I would like to ask about the monthly temperature and precipitation data in 2005~~ It would be best to have the temperature data in Shenzhen~
The main characteristics of Shenzhen’s climate in 2005 are “less rainfall at the front and more in the middle, low temperatures in winter and spring and high temperatures in summer and autumn, and more disaster weather and less typhoons.” That is, the rainfall from January to April and October to December is significantly less, the flood season is late, and the rainfall is more from May to September; the temperature in winter and spring is low, the summer and autumn are constantly high, and the high temperature appears in July, September, and October. Both broke the highest record for the same period in history. There are many disastrous weather: cold New Year's Day, continuous fog, drought in autumn, winter and spring, heavy rain, severe thunderstorms, wind and hail, high temperature, haze and other disastrous weather occur alternately, but the impact of typhoons is relatively weak.
Term notes:
1. Multi-year average - statistical average from 1971 to 2000
2. Too much (less/high/low) - —Refers to the multi-year average compared to the same period
3. Historical records — Since records began, Shenzhen meteorological records began on July 1, 1952
4. Heavy rain—— Daily rainfall 50-99.9 millimeters (mm)
5. Heavy rainstorm - daily rainfall 100-249.9 millimeters (mm)
6. Extraordinary heavy rain - daily rainfall ≥ 250 millimeters (mm) )
7. High temperature - daily maximum temperature ≥35℃
8. Low temperature - daily minimum temperature ≤5℃
9. Strong wind - gusty wind Wind speed ≥17.2 meters/second (m/s)
10. Haze - turbid air, relative humidity <70%
1. Basic climate conditions
1. Precipitation is slightly more than normal and unevenly distributed in space and time
The annual rainfall in Shenzhen in 2005 was 2143.6 mm, which was 9% more than the previous average. The rainfall period during the year was unevenly distributed. In May and June The precipitation in July and August was about 60% higher, the precipitation in July and September was the same, and the precipitation in other months was less. The dry season has a distinct rainy season, and the precipitation from January to April was only 112.6 mm, which was 64% less than the same period in history (315.0 mm), making the drought that lasted from 2004 to the spring of 2005 even more severe. The start of the flood season has been postponed to May and August (the average start of the flood season is April 18). The cumulative rainfall during the flood season (April-September) reached 2037.7 millimeters, which was 23% more than the same period in history and 1.9 times the rainfall during the flood season in 2004. It was also one of the 13 wet years in Shenzhen's recorded history in which the rainfall during the flood season exceeded 2000 millimeters. However, after entering October, the rainfall decreased sharply, and the rainfall from October to December was 79% less. The annual number of precipitation days is 127, which is 17 days less. The maximum daily rainfall in the year is 240.0 mm, which occurred on August 20.
95% of the rainfall in 2005 occurred during the flood season. Judging from the distribution of rainfall from April to September, it is generally more in the east and less in the west. The cumulative rainfall in most areas in the eastern part of Longgang District exceeds 2,000 mm. The rainfall in Bagang and Kuichong areas exceeded 2,400 millimeters, while the rainfall in the northern Baoan District and southern Nanshan District was less than 1,500 millimeters.
2. The average temperature is relatively high, with significant changes in hot and cold conditions.
The annual average temperature in Shenzhen in 2005 was 23.2℃, which was 0.7℃ higher than the multi-year average temperature. It was the highest temperature since 1986. This is the 20th consecutive warm year, but since 1997, the average temperature in 2005 was relatively low. The annual average maximum temperature is basically the same as the historical average maximum temperature; the annual average minimum temperature is 21.0°C, which is 1.4°C higher than the historical average temperature. The annual extreme maximum temperature was 37.3°C, which occurred on July 19 and was the third highest in history. There were 6 days with high temperatures (≥35°C). Among them, the high temperatures of 35.6°C and 35.2°C occurred on September 22 and October 2 respectively, both breaking the highest records for the same period in history. It was the latest high-temperature weather in the history of meteorological records. The annual extreme minimum temperature of 3.4°C occurred on January 1, making it the coldest New Year's Day in the past 30 years.
