Popularization of knowledge of Yue Opera
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Thirteen schools of Yue Opera
The genre of Yue Opera includes many artistic factors such as repertoire, singing, reading and doing, which are all reflected in the typical artistic image. Among them, aria has the strongest originality, the most prominent characteristics and the greatest influence, so people call it genre aria. The aria of Yue Opera consists of two parts: melody and singing. In melody organization, each school forms its own basic style through melody, rhythm and striking changes, while in singing, it forms different charm beauty through the changes of voice, timbre and embellishment.
Wang school--the school of yue opera founded by wang. Wang School attaches great importance to the combination of tone rhythm with language potential and emotion. Wang's singing is simple, natural, fluent and full of charm. In performance, Wang is known as a "character actor". His singing is sincere, smooth and euphemistic, and has an inner strength. Wang's bass tone is rich and soft. In key aria, high notes are used to highlight the climax of the aria, thus forming a strong color contrast. Wang's tune-throwing is very distinctive, with long sentences, euphemistic twists and turns and profound feelings. "Meng Lijun Swims to the Forest" is a famous Wang Pai aria. Sensing that Meng Lijun might be a woman, the romantic emperor invited her to swim to the forest step by step. Meng Lijun disguised as a man is cautious and resourceful everywhere. The outstanding successors of the Wang School are Meng, Zhou Yunjuan, Shu Jinxia, Shan Yangping, Hong Ying, and Wang.
Yuan Pai, the school of Yue Opera founded by Yuan Xuefen. Yuan Pai's singing has the characteristics of simplicity, tact, implication, profundity and mellow charm. Yuan school attached great importance to the singing method of key singing sentences, and made good use of the techniques of jet, vent, function words, stress and pause to make special treatment, which led to the climax of singing. The tune-throwing of Yuan school often makes the melody tortuous and memorable through the expansion of sentence width, cadence, alternation of modes and structural changes. For example, the tune of "Up to now, the phoenix, the phoenix and the phoenix are floating" in "The Broken Bridge of the White Snake" is soft and long through the music with the beginning and width of the sentence. Yuan Pai's outstanding successors are Qi Yixian, Qi Xian, Qi Xian, Qi Xian, Xu Qiong, Xu and so on.
Fan School is a small school of Yue Opera, and its founder is Fan Ruijuan. Fan school has a wide range, a large fluctuation in melody and many long sentences. It is good at revealing the emotions of various characters with lyric adagio, and its tunes are gorgeous and magnificent. Starting from a small cavity, swinging the cavity is more distinctive. Often by decorating the end of the singing sentence with flowers, or taking accompaniment as an extension of the singing, the singing is more affectionate. The special artistic technique of direct tone sandhi in singing is another feature of the school. Fan school has a strong melody and a long lyrical tune. As the pioneer of [chord downward adjustment], Fan Ruijuan constantly innovates and expands the function of this key. For example, this [harmony cavity] in Lotus Lantern to the Moon absorbs the clear and smooth factors of the [four-tone cavity], making it bright and cheerful and full of comedy. In addition, the lyrics are in the form of long and short sentences, and various changes have been made in rhythm to make the music rhythm more active. Chen Qi, Shi Jihua, Shao, Shi Jihua, etc.
Yinpai is a small school of Yue Opera, which was founded by. Yin school is characterized by euphemistic lingering, free and easy, simple and meaningful, fresh and stretching, which is a typical style of combining rigidity with softness. The adagio of Yin School stretches beautifully, especially describing the feelings of characters in detail with the big narrative "Clear Board"; Various artistic means were mobilized when making the cavity, such as the arrangement of opening the cavity, the use of inserting sentences, the change of plate type and the change of throwing the cavity. , so that the whole singing is distinct. The tone of Yin School has distinct characteristics. Its voice is deep, its timbre is kind and natural, and it varies according to the specific feelings of different roles in different plays. For example, the "sister" in Love on a Mountain, sending a letter, has a kind and gentle tone, full of affection, soft and firm, and truly expresses her affection for her beloved. When shaping the musical images of different characters, Yin Guifang absorbed the nutrition of his brothers' dramas and enriched himself. In the scene of "Crying for Fortune Telling" in "He Wenxiu", the singing is based on [four tunes], absorbing and drawing lessons from the factors of Hangzhou Opera [Wulin tune] and Suzhou Tanci, and creating a novel [fortune telling tune]. This tune is a combination of rap and singing, with flexible rhythm, humor and good voice. The outstanding successors of Yin School are Xiao, Xing Guifen, Xing Guifen, and so on.
