumn irrigation and winter irrigation, and quickly store the fruits of labor. Livestock are fattened and propagated, and forage is transported to winter fields.
Jiangsu: There is no green rice in the cold dew, and the first frost falls.
Shanghai: In October, the cold dew welcomes the first frost, and the autumn harvest is busy in winter. The late rice threshed cotton turns over and basks in the sun, and the harvest is fine.
Anhui, cold dew and bumper harvest, the first frost turned over the ground.
Hunan:/kloc-frost arrives in early October, harvesting late rice and digging potatoes.
Fujian: The cold dew and frost come in October, and the fragrant rice is yellow. The winter planting plan is full of fat and tool rice is added.
The origin of the twenty-four solar terms is a precious scientific heritage created by Chinese ancestors after thousands of years of practice. It is a tool to reflect the changes of weather, climate and phenology and master the farming season.
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China was able to measure the length of the sun's shadow at noon with a soil gauge (a pole was erected on the plane), thus determining four solar terms: winter solstice, summer solstice, vernal equinox and autumn equinox. In a year, the shortest day of the noon soil return shadow is the summer solstice, the longest day is the winter solstice, and the shadow with moderate length is the vernal equinox or autumn equinox. The Book of History in the Spring and Autumn Period recorded the solar terms. The twenty-four solar terms are completely recorded in Huainanzi written by Liu An in the Western Han Dynasty. In ancient China, the lunar calendar was used to record time, and the solar calendar was used to divide the 24 solar terms of spring, summer, autumn and winter. Our ancestors called five days 1, and three days were called solar terms. The whole year was divided into 72 days out of 24 solar terms.
With continuous observation, analysis and summary, the division of solar terms is gradually enriched and scientific. By the Qin and Han dynasties more than 2000 years ago, a complete concept of 24 solar terms had been formed.
In ancient times, a year was divided into twelve months, and each month had two solar terms. The former is solar terms, while the latter is neutral. For example, beginning of spring is the first month's festival, and it rains in the first month. Later generations called solar terms and neutral gas solar terms.
The names of the 24 solar terms are: beginning of spring, Rain, Sting, Vernal Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Changxia, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Chushu, Bailu, Autumnal Equinox, Cold Dew, Chufrost, beginning of winter, Light Snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold and Severe Cold.
The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun starting from the vernal equinox (longitude zero, at this moment the sun shines vertically on the equator), every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; After a week's operation, I returned to the vernal equinox, which is a tropical year with 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. The dates of solar terms are relatively fixed in the solar calendar. For example, beginning of spring in the solar calendar always falls between February 3rd and 5th. However, in the lunar calendar, the date of solar terms is not easy to determine. Take beginning of spring as an example. It can be the first day of the lunar calendar in the previous year, 65438+February 15, and the latest is the first month, 15.
It can be seen from the naming of the twenty-four solar terms that the division of solar terms fully considers the changes of natural phenomena such as seasons, climate and phenology. Among them, beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn, beginning of winter, vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are used to reflect the seasons, and a year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are divided from an astronomical point of view, reflecting the turning point of solar height change. Beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter reflect the beginning of the four seasons. Because China is a vast country with a very obvious monsoon and continental climate, the weather and climate vary greatly from place to place, so the four seasons in different regions are also very different.
The five solar terms of slight summer heat, great summer heat, slight cold and severe cold reflect the change of temperature and are used to express the degree of heat and cold in different periods of the year; Rain, Grain Rain, light snow and heavy snow reflect the phenomenon of precipitation, indicating the time and intensity of rainfall and snowfall; The three solar terms, White Dew, Cold Dew and First Frost, on the surface reflect the phenomenon of condensation and condensation of water vapor, but in essence reflect the process and degree of gradual temperature drop: when the temperature drops to a certain extent, water vapor condenses; The continuous drop in temperature not only increases condensation, but also gets colder and colder; When the temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius, water vapor condenses into frost.
Xiaoman and awn seeds reflect the maturity and harvest of related crops; Frightening and Qingming reflect natural phenological phenomena, especially stinging, which indicates that spring will return with the recovery of early thunder in the sky and underground stinging insects.
Twenty-four agricultural songs about the climate of the twenty-four solar terms in Hua Xinfeng: From the first frost, it is said that "slight cold" is colder than "great cold"
Talk about the customs and climate of the summer solstice; The climate and customs of winter solstice.
The origin of the twenty-four solar terms;
As early as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, our people had the concepts of south to Japan and north to Japan. Subsequently, people divided the year into 24 equal parts according to the natural phenomena such as the running position of the sun and the moon at the beginning and middle of the month, the weather and the growth of animals and plants. And give each equal part a proper noun, that is, twenty-four solar terms. By the end of the Warring States Period, solar terms had eight names: beginning of spring, Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice. These eight solar terms are the most important of the 24 solar terms. Mark the seasonal changes and clearly divide the four seasons of the year.
By the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established.
The book Huai Nan Zi has exactly the same name as the modern twenty-four solar terms.
In BC 104, the taichu calendar written by Deng Ping officially set 24 solar terms in the calendar, and defined the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms.
In ancient times, solar terms were called "qi", and there were two qi in each month: the former was called "solar terms" and the latter was called "neutral qi". The monthly distribution of the 24 solar terms is shown in the following table, which is closely related to the arrangement of the lunar leap month. In the lunar calendar, beginning of spring is the first of the 24 solar terms. The names of the 24 solar terms are named according to the place pointed by Dougang and the natural climate and landscape at that time. The so-called fighting means that the three stars of the Big Dipper, Kuixing, Xingxing and Yuxing, point to different directions and positions with the movement of celestial bodies, and the positions they refer to are the months they represent. For example, the first month is cloudy, dusk refers to cloudy, midnight refers to cloudy, and daytime refers to cloudy. February is the base, at dusk, at midnight, during the day, and so on.