3. There is a serious lack of sunshine, setting a historical record
In 2005, the annual sunshine hours in Shenzhen were only 1,574.3 hours, 359.5 hours less than the multi-year average, and the lowest value in history. . Among them, the shortage in the first quarter and the second quarter is more obvious, with a shortage of 126.0 and 150.7 hours respectively. The main reason for the serious shortage of sunshine hours is that our city experienced three low-temperature and rainy weather processes in the first quarter, and a rare three-day continuous fog occurred from February 23 to 25. After entering the rainy season, frequent and continuous rainfall in our city is also a major reason for the lack of sunshine. From April to September, there were 36 days without sunshine.
4. The relative humidity is extremely low, hitting record lows
The average relative humidity in Shenzhen in 2005 was only 70%, breaking the record of the driest year in history set just last year. . Only February in the whole year has a relative humidity that is slightly higher than the same period in history. The average relative humidity in the other months is significantly lower than the same period in history (Figure 6); among them, the minimum relative humidity recorded by the Municipal Meteorological Observatory on December 17 and 22 It was 11%, breaking the lowest record for the same period in history.
2. Major meteorological disasters and major weather events
The meteorological disaster events that had a significant impact on Shenzhen in 2005 were: the drought that lasted from 2004 to April 2005, the drought in February Continuous heavy fog, localized heavy rain on May 19, continuous heavy rain on June 21-24 and heavy rain on August 20, small tornado on May 9, hail on April 25, June 22 and July 20 As well as the severe thunderstorm on August 13, the continuous high temperature from July 18 to 20, and the abnormal high temperature in autumn on September 22 and October 2, there were 6 tropical cyclone peripheral circulations that affected our city, but had no direct impact. According to incomplete statistics, eight people died this year as a direct result of meteorological disasters or derivative disasters (strong winds, lightning strikes, landslides, etc.).
1. Drought
Although the annual rainfall in 2005 was higher than the previous average, the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall was extremely uneven. Among them, the cumulative rainfall from January to April was 64% less than the same period in history. Since April 2004, rainfall has been less for 13 consecutive months, making the drought more serious. It is the worst drought year in 52 years, second only to 1963. The rainfall in the fourth quarter was 36.2 mm, 78.8% less than normal, indicating a moderate drought in autumn and winter.
In order to solve the ongoing severe drought, from March 13 to early May, our city launched the "Increase Rainfall and Relieve Drought" operation, with a total of 11 operational flights, with a flight time of about 25 hours,** *Spread 176 pieces of smoke tube catalyst. Figure 6 shows one of the aircraft operation tracks. Based on the average rainfall increase efficiency of 10%-15% calculated by authoritative departments, the city-wide increase in water storage reached more than 19.5 million cubic meters. At the same time, it effectively increased the soil moisture content, purified the air, and played a role in protecting and improving the city's ecological environment. to a positive effect.
2. Heavy fog
Shenzhen experienced 4 days of heavy fog this year, the most in the past 10 years. Among them, there was a rare three consecutive days of heavy fog from February 23 to 25. The minimum visibility was only 100 meters, which was the lowest record in history. It was also the longest foggy weather process and the second longest in the city’s 53-year history. appears. Heavy foggy weather caused nearly 200 flight delays in our city, 16 of which were canceled. The Meiguan Expressway was closed for a time, and the number of traffic accidents increased sharply, resulting in 11 deaths.
3. Heavy rain
After entering the flood season in 2005, our city frequently experienced local heavy rainfall, continuous rainstorms and heavy rainstorms. The number of rainstorm days per year reached 13, which was the fourth highest number on record. High value. The Municipal Meteorological Observatory has issued heavy rain signals many times, and issued a black rainstorm signal for the first time on August 20, 2005, when the maximum daily rainfall occurred.
From 6 to 8 a.m. on May 19, the cumulative rainfall at Nanshan Station reached 177 mm, and the hourly rainfall reached 60.7 mm from 3 to 4 a.m.. Heavy rainfall occurred again from 7 to 8 a.m., with an hourly rainfall of 44.1 mm. The short-term heavy rainfall and the impact of topography caused serious road flooding and traffic jams in Nantou, with the deepest water accumulation reaching 2 meters. Due to traffic jams, some passengers were unable to arrive at the airport in time, causing 18 flights to be delayed. In addition, students arriving at the school were trapped in water, walls collapsed, and signal lights malfunctioned.
