How to test soil and formulate fertilization for calla lily.

A: Calla lily belongs to Araceae, a perennial plant and flower. Calla lily is an ornamental plant with beautiful flowers and leaves, and it is also one of the important cut flowers in the international flower market. Its flower shape is strange and unique. The so-called flower is actually not its flower but a bract, botanically called Buddha bud. Bracts curled into horns, shaped like calla lily, hence the name calla lily. In the center of the bud of calla lily, stands a bright yellow fleshy column, which is its inflorescence, botanically called spica. There are many inconspicuous small flowers on the inflorescence. The whole inflorescence and bract Ye Ting stand on slender pedicels, which are taller than leaves, slim, handsome and straight, noble and white, so people regard it as a symbol of purity and happiness. The leaves of calla lily are also beautiful, shaped like taro and arrowhead leaves, so they are also called taro and arrowhead flowers. The petiole is slender, the leaves are green, light and colorful, and the green is about to drip. Some varieties also have white spots, like patches of white snow falling on green leaves, crystal clear, elegant and fresh.

Like wet, warm, not cold-resistant. Therefore, it is used as a potted plant in the Yangtze River basin and its northern region in China, and moved indoors after the first frost in autumn. Calla lily does not grow well in dry environment, and its leaves often wither, so it is required to be cultivated in wet soil, and sometimes it can be cultivated as an aquatic plant and raised in shallow water. If the soil moisture is insufficient, the petiole will often break. Different growth stages have different requirements for light. In the early stage of growth, the tolerance to shading is stronger. Entering the vigorous growth stage requires sufficient sunshine; When it comes to flowering, more light is needed. If the light is not good, the color will be abnormal, the yellow variety will turn yellow-green, and the white variety will have a green taste.

(1) Fertilization for open field cultivation The open field cultivation of calla lily should choose fertile clay loam land. Compost and plant ash are used as base fertilizer in soil preparation. After deep ploughing and fine harrowing, the low frame with a width of 90 ~ 120 cm was made. In mid-April, calla lily tubers were planted in the border according to the row spacing of 30 cm and the plant spacing 18 ~ 25 cm. Keep the soil moist during the growing period. In addition to paying attention to watering in dry season, you can also cover the soil with wormwood to reduce soil evaporation. Top dressing every 20 ~ 25 days 1 time, the fertilizer can decompose human feces. When topdressing liquid fertilizer, avoid pouring fertilizer water into the leaf sheath to avoid rot. Flowers begin to bloom in June. After flowering, it is necessary to control watering and stop fertilization, and plants will gradually enter a dormant state. 5438+1in the middle of October, the tuber was dug out and stored indoors for the winter. (2) Fertilize the potted calla lily, and the potting soil should be clay rich in humus. Generally, potting soil is made of 4 parts garden soil, 3 parts peat soil, 2 parts compost soil and 1 part river sand, or 5 parts garden soil, 3 parts compost and a proper amount of plant ash. Planting will be carried out in early September. As potted plants, flowerpots with a diameter of 12 cm can be used, and each potted plant has 1 ~ 2 tubers; Flower pots with a diameter of 18 cm or more can be used for cut flower cultivation, with 3-5 tubers in each pot. Plant the tuber evenly in a pot, cover it with 