What is the Double Ninth Festival?

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Chinese Traditional Festival ~ The Origin of the Double Ninth Festival on September 9th

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What is the Double Ninth Festival

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There was no Double Ninth Festival in ancient times? How did today's festival come about...

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Do you know the origin and customs of the Double Ninth Festival? Subvert history and give you the answer!

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Learn more about the Double Ninth Festival

Learn more about the Double Ninth Festival

Origin of the festival

Historical evolution

Folk customs

Literary description

Myths and legends

Double Ninth Festival, a traditional Chinese festival, takes place on The ninth day of the ninth lunar month every year is a traditional Chinese folk festival. The Double Ninth Festival originated from the worship of celestial phenomena and evolved from the autumn harvest sacrifices in ancient times. The number "Nine" is a yang number in the "Book of Changes". The two yang numbers "Nine Nine" overlap each other, so it is called "Double Ninth Festival"; because both the sun and the moon coincide with nine, it is also called "Double Nine".

The Double Ninth Festival is an auspicious day. In ancient times, during the Double Ninth Festival, people had customs such as climbing high to pray for blessings, going on autumn outings to appreciate chrysanthemums, planting dogwood trees, worshiping gods and ancestors, and drinking banquets to pray for longevity. It has been passed down to this day, and connotations such as respecting the elderly have been added. On the Double Ninth Festival, a banquet is held to express gratitude and respect for the elderly. Climbing high to appreciate autumn and being grateful and respectful to the elderly are two important themes of today’s Double Ninth Festival activities.

According to existing historical materials and research, the origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to ancient times. In ancient times, activities such as harvest sacrifices to heaven and ancestors were held in autumn and autumn. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" records that the ancients worshiped the Emperor of Heaven and their ancestors in September when crops were harvested, in order to thank the Emperor of Heaven and their ancestors for their kindness. This is the original form of the Double Ninth Festival as an autumn harvest sacrificial event. The Double Ninth Festival began in ancient times, became popular in the Western Han Dynasty, and flourished after the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was an important period when traditional festival customs were integrated and finalized, and the main part of them has been passed down to this day. The folk custom of worshiping ancestors during the Double Ninth Festival has been around for thousands of years and is an ancient folk custom with profound significance. The Double Ninth Festival, New Year's Eve, Qingming Festival and July Half are also known as the four traditional ancestor worship festivals in China.

During the historical development and evolution, the Double Ninth Festival has been a mixture of various folk customs, carrying rich cultural connotations. In folk customs, "nine" is the largest number, which means long and long life. It expresses people's blessings for the elderly's health and longevity. In 1989, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month was designated as the "Respect for the Aged Day" to advocate the whole society to establish a culture of respecting, respecting, loving and helping the elderly. On May 20, 2006, the Double Ninth Festival was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists by the State Council.

Basic information

Chinese name

Double Ninth Festival

Foreign name

Double Ninth Festival

Alias ​​

Chongjiu, Chongjiu Festival, Old Man's Day

Festival time

Ancient times

Folk festival types

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Traditional festivals

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The origin of the festival is the number of Nine Yangs in the Book of Changes

Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival

The origin of the name "Double Ninth Festival" is derived from the "Yang Yao is nine" in the ancient book "The Book of Changes". In the "Book of Changes", "six" is defined as the yin number, and "nine" is defined as the yang number, which is also the "extreme number", referring to the height of the sky as "nine levels". On the ninth day of September, both the sun and the moon coincide with the ninth day, which means that "the two nines overlap", so it is called "Double Nine". At the same time, the two yang numbers are combined together, so it is called "Double Ninth Festival". "Night Sailing" written by Zhang Dai in the Ming Dynasty said: "Nine is the number of Yang, and the sun and moon correspond to each other, so it is called "Double Ninth Festival".

"Nine" is the old Yang, which is the number of the Yang pole, and the number of two Yang poles The Double Ninth Festival is an auspicious day worthy of celebration. In ancient times, there was a custom of having a feast and praying for longevity. The largest number, and "jiujiu" has the same pronunciation as "jiujiu", so it has the meaning of eternal life, long life, health and longevity.

The origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to the ancient times. It is the day when Emperor Yuan attained enlightenment. The earliest existing written record of the customs and activities of the Double Ninth Festival can be found in the "Ji Qiu Ji" in "Lu Shi Chun Qiu": "(September) Order the family steward to prepare for the harvest, and give five important points. The Tibetan imperial records are collected in Shencang and must be respected and ordered. On that day, the great emperor sacrificed himself and reported it to the emperor. "It can be seen that at that time, there were activities of worshiping the Emperor of Heaven and ancestors in September when crops were harvested, to thank the Emperor of Heaven and ancestors for their kindness. This was the original form of the Double Ninth Festival as a sacrificial activity in ancient times. The early Double Ninth Festival culture, It reflects the humanistic spirit of worshiping nature and the unity of man and nature in ancient civilized society; a series of Double Ninth Festival sacrificial activities contain profound cultural connotations of respect, morality, ritual and music, and the palace in the Western Han Dynasty recorded in "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes". Jia Peilan, a native of China, said: “On September 9th, wearing dogwood, eating bait, and drinking chrysanthemum wine will make people live longer. "According to legend, from this time on, the custom of seeking longevity on the Double Ninth Festival began. It is said that this was influenced by ancient wizards (later Taoist priests) who pursued longevity and collected medicines to take them.

The ancient ritual of sacrificing Mars

Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival

One of the prototypes of the Double Ninth Festival is the ancient ritual of sacrificing fire. "Xia Xiaozheng" calls "September Fire". The retreat of the "Big Fire" star not only caused the ancients who always used the big Mars as a sign of seasonal production and seasonal life to lose the coordinates of time, but also caused inexplicable consequences for the ancients who regarded fire as a god. Fear, the dormancy of the God of Fire means the arrival of the long winter. Therefore, during the "inner fire" season, just as there is a fire welcoming ceremony when it appears, people must hold corresponding farewell ceremonies. Ancient people always regarded September 9th and March 3rd as corresponding Spring and Autumn Festivals. "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes" by Liu Xin of the Han Dynasty said: "Shangsi in March and Double Ninth Festival in September, the maids play games to drive away evil spirits and climb high." The correspondence between Shangsi and Double Ninth Festival is based on the occurrence of "fire". This is also a folk expression of rituals and beliefs related to the Double Ninth Festival. With the development of society, people have a new understanding of the seasons, and the ritual of worshiping Mars in September gradually declined. Some traces of ancient customs can be found in the custom of worshiping the stove (the household fire god) on the Double Ninth Festival in some areas south of the Yangtze River. If Shangsi (Qingming Festival) is a festival for people to go out for a swim after spending a long winter, then the Double Ninth Festival is about a ritual autumn outing when the autumn cold arrives and people are about to live in seclusion. Therefore, there is a folk "outing" on Qingming Festival. The custom of "resigning to youth" during the Double Ninth Festival.

Historical evolution

Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival

The origin of traditional festivals and ancient primitive beliefs, sacrifices and calendars and other humanities and nature cultural content. Most of the ancient traditional festivals were formed when the ancients chose auspicious days to offer sacrifices to thank the gods of heaven and earth and the kindness of their ancestors. The Double Ninth Festival has a long history, starting from ancient times. In ancient times, the customs of the north and the south were different. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, customs and activities in various places had not yet been integrated and spread. Customs and activities of the Double Ninth Festival are rarely recorded in documents from the Central Plains. The existing written records of the Double Ninth Festival customs were first seen in the "Ji Qiu Ji" of the pre-Qin classic "Lu Shi Chun Qiu", which records the activities of the ancients to worship the emperor and ancestors during the harvest in September. The Double Ninth Festival has blended a variety of folk customs into one over the course of its history. With the development of the times, the cultural connotation of the Double Ninth Festival has continued to expand and become richer.

According to literature, during the Warring States Period, people took the Double Ninth Festival seriously, but it was only an activity carried out in the palace. The "Xijing Miscellanies" of the Han Dynasty recorded the ancient custom of praying for longevity during the Double Ninth Festival.

Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of the Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, described the Double Ninth Festival at that time in his "Nine Days and Zhong Yao Shu": "As the years go by, the ninth day suddenly returns to September 9th. Nine is the number of Yang, and the sun and the moon In response, the customs praised its name, thinking that it would be suitable for a long time, so it was used to enjoy banquets and high gatherings. "

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the festive atmosphere became more and more intense, and it was highly praised by literati. Tao Yuanming, a scholar of the Jin Dynasty, said in the preface to the poem "Nine Days of Leisure": "When I live leisurely, I love the name of Jiu. The garden is full of autumn chrysanthemums, while I hold the mash for a long time, worshiping Jiuhua in the sky, and put my heart in words." Both chrysanthemums and wine are mentioned here. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a custom of appreciating chrysanthemums and drinking wine.