The school of Yue Opera founded by Fu Quanxiang. Fu Pai's singing is very distinctive, especially her tune-throwing, which absorbs the long and tortuous characteristics of Beijing Opera. In order to highlight the ending aria and render the feelings of the characters, she often uses the means of sentence width expansion, cadence and mode alternation to form a long and varied tune. . In butterfly lovers Club, the sentence "Remember the two sworn brothers of Caoqiao" was sung with stress, and the word "teacher" was sung with six degrees of luck. The word "big" came to an abrupt end after singing, and the word "Qin" was extended with flowers, and the short words "Qin" and "Nan" were used. Fu Quanxiang has a good voice condition, wide range and sweet and bright timbre, and is known as the "golden voice". When she sings, she combines reality with reality, emphasizes the position and resonance of the voices, euphemistically softens the mid-bass, makes the high-pitched area steep and bright, and naturally connects the high and low voices, thus forming the distinctive features of the rich singing style. The outstanding successors of Fu School are Xue Ying, Zhang and Hong Fenfei.
Xu School is a small school of Yue Opera founded by Xu Yulan. Xu Yulan's vocal features are high-pitched, passionate, flexible and colorful. Xu Yulan's commonly used music is rich, which runs through his vocals repeatedly in various forms, so his distinctive tone is distinct. In particular, the swinging melody is colorful and the rhythm is changeable. For example, at the beginning of A Dream of Red Mansions, "Today is the first satisfactory thing from ancient times to the present, from heaven to earth", the tone goes from low to high, jumping to the highest tone on the word "thing", and then dropping rapidly, and the whole aria is as wide as 13 degrees, incisively and vividly. The outstanding successors of Xu School are: Jin, Tang,, and so on.
Qi school--a school of yue opera founded by qi yaxian. Qi Yaxian's singing is simple and smooth, deep and implicit. Her vocal range is not wide, but according to her mellow timbre, she gives full play to the singing melody of middle and low notes and presents a unique style. Qi Yaxian's singing is not only good at expressing tragic feelings, but also can create cheerful and clear singing. Another feature of Qi school's singing is that in the smooth melody, there is often a jumping sound of six degrees downward, or a falling tone of six degrees to moisten the cavity, so as to strengthen the intonation and render the tragic mood. In particular, "Qingban" has distinct ups and downs, and is good at making subtle changes in singing tone, rhythm treatment, vocal singing and other aspects according to the intonation of lyrics and the feelings of characters, thus achieving a combination of colorful and simple, hidden and plain. Qi school singing is good at giving special colors to traditional old operas through the change and development of characteristic tones. For example, "Liangzhu" and "Legend of the White Snake" are old operas of Yue Opera, and most of the actors in Yue Opera can sing them. However, the singing of these two operas by Qi School not only fully expressed the feelings of the characters, but also showed their unique artistic personality. The outstanding successors of the Qi School are: Zhou, Zhu Zhufen, Wang Xingjuan, etc.
Lu school is a small school of yue opera, and its founder is. Lu Jinhua is best at playing the poor, and it is necessary to play "shoes" and "rags". Her performance is elegant, subtle and generous, and her movements are simple and vivid; Her voice is clear, the sound quality is pure, the timbre is simple and smooth, and the line cavity is relaxed. In particular, she pays attention to the refreshing articulation, and her voice is audible. Listening to her singing is like a clear spring flowing into people's hearts, fresh, soft and intriguing. Lu Jinhua's singing method is developed on the basis of Ma Zhanghua's singing method. She still retains many factors of [four tones] when singing, so it sounds unique. Lu Jinhua's singing has distinct characteristics, but she does not only pay attention to form and skills, but always puts characterization at the center. The purpose of acting is to profoundly reveal the inner world of the characters. The outstanding successors of Lu School are Cao Yinque, Liu, Liu, Liao, Xu Jie, Qiu Qiaofang, etc.
Bi School is a small school of Yue Opera, which was founded by Bi Chunfang. Bi Chunfang's singing is clear and bold, smooth and free, with rough male characteristics. Her voice is crisp and bright, with a wide range and full of confidence. There are often syncopated patterns in her vocals, so her vocals are angular and elastic. She speaks clearly and forcefully, emphasizing stress therapy. When creating vocal music works, Bi Chunfang often absorbs the tones of other schools, industries and brother operas of Yue Opera according to the needs of portraying characters, and integrates them into his vocal music works, making his vocal music works lively and innovative. For example, the intonation of "Sister Chou-heung" in San Xiao Dianaria absorbs the intonation of "Official Person" of Yan Dan Lanzhen in the traditional famous drama Panfu, which makes Tang Bohu's elegant and elegant image more distinct. The outstanding successors of Bipai are: Ding Lianfang, Dombeyfen, Bi, Xu Ningsheng, Yang Tonghua and Zhang Zhenying.
