Where is Seoul?
City name problem
Greater China used the old name "Seoul" when Lee was in Korea, but other languages were translated into "Seoul" or similar pronunciation. This has caused a lot of confusion in daily communication, because many buildings in Seoul use the names of "Seoul" or "Seoul" respectively, but after translation into Chinese, the names of these places will become very similar. An example is that there are both "Seoul University" and "Seoul University" in Seoul, but their Chinese translations have become "Seoul University", which forces the latter to add the word "national" before the Chinese name. But in fact, Seoul National University is much more famous in Korea than Seoul National University.
The Korean government has been working on the Chinese name of ""since 1992, and the corresponding Chinese characters are Seoul and Seoul. On June 5438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/8, 2005, the City Council adopted "Seoul" with similar pronunciation as the Chinese name of the city, and requested the Korean government to use "Seoul" instead of "Seoul" in official documents, publications, websites, airports and stations, road signs and other Chinese versions. But so far, the name "Seoul" with a history of more than 500 years is the most commonly used in Chinese, and the name "Seoul" is still very strange to most users in China.
history
Seoul is also called Nanjing (), Hanyang (), Seoul () and Beijing (). Since independence, it has been renamed Seoul, which means "capital" in Korean.
Today's southeast Seoul was once the capital of Baekje Kingdom in ancient times. Baekje was occupied by Silla after the national subjugation, and its name was changed from Seoul to Hanshan County and Hanyang County. During the Koryo period, Hanyang was one of the "Little Three Beijing" besides Wang Jing, and it was Nanjing (the other two were Gyeongju in Tokyo and Pyongyang in Xijing).
After Li Chenggui established Lee's Korea, he felt that Wang Jing's popularity in Korea (now Kaesong) was already very weak, so Quan Zhonghe, Zheng and others chose the best land and started to build a new capital in Hanyang, north of Hanshui River, on 1392. Here, the mountains are surrounded by water, and there are Beihan Mountain and Beiyue Mountain in the north, Luoshan Mountain and Longma Mountain in the east, Wang Ren in the west, Nanshan Mountain in the south and Guan Yue in the south of the Han River. The Hanjiang River surrounds the south of the city from east to west, showing a good feng shui pattern of dragons, sand, water and caves. 1394, Li Chenggui moved the capital from Jingkai to Hancheng and officially named it Seoul. During the Korean period, Seoul was also known as the "capital". During the Japanese occupation, the name of Seoul was changed to the capital (Qingcheng,; けぃじやぅぅ), its status was also reduced from Zhili Province in central Korea to a county in Gyeonggi Province. After Korea became independent, 1945 Seoul was renamed Seo-Ul (Seoul).
It should be noted that Seoul means "capital" in Korean. Koguryo's Seoul is Pyongyang, Silla's Seoul is Gyeongju, South Korea's Seoul is Jing Kai (Kaesong) and South Korea's Seoul is Seoul. It was not until the recovery of South Korea that Seoul was used as a fixed proper term to refer to the capital of the Republic of Korea.
The wall of Seoul is 18km long and has eight gates, including four gates and four small gates. Their names are: Chonglimen (South Gate), Xingrenmen (East Gate), Dunyimen (West Gate) and Sujingmen (North Gate); Huihuamen (East Gate), Zhaodemen (West Gate), Guangxi Gate (Shuikou Gate) and Zhangyimen (North Gate). There are five 52 squares in the city, and the population of Seoul in the early Li Dynasty was11-120,000. After Japan launched a rebellion in Nonchen, the population of Seoul decreased to less than 40,000. Outside Seoul, there is a fourth military gate defense zone. The four mountains around Seoul have become natural barriers. In the west of the city, there is Jingfu Palace, which is the main palace of the Li Dynasty. Jingfu Palace is a ancestral temple in the southeast and a village in the west, which is in line with Zhou Li's "Zuo Zu You She" regulation. The central part of the city is divided into grid-like areas and roads, but in most parts of the city, roads are tortuous and there are many dead ends. This is different from the capital of China. Outside the city, there used to be a "welcome door" for China's envoys. After Korea became independent, it was renamed Independence Gate. In this city, there is also the Hua Mu Pavilion of China's envoy. There is a Confucius Temple (now Sungkyunkwan Hall) in the east of the city, and a Wu Temple built in the middle of the Korean dynasty in the southeast of the city, dedicated to Guan Yu. In addition, Xiaohong Cave in the city also has a place where the Korean royal family worships heaven-the ball altar. The square altar used for offering sacrifices to the ground is in the social altar, which is somewhat different from the regulations in China. The immortal farm altar dedicated to Shennong and Hou Ji is in the leading cave outside the East Gate. After 100 years of careful construction, Seoul has become a magnificent oriental capital.
1592, Japan invaded Korea. The Renchen War broke out. On May 2, General Myong won Kim fled north, and Katou Kiyomasa led the Japanese army to cross the Han River and capture Seoul. Before and after the Japanese army entered the city, Seoul suffered great damage. The palaces, ancestral temples, villages, yamen and gates in the city were all burned down. After Li Xuanzu returned to Beijing, he chose to repair the ancestral temple and palace. Then Seoul experienced two invasions by the Qing army. A Min, a general of the Qing Dynasty (one of the Four Baylers), envied the splendor of the Korean Palace and refused to return to Manchuria, a bitter and cold place. Suspected by Huang taiji of having different plans. With the collapse of Nanming forces in the Qing Dynasty, the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan issued a decree to lock up the country, which calmed the political situation in East Asia and restored Seoul's former prosperity. During the reign of Yingzu and Zhengzu, the population of Seoul has grown to more than 300,000. Zheng Zu had planned to move the capital to the newly-built Shui Yuan City in the south, but in the end, due to the limitations of conditions, the plan to move the capital was not realized.
In 1896, North Korea drew up a plan to revitalize the Imperial Capital after "Wu Jia Zhang Zhang Zhang". Ying 'en Gate was renamed Independence Gate, and roads, traffic, lighting facilities and a new yamen were built in the city. 1899, Mingdong Temple was built. 1900, the earliest western-style building in Korea was built in Deshou Palace. 1907 demolished the walls in the south and west of Seoul. After Japan annexed Korea, it carried out drastic reforms on the municipal construction of Seoul. Japan destroyed the original historical buildings of the Li Dynasty on a large scale. First, the annex of the North Korean Governor's Office was built in Gyeongbokgung Palace. Secondly, 19 1 1 February, Waqiu altar was under the jurisdiction of the North Korean Governor's Office, and was demolished in 19 13, and the North Korean Governor's Office Railway Hotel (now North Korea Hotel) was established here. Third, Japan has built many administrative buildings in Hancheng. 1922, Shejitan was changed into a park, Seoul Railway Station was built in 1925, and Seoul Nanshan was built as a "Korean shrine".
In the Korean War, Seoul was once again destroyed by the warring sides. The once prosperous urban area is in ruins. Gwanghwamun and the government building (former North Korean Governor's Office) were completely destroyed, and all municipal facilities were destroyed. With the end of the war, Seoul stood up again in the ruins. 1988 After the Olympic Games, Seoul has developed into a world super metropolis with a population of over10 million.