During the Tang Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was designated as an official holiday. From then on, the court and the people celebrated the Double Ninth Festival together and carried out various activities during the festival. According to records, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month was officially listed as a nationally recognized festival in the reign of Emperor Dezong and Li Shi of the Tang Dynasty (780-785), and the Double Ninth Festival was listed as one of the "Three Orders".

Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival

In the Song Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was more lively. "Tokyo Menghua Lu" recorded the grand occasion of the Double Ninth Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Old Wulin Events" also records that the court of the Southern Song Dynasty "made nine heavy arrangements on the eighth day" in preparation for the grand entertainment the next day.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the eunuchs and concubines in the palace began to celebrate by eating flower cakes together on the first day of the Lunar New Year. On the ninth day of the Double Ninth Festival, the emperor would personally go to the Longevity Mountain to climb up to the scenic spots to refresh his autumn aspirations. Customs from the Qing and Ming dynasties are still prevalent. The custom of Beijing's Double Ninth Festival is to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows to "remove evil and filth and attract good luck."

In modern times, since the 1980s, some places in China have designated the ninth day of the ninth lunar month as the Elderly Day, advocating that the whole society establish a culture of respecting, respecting, loving and helping the elderly. In 1989, the Chinese government designated the ninth day of the ninth lunar month as "Old Man's Day" and "Respect for the Aged Day". On December 28, 2012, the Standing Committee of China’s National People’s Congress voted to pass the newly revised Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of the Elderly. The law clearly states that the ninth day of the ninth lunar month every year is the Senior Citizens' Day.

In the process of inheritance and development, the Double Ninth Festival has been passed down from generation to generation as a festival activity full of life implications. The theme of holding banquets to respect the elderly and drinking banquets to pray for longevity gradually merged with the traditional Chinese ethics of filial piety and has become one of the important themes of today’s Double Ninth Festival activities. one.

Folk Customs

Folk Custom Activities

Overview

Double Ninth Festival Customs

Double Ninth Festival Customs

During the historical continuation of the Double Ninth Festival, the Double Ninth Festival has not only integrated many folklore events, but also integrated many cultural connotations. It has many folk activities and rich cultural connotations. According to existing literature, as early as the Warring States Period, folk customs such as offering sacrifices, climbing mountains, and drinking chrysanthemum wine during the Double Ninth Festival have existed. The festival activities on the Double Ninth Festival are rich and colorful. Ancient folk had the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival, so the Double Ninth Festival is also called the "Climbing Festival". The custom of climbing during the Double Ninth Festival stems from the climate characteristics at this time and the ancients' worship of mountains. Climbing "Ci Qing" is also derived from the solar terms in nature. Climbing "Ci Qing" on the Double Ninth Festival corresponds to the ancients' "outing" in spring in March.

The custom of "mountain climbing to pray for blessings" has been popular in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. There are no unified regulations on where to climb. Generally, it is mountain climbing or tower climbing.

Every time on the Double Ninth Festival, various places organize activities for the elderly to go on mountain climbing and autumn outings to exchange feelings and exercise. In many families, younger generations will also support older elders to go out for activities in the countryside. The ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar is a time when "clean air rises and turbid air sinks". The higher the terrain, the more clear air gathers. Therefore, "climbing high to enjoy the clear air during the Double Ninth Festival" has become a folk custom. In September of the golden autumn, the sky is high and the air is crisp. In this season, climbing high and looking far away can achieve the purpose of feeling relaxed and happy, keeping fit and curing diseases. The Double Ninth Festival is a traditional Chinese festival that combines various folk customs. Celebrating the Double Ninth Festival generally includes activities such as traveling to enjoy the scenery, climbing high to overlook, viewing chrysanthemums, planting dogwood trees, holding banquets to honor the elderly, eating Double Ninth cakes, drinking chrysanthemum wine, etc.

Bask in the Autumn

Climb high to enjoy the autumn·Charm Huangling

Climb high to enjoy the autumn·Charm Huangling

Double Ninth Festival is the best During the autumn appreciation period, some mountainous villages in southern China still retain the characteristics of "autumn sunbathing". Going to the countryside to appreciate folk customs and watch the autumn sun has become a fashion in rural tourism. "Autumn sunbathing" is a typical agricultural custom with strong regional characteristics. Villagers living in mountainous areas such as Hunan, Guangxi, Anhui, and Jiangxi, due to the complex terrain and very little flat land in the village, have to use the front and back of the house and the roof of their own window sill to dry or hang their crops. Over time, it has evolved into a traditional agricultural custom. . This special lifestyle and scene of villagers drying crops has gradually become a creative material for painters and photographers, and has created the poetic name "autumn sun".