Zhang Yunxia Yue Opera School Zhangpai. Zhang Yunxia pays great attention to portraying different personalities of characters in his performances and singing. For example, in Youlong Feng Fei, she played two roles by herself. They are all young women with similar faces and different personalities. One is Miss Fan Chuchu, an official, who is vain and rigid. One is the rural girl Liu Jingjing, who is not greedy for wealth; The difference is very obvious. Zhang Yunxia's voice line is varied, the combination of true and false sounds is used freely, and his pronunciation is clear. She complained about a remark made by Li Cuiying. According to the development of the characters' feelings, she vividly and meticulously expresses the levels of the characters' feelings with boards with different speeds, such as [adjustable, adagio], [adagio], [medium board] and [allegro]. Zhang Yunxia is good at playing Hua Dan, Tsing Yi, Peking Opera blues and Maiden Dan. She gives different musical images according to the personalities of people in different occupations. Outstanding successors of Zhang School include Xue, Yuan Xiaoyun and He Caifei.
Lu School is a school of Yue Opera founded. On the basis of inheriting the euphemistic, elegant, delicate and meaningful style of Yuan School, Lu School's singing has added lively, beautiful, high-spirited and lively melody color. Lu Pai's vocal music tunes are active and changeable, and he is good at using a small cavity in the middle and high-pitched range, and more importantly, he uses a large interval jump to make the vocal music melody colorful and energetic. There are often four tones and seven tones in Lu school's singing, which in turn promotes the frequent conversion of Gong Zheng's mode in singing. The use of plates is also flexible. According to the emotional changes of the characters, the melody is rich in color, sharp in contrast, layered and fresh through speed and compact rhythm. In the method of moistening the cavity, various decorative sounds and syncopation types are often used to convey the inner activities of the characters in detail. When composing music, Lv Ruiying is good at drawing lessons from his brothers' plays horizontally according to the needs of content and enriching his musical vocabulary. The outstanding successors of Lu School are:, Sun Zhijun,.
Golden School is a school of Yue Opera founded by Jin Caifeng. Jin Caifeng's singing is euphemistic and graceful, combining rigidity with softness. Her voice is bright, natural and smooth, simple and elegant in style, graceful and angular in beauty, firm in softness and dignified and generous. Articulate clearly, pay special attention to the intonation, and have a sense of music. On the basis of inheriting the tradition, according to his own experience and understanding of the role, Jin Caifeng constantly explores and creates new singing methods, especially the traditional [four-cavity], which has been enriched and developed in sound board and moistening cavity, making it glow with new brilliance. Jin Caifeng's vocal music structure is rigorous, and he is good at moistening the vocal cavity with different plates, rhythms and tones, revealing the waves in the characters' deep feelings in details, and his performance is closely related to vocal music. Outstanding successors of the Golden School are:,,,,, Zhang Hangying, Chen Liping, Shi, etc.
Zhang school was founded by. Zhang Guifeng has a strong ability to organize singing, and can flexibly use various tunes and plates according to the changes of characters' feelings, so that singing is full of new ideas. For example, in the sixth episode of Bleak Liaogong Moon, Daozong sang "A Stone Strikes Water and Arouses a Thousand Waves", which is a mixture of ruler mode, positive mode, northern mode and freestyle. The melody is rich, the rhythm is changeable, and the singing is deep and rough, which conforms to the identity and personality of the characters and is very delicate. Xunzi in Biography of Li Wa absorbs the tone of Shao's drama and fully shows the anger of the characters. When composing a piece of music, Zhang Guifeng is good at choosing and using different music materials by eclecticism and substitution of flowers and trees according to the needs of shaping people with different occupations and personalities. ; In Xianglinsao, lazarus, a central defender, inherited and used the early [flat] singing method of Yue Opera according to the characteristics of idleness and wandering around. This not only highlights the personality of the characters, but also makes the singing full of local colors. Outstanding successors of Zhang School are: Zhang Guohua, Sun Weijuan, Cai Yan, etc.
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