The cumulative rainfall of the Municipal Meteorological Observatory reached 204.9 mm from June 21 to 24. Heavy rains of more than 100 mm occurred in the Dapeng Peninsula in eastern Shenzhen for three consecutive days, and the cumulative rainfall in South Australia reached 557 mm in four days. On the 23rd, 30 flights were delayed due to weather reasons; on the 24th, there were many dangers on the Beijing-Kowloon Railway, involving 5 trains originating or ending in Shenzhen. A landslide occurred in the slope of the Anlijia factory building in Mugubaolai Industrial Zone, Pinghu, Longgang. A small part of the banks of the Yousong River in Futian and Longhua collapsed, and a landslide at the junction of Shenzhen and Huiyang caused 4 deaths and 4 injuries in Nankeng Village, Xinwei Town, Huiyang.
On August 19th and 20th, the simultaneous influence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and weak cold air triggered a rare heavy rainstorm. On the 20th, five automatic weather stations in the city recorded more than 250 rainstorms. Millimeters of daily rainfall, the maximum daily rainfall in Longhua is 304 mm, the 1-hour rainfall in Longhua is as high as 71 mm from 9 to 10 am, and the Municipal Meteorological Observatory recorded a daily rainfall of 240 mm. Continuous heavy rainfall caused landslides, lightning strikes, flooding and other disasters in our city, killing 5 people and causing direct economic losses of 180 million yuan.
4. Tornadoes and hailstones
On May 9, July 15, and July 22 this year, three small tornadoes occurred in Baoan Shajing, Xiasha Village, Futian District, and Futian Free Trade Zone. Large-scale tornadoes occurred. On May 9, a large-scale tornado appeared near Baoan Shajing No. 3 Industrial Zone and Guanlan Dashuikeng Waste Collection Station, which caused more obvious damage. The tornado lasted for about 25 minutes. Shops on the south side of the reservoir market in Shajing No. 3 Industrial Zone were destroyed, tricycles were evacuated, and tin houses were torn off their roofs; the Guanlan Dashuikeng scrap collection station was ravaged, with iron frames in pieces and debris flying all over the sky. The destruction lasted about 2-3 days. minute.
Affected by the ground low pressure trough and low-altitude shear on April 25, a very strong thunderstorm cloud moved from the Pearl River Estuary into the Gongming Fuyong area of Baoan, and continued to move westward. Gongming, Fuyong, and There was an obvious hailstorm in Pinghu and other places, which lasted for about 2-3 minutes and was as big as a soybean.
5. Thunderstorms
Although the number of thunderstorm days in our city in 2005 was slightly less than the average in previous years, its intensity was extremely intense. Severe thunderstorms were also accompanied by strong winds, hail and other strong convective weather.
June---the most frequent thunderstorms: There were 4 thunderstorms and strong winds in our city in June this year. The strongest intensity was on the evening of the 12th, when Longgang recorded a short-term thunderstorm wind of 26 meters/second; the largest range was around 9 a.m. on the 22nd, when Shekou, Nanshan, and Luohu all recorded wind gusts above level 8, with the largest gust in Shekou. It reaches level 10 (24.8 m/s), Nanshan level 9 (21.8 m/s), and Luohu level 8 (19.2 m/s).
July - the strongest thunderstorm intensity: From the evening to night of July 20, our city experienced the strongest thunderstorm and windy weather in 2005, and the number of lightning strikes in Shenzhen reached 941 times; Multiple automatic stations recorded short-term strong winds of level 8-11, among which Dapeng station recorded a strong wind of 29.0 m/s; rainfall intensity was high in some areas, with the rainfall at Bagang station reaching 70 mm/h between 21 and 22 pm.
August---Thunderstorm with the largest scope: On August 13, our city experienced the largest thunderstorm and strong wind in 2005. From 16:20 to 18:00 on the 13th, a thunderstorm and strong wind occurred in the city. The number of cloud-to-ground lightning in our city was as high as 1197 times. Fuyong Station recorded an instantaneous level 10 thunderstorm and strong wind with a maximum of 28.2 meters/second. This station also recorded to an instantaneous Category 9 thunderstorm wind of 22.9 meters/second.
6. High temperature
During the year, the Municipal Meteorological Observatory*** recorded 6 days of high temperature weather exceeding 35℃, which occurred on July 18-20, August 12, and September respectively. Between October 22 and October 2, there were 111 cases of heat stroke throughout the year.