Putting paper kites

Putting paper kites is the main custom of celebrating the Double Ninth Festival in the south. Folk celebrations of the Double Ninth Festival are mainly characterized by releasing paper kites. Guangxu's "Huizhou Prefecture" also records it. Paper kites are also modern kites. In folk tradition, in addition to climbing mountains, flying paper kites is also a feature of the Double Ninth Festival.

Climbing high

Climbing high on the Double Ninth Festival

Climbing high on the Double Ninth Festival

The custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival has a long history. There are roughly four origins of the custom of climbing: one is derived from the worship of mountains by the ancients; the second is derived from the climate of "rising clear air and sinking turbid air"; the third is derived from the "civilization" of climbing; the fourth is It comes from the absurd legend "Huanjing climbed the mountain to avoid disaster".

1.

In ancient times, the ancients worshiped mountains and formed the custom of "mountain climbing to pray for blessings". "Book of Rites: Sacrifice" records: "Mountains, forests, rivers, valleys and hills, which can produce clouds, provide wind and rain, and see monsters, are all called gods." Documents record that the ancients were both awe and full of worship for mountains. The custom of "mountain climbing to pray" dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Period has become popular. In the Western Han Dynasty, "Chang'an Chronicle" contains records of people visiting the capital on September 9th in the Han Dynasty.

2.

According to the laws of the movement of the sun and the moon, the Double Ninth Festival, September 9th of the lunar calendar, is a climate where "clean air rises and turbid air sinks". The higher the terrain, the clearer the air. Therefore, "climbing high to enjoy the fresh air during the Double Ninth Festival" has become an important folk custom that people are flocking to.

3.

The saying "Citing the green" when climbing high comes from the solar terms in nature. The Double Ninth Festival is the Autumn Festival. After the festival, the weather gets cooler and the grass and trees begin to wither. The "Quiqing" mountain climbing on the Double Ninth Festival corresponds to the "outing" of the ancients in spring outings in March.

4.

The myth and legend of climbing high to avoid disasters on the Double Ninth Festival began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is said that at that time, a warlock named Huan Jing in Henan believed that plague would come on this day, and people should Leave your home and go to as high a place as possible to be safe. The absurd story of Huan Jing climbing high on September 9th to avoid disaster can be found in "Xu Qixie Ji", a mythical and strange novel written by Liang Wujun of the Southern Dynasties.

Eat Double Ninth Cake

Eat Double Ninth Cake

Eat Double Ninth Cake

According to historical records, Double Ninth Cake is also called flower cake and chrysanthemum cake. , five-color cake, there is no set method for making it, it is more random. At dawn on September 9th, people put a piece of cake on their children's foreheads and muttered something, wishing their children all the best. This was the original intention of the ancients to make cakes in September. The special Double Ninth Festival cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on top to match the meaning of Double Ninth Festival (sheep). Some people also put a small red paper flag (instead of dogwood) on the Double Ninth Festival cake and light candles. This probably means "lighting up lamps" and "eating cakes" instead of "climbing high". Today, there is still no fixed variety of Double Ninth Cake. The soft cakes eaten on the Double Ninth Festival in various places are called Double Ninth Cake.

Ancestor Worship

The Double Ninth Festival is one of the four traditional ancestor worship festivals in China. Ancient people have a tradition of worshiping ancestors and praying for blessings. With the development and evolution of history, the concept of family and ancestor worship in many places is gradually weakening. In ancient times, the traditional custom of worshiping ancestors on the Double Ninth Festival is still popular in Lingnan. People will hold ancestor worship activities on the Double Ninth Festival every year. Whether it is ancestor worship activities or climbing high to gaze into the distance, its most fundamental role is to enhance people's sense of cultural identity and strengthen the cohesion of family and society.

Appreciating chrysanthemums

Appreciating chrysanthemums

Appreciating chrysanthemums

On Double Ninth Festival, there has always been a custom of appreciating chrysanthemums, so it was also called chrysanthemum in ancient times. Festival. The custom of appreciating chrysanthemums originated from chrysanthemum culture. Chrysanthemum is a natural flower. Because its flowers are colorful and bloom proudly against the frost, a chrysanthemum culture of appreciating chrysanthemums has been formed. The ninth month of the lunar calendar is commonly known as the chrysanthemum month. A chrysanthemum conference is held during the festival, and crowds of people attend the festival to appreciate the chrysanthemums. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, it has become fashionable to gather for drinking, appreciating chrysanthemums and composing poems on the Double Ninth Festival. In ancient Chinese customs, chrysanthemums symbolize longevity.

Chrysanthemum is the flower of longevity and is praised by literati as a symbol of perseverance in the frost.

Enjoying banquets to pray for longevity

The custom of praying for longevity on the Double Ninth Festival was first recorded in the Han Dynasty. "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes" of the Han Dynasty records: "On September 9th, wearing dogwood, eating bait, and drinking chrysanthemum wine will make people live longer." "Jingchu Years' Notes" says: "On September 9th, all the people will live together in the wild. Banquet. "Du Gongzhan of the Sui Dynasty noted: "It is unknown when the banquet on September 9 began, but it did not change from the time it was stationed in the Song Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. "On the basis of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors, longevity and banquets were added, forming the basis of the Double Ninth Festival. The large-scale drinking and banquet activities in the Double Ninth Festival actually developed from the harvest sacrificial banquets in the pre-Qin Dynasty.

Drinking chrysanthemum wine

Appreciating chrysanthemums, drinking and playing chess on the Double Ninth Festival

Appreciating chrysanthemums, drinking and playing chess on the Double Ninth Festival

Due to the unique character of chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums have become A symbol of vitality. Chrysanthemums contain nutrients. In "Baopuzi" by Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty, there is a record that people in Nanyang Mountain drink chrysanthemum water to increase their longevity. It is a traditional custom in China to drink chrysanthemum wine during the Double Ninth Festival. In ancient times, the custom of drinking flower wine originated from Tao Yuanming, a great poet of the Jin Dynasty. There is a custom of enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival.

Chrysanthemum wine has been seen in the Han Dynasty. Later, there are still stories of giving chrysanthemums to celebrate birthdays and picking chrysanthemums to make wine. For example, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty once gave chrysanthemums to Zhong Yao on the Double Ninth Festival. Longevity), Emperor Wen of the Liang Dynasty's "Chrysanthemum Picking Chapter" has a sentence: "We are picking chrysanthemum beads in a basket, and the dew is wet in the morning." This is an example of picking chrysanthemums to make wine. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, chrysanthemum wine was still popular. In the Ming Dynasty. There is still a record in Gao Lian's "Eight Notes of Zunsheng" that it is a popular fitness drink.

Putting dogwood

The ancient custom of planting dogwood was popular, so it is also called the Dogwood Festival. . Cornus officinalis is a fruit that can be used as traditional Chinese medicine. Because the cornel produced in Wuyue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang) is of the best quality, it is also called Evodia. The ancients believed that planting Cornus officinalis when climbing on the Double Ninth Festival can repel insects, remove dampness and drive away wind. Therefore, the dogwood is worn on the arm or ground in a sachet, and is also worn on the head. Most of them are worn by women and children. In some places, the dogwood is also used as medicine to make wine and cure diseases. Planting dogwood and hairpin chrysanthemums have been common in the Tang Dynasty. Dogwood has a strong fragrance, can repel insects and eliminate wind evil, and can eliminate food accumulation and treat cold and heat. It is an ancient folk custom to use dogwood to drive away wind evil. During the Double Ninth Festival, the clear air rises and the turbid air sinks. People use natural medicines such as Cornus officinalis to adjust their health to adapt to natural climate changes.

Customs in various places in China

Jiujiu. Double Ninth Festival—Feasting Party

Double Ninth Festival—Feasting Party

During the Double Ninth Festival in Guangzhou, Guangdong, people went to Baiyun Mountain to enjoy the autumn and keep fit. A banquet was held to honor the elderly. In Huaiji County, the Double Ninth Festival was regarded as the day when Emperor Yuan attained enlightenment. All men, women and children came out of the city to compete with the gods and use cannons. On the Double Ninth Festival in Lianchuan, boys and girls gathered outside the city. Song, people from the state gathered around to watch. During the Double Ninth Festival, Yangjiang City released paper kites and tied rattan bows to the paper kites. The sound was very loud in the air.