In mid-to-late July, affected by the subtropical high pressure and the downdraft surrounding Typhoon Haitang, our city experienced hot and extremely hot weather for eleven consecutive days from 11 to 21, including three consecutive days from 18 to 20. The temperature exceeded 35℃ on the 19th, with the highest temperature reaching 37.3℃ on the 19th, the highest record for mid-July in 53 years. Affected by the hot weather for days, many people died of heat stroke in Shenzhen. Upper respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and pediatric patients experienced peaks. Electricity consumption was overloaded. Power supply cables were burned out in some areas, causing widespread power outages.
On September 22, affected by the subtropical high pressure and the downdraft from the periphery of Typhoon Dawei, high temperatures above 35℃ generally occurred in our city. The Municipal Meteorological Observatory recorded a maximum temperature of 35.6℃, breaking the record in September during the same period. The highest record in late September (34.7℃) was the only high temperature in our city in late September.
On October 2, affected by the downdraft outside Typhoon "Dragon King", our city once again experienced hot weather in autumn, with the temperature reaching 35.2°C, breaking the latest high temperature record in the season set on September 22.
7. Tropical cyclones
No tropical cyclones directly affected our city this year, but there were 6 tropical cyclones that indirectly affected our city, namely No. 5 "Haitang" and No. 8 No. "Skyhawk", No. 9 "Maisha", No. 10 "Coral", No. 16 "Vicente" and No. 18 "Davi".
"Haitang", "Sky Eagle", "Maisha", "Coral" and "Davi" all brought high temperatures and violent storms to our city. Among them, affected by "Begonia", the highest temperature in our city in 2005 was 37.3 degrees. Typhoon No. 0518 "Dawei", which slowly crossed the northern South China Sea and landed in Hainan after three and a half days, was the most serious typhoon to affect our city this year, bringing high temperatures, haze, strong winds and heavy rain to our city. On September 22, high temperatures above 35℃ were common in the city; severe haze occurred on the 21st and 22nd, with visibility reduced to 2.5 kilometers; "Davi" crossed the South China Sea about 300 kilometers away from our city from day to night on the 24th. However, our city experienced three consecutive days of windy weather from the 24th to the 26th, with land winds of level 5-6, gusts of level 8-9, coastal sea winds of level 7-8, and gusts of level 10 or above. Shekou and Longqi stations experienced strong winds on the 24th. Level 12 instantaneous winds of 35.1 and 33.6 meters/s were recorded in the afternoon, and the maximum gust recorded by the Municipal Meteorological Observatory was level 9 (24 m/s); heavy to heavy rain occurred in our city on the 25th and 26th.
8. Strong winds
In September, affected by the outer edges of tropical storm Vicente and the subtropical high pressure, our city experienced strong winds for two consecutive days on the 17th and 18th. weather. The average wind force on land reaches level 5 to 6, the average wind force in coastal areas reaches level 5 to 7, and the gust reaches level 11. More than a dozen automatic weather stations in the city recorded strong winds of more than 17 meters/second. Among them, the instant wind speed in Shekou and Longqi reached level 11 (28-30 meters/second). A strong wind of 17 meters/second also occurred at this station on the 17th. The city The weather station issued a strong wind warning signal.
9. Cold
Although the average annual temperature in 2005 was on the high side, there were obvious periods of cold weather. There were 23 days of cold weather with the minimum temperature below 10℃ during the year. The extreme minimum temperature was 3.4℃, which occurred on January 1, making it the coldest New Year's Day in the past 30 years. Affected by the strong cold air in mid-March, the city's temperature dropped sharply. The temperature dropped by 15.3°C in 24 hours from 05:00 on March 12 to 05:00 on March 13, which is rare in history; the daily average temperature on March 13 was only 8.5°C. , setting a new historical low for the same period in the daily average temperature in mid-March. During the year, there were 1,718 cases of poisoning due to the use of gas in cold weather.
10. Haze
The number of haze days in our city was 135 in 2005. Although it was 42 days less than in 2004, it still ranked second highest in history. There were 61 and 37 haze days in the fourth quarter and the first quarter respectively. Affected by the subtropical high pressure and the subsiding airflow outside Typhoon "Haitang", severe haze weather occurred for three consecutive days from July 19 to 21, with the minimum visibility being about 3 kilometers; affected by Typhoon "Davi", from September 21 to 22 Severe haze weather occurred on the same day, with visibility dropped to 2.5 kilometers. The emergence of haze has caused a serious decline in air quality. On December 26, the air pollution index of Nanshan Station reached 143, which is considered mild pollution.