In the custom of Hong Kong and Macao, Qingming is the "Spring Festival". , the Double Ninth Festival is the "Autumn Festival". The traditional custom of climbing high to worship ancestors on the Double Ninth Festival continues to this day. In Hong Kong and Macao, the ancient Double Ninth Festival has evolved into a diversified festival.

September 9 in Long'an County, Guangxi. On the ninth day of the ninth month, the cattle and sheep are allowed to look for food on their own. As the saying goes: "On September 9, the cattle and sheep keep their own guard." The Qingming Festival is a spring festival, and the Double Ninth Festival is an autumn festival. Worshiping mountains on the Double Ninth Festival is one of the customs in Lingnan. The tradition of being careful about pursuing the past and considering the past and the source has been followed for thousands of years.

Flying kites on the Double Ninth Festival in Haicheng County, Fujian Province is a show called "Fengcha". According to legend, the ninth day of September is the day when Mazu ascends to heaven. Many villagers go to the Mazu Temple in Meizhou or the Tianhou Ancestral Temple and Palace Temple in Hong Kong to offer sacrifices and seek blessings.

Hainan Hainan celebrates the Double Ninth Festival with customs such as climbing high to look into the distance, planting dogwood trees, sending "Double Ninth Cake", "catching lynxes", and washing mugwort leaves with water.

On the Double Ninth Festival in Jiangsu Province, people in Nanjing cut five-color paper into a bevel shape, connected it to form a flag, and placed it in the courtyard. Cheung Chau County eats a kind of pasta called "Camel's Hoof" during the Double Ninth Festival. During the Double Ninth Festival in Wuxi City, people eat Double Ninth Cake and Jiupin Soup.

Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival

Shanghai Yuyuan Garden holds a chrysanthemum party on the Double Ninth Festival, with scores based on novelty, nobility and rarity. In recent years, Yangpu District in Shanghai has carried out a series of "Happy in the Double Ninth Festival" activities to respect and care for the elderly.

Visit each other during the Double Ninth Festival in Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. In Tonglu County, pigs and sheep are prepared for ancestors on September 9th, which is called the Autumn Festival. At the same time, they also tie rice dumplings on the Double Ninth Festival and give each other gifts, which is called Double Ninth Festival rice dumplings.

On September 9th in Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province, Huangling held the Autumn Sun Festival. Huangling Ancient Village in Wuyuan still retains a good "autumn sun" production and living phenomenon. In autumn, a large number of fresh vegetables and fruits need to be dried and stored, forming a spectacular scene.

Tongling County, Anhui Province holds the Dragon Candle Festival on the Double Ninth Festival to welcome the mountain god. It is said that cutting bamboo horses for fun can drive away the plague. In recent years, Hefei Thermal Power has organized a Double Ninth Festival condolence themed activity.

Yunnan In recent years, Kunming, Yunnan has held "Our Festival·Double Ninth Festival" themed event.

Wuchang County, Hubei Province makes wine on the Double Ninth Festival. It is said that the wine brewed here is the clearest and will not spoil after being stored for a long time. The Double Ninth Festival in Yingcheng County is a day to fulfill vows. On this day, every family worships the god of Fangshe Tianzu.

In the old days of Sichuan, scholars in Nanxi County gathered at Censhan Tower in Longteng Mountain on this day to commemorate the poet Cen Shen, which was called the "Cen Guild". According to the old folk custom, glutinous rice should be steamed to make wine before and after the Double Ninth Festival. As the saying goes: "Wine steamed during the Double Ninth Festival is sweet and delicious."

On September 9th in Xianghe County, Hebei Province, families related by marriage will give each other gifts, which is called "Chasing Festival". Yongping Prefecture uses the weather of the Double Ninth Festival to predict whether it will be sunny or rainy in the future. If it rains on the Double Ninth Festival, it will also rain on these days. There are no mountains in Dianzhou County, so more people in the county climb the tower during the Double Ninth Festival.

Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival

People in northern Changyi, Shandong Province eat spicy radish soup on the Double Ninth Festival. There is a proverb: "After drinking radish soup, the whole family will not be happy." suffer". Folks in Juancheng call the Double Ninth Festival the birthday of the God of Wealth, and every family bakes coke cakes to worship the God of Wealth. Zouping worshiped Fan Zhongyan on the Double Ninth Festival. In the old days, dyehouses and wineries also worshiped the vat god on September 9th. Daughters in Tengzhou who have been married for less than three years are not allowed to go back to their parents' homes to celebrate the festival. There is a saying that "if you go home to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival, your mother-in-law will die."

Shaanxi In the vast rural areas of Shaanxi, on the Double Ninth Festival, green dogwood trees are planted in front of every household’s door, and neighbors give them to each other. During the Double Ninth Festival in Xixiang County, relatives and friends present chrysanthemums and chrysanthemum cakes as gifts. Scholars rewarded each other with poems and wine. It is said that women can cure heartache by picking dogwood by mouth on this day.

The Jinnan area of ​​Shanxi Province has had the traditional habit of climbing on September 9 since ancient times. Enjoying the view of the great rivers and mountains and admiring the scenic spots and historic sites has become a grand event of the festival. To this day, famous sayings such as "The universe is about to open up and we can climb high together", "The east wind cannot hold back, we are slowly rising to the top", "September welcomes the new sky, and agriculture, rural areas and farmers celebrate autumn" are still recited among the people.

Henan In 2010, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference awarded Xixia County of Nanyang City as the "Hometown of Chinese Chongyang Culture" and established the country's only "Chinese Chongyang Culture Research Center" in Xixia. Every year on September 9th of the lunar calendar The "China Xixia Double Ninth Festival Cultural Festival" will be held here every day. Overseas

South Korea In ancient times, the Double Ninth Festival was called Chongjiu. Since the Silla era, there has been a custom of climbing towers and reciting poems on this day. By the Goryeo Dynasty, the banquet on the ninth day of September even became a national custom. The main customary activities include eating Huajian and cauliflower, playing Huajian games and flying kites.

Japan The Double Ninth Festival in Japan was introduced from China during the Heian Period. The princes and nobles of the Heian Dynasty held a chrysanthemum viewing banquet in the palace every ninth day of the ninth lunar month. The Japanese will also put cotton cloth on the chrysanthemums the night before the Double Ninth Festival, and then wipe the body after getting wet with dew on the Double Ninth Festival to pray for longevity. The main customary activities include eating eggplants and eating chestnut rice to offer sacrifices to chrysanthemums.

San Francisco, United States, is a city where Chinese people live together. During the Double Ninth Festival, various chrysanthemums will be sold in flower shops, and some pastry shops will also sell Double Ninth Cake. Many Chinese associations hold elderly banquets, and some elderly service centers also have many volunteers to visit and help the elderly.

Literary description

Famous poems

Traditional festivals have always been complementary to traditional culture. The Double Ninth Festival has the same pronunciation as "Jiujiu", and nine is the number in the number. The largest number, the most noble among numbers, has the meaning of long and long life. Moreover, autumn is also the golden season of harvest. The Double Ninth Festival has far-reaching meaning. People have always had special feelings for this festival. There are many poems in the past dynasties celebrating the Double Ninth Festival. A masterpiece of poetry about chrysanthemums.

Some famous poems

Dynasty

Poetry name

Author

Tang Dynasty

View of Xuanwu Mountain Travel on September 9th

Lu Zhaolin (636-695)

Ninth Day in Shuzhong

Wang Bo (649 or 650-676 or 675)

Climbing Lanshan Mountain in Autumn to Send Zhang Wu

Meng Haoran (689-740)

Visiting the Old Friend’s Village

Meng Haoran (689-740)

Expand all

Folk Ballads

Many folk songs and sayings are about festivals throughout the year, and the Double Ninth Festival is no exception. The following are all songs and sayings about the Double Ninth Festival, which reflect the customs of drinking chrysanthemum wine and flying kites on the Double Ninth Festival, as well as the custom of fortune telling on the Double Ninth Festival.

Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival

Chrysanthemums are yellow, and yellow seeds are strong; chrysanthemums are fragrant, and yellow seeds are healthy; on September 9th, drinking chrysanthemum wine will make people drink chrysanthemums. Drunk on Double Ninth Festival.

September 9th is the Double Ninth Festival; fly the paper harrier, and the line will be long.

Brothers give cakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, and girls give shoes during the Double Ninth Festival in September. (Mulao people)

On the Double Ninth Festival, I tried climbing again. After all, if it is like this every year, what is the credit? Although it is a picturesque autumn mountain, it is good to travel, but what I want to do is to look forward to the day of Double Ninth Festival, so as to know the beauty. You can avoid disasters if you dare to do so, so why not do it early in the morning? Explain that you are traveling alone and trying to find your remaining wife and children. Even if you read a comprehensive book and talk about it, you won't be able to see how old it is. The situation is just a trace of the past, and it is such a worry again. Since you don't know what happened, I don't blame you for doing it. well! Save your steps, why bother looking for trouble. If you don't sit quietly and think about it, it's just as good as trying to scare others.

On September 9th, everyone is going to climb high. You can see the young boys in the class, walking very noisily. Flying a paper kite and dancing high in the sky, the sound of a bow (the sound of a bow) arouses the spirit of a coward. He always wants to be in the limelight, so he needs to work hard to be just right. Although you have prestige, it is a pity that you are not yet full of feathers. I am afraid that if you lose your footing in the sky, you will regret it forever.

It is estimated that a piece of string can be used to hoop the sky, which will not only save a man from disaster, but also prevent it from happening everywhere. well! It's hard to care about life experience, I just hope that God will have mercy and give you some credit.

Myths and Legends

"Xu Qixie Ji":

Like most traditional festivals, the Double Ninth Festival is also attached with a myth and legend as a climbing custom." origin". This legend can be found in "Xu Qi Xie Ji", a mythological and strange novel written by Wu Jun of the Liang Dynasty: Huan Jing of Runan has been studying with Fei Changfang for many years. The Changfang said: "On September 9th, there will be a disaster in your home. It's urgent. Go and have your family members make red bags, hold dogwood in them, tie them to their arms, and climb high to drink chrysanthemum wine. This misfortune can be eliminated." Jing Ruyan said, and the whole family climbed the mountain. Returning in the evening, I saw chickens, dogs, cattle and sheep suddenly dying suddenly. The head of the house heard it and said: "This can be replaced." In today's world, people climb high to drink for nine days, and women carry dogwood bags. This is where the lid begins.

Folk evolution version: According to legend, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a plague demon in Ruhe River. As soon as it appeared, someone would fall ill in every family and people would die every day. The people in this area were ravaged by the plague demon. A plague took away the parents of young Huan Jing, and he himself almost died due to illness. After recovering from the illness, he bid farewell to his beloved wife and fellow villagers, and decided to go out to visit immortals and learn skills in order to get rid of the plague for the people. Huan Jing visited teachers everywhere to find the way, and visited famous mountain masters all over the country. Finally, he found out that there is one of the oldest mountains in the east, and there is an immortal leader with boundless power on the mountain. Huan Jing was not afraid of the dangers and the distance of the journey, and under the guidance of the crane , finally found the mountain and the immortal. On this day, the immortal called Huan Jing to him and said: "Tomorrow is the ninth day of September, and the plague demon will come out to do evil again. You have learned your skills, and you should go back to eliminate harm for the people." The immortal gave him a pack of dogwood leaves and a cup of chrysanthemum wine, and secretly taught him how to ward off evil spirits, and asked him to ride a crane and ride home. Huan Jing returned to his hometown, and on the morning of the ninth day of September, he led the villagers to a nearby mountain as instructed by the immortal. He gave each of them a piece of dogwood leaf and a cup of chrysanthemum wine, and he was ready to conquer the devil. At noon, with several strange screams, the plague demon rushed out of the Ru River. However, as soon as the plague demon rushed to the foot of the mountain, he suddenly smelled the scent of dogwood and chrysanthemum wine, and stopped suddenly. His face suddenly changed. At this time, Huan Jing held a bow The demon sword chased down the mountain and stabbed Wen Mo to death in a few rounds. Later, people regarded climbing on the Double Ninth Festival as an activity to avoid disasters.

Obviously, this story is "purely fictional" and just an attached ridiculous legend. In the historical development and evolution, most traditional festivals are attached with "legends" as their origins. Actual inspection shows that these "tales and legends" are far later than the birth of the festival, and are the result of the construction and substitution of future generations.

Folklore:

Climbing high to look for the nine-section calamus: Legend has it that the custom of climbing high on the Double Ninth Festival began when the First Emperor of Qin ordered the warlock Zheng Anqi to go to Lingnan to look for the elixir of immortality. Zheng Anqi found the nine-section calamus in Baiyun Mountain. During the Festival of Calamus, he unfortunately fell off a cliff and flew up on a crane.

Climbing high mountains to bring back lightning and fire: The ancients believed that the mountains were shrouded in clouds and mist and were home to the dragon that summoned wind, rain and thunder. Moreover, the thunder and lightning in the mountains can bring fire, and the fire can be used to eat cooked food that will turn the fishy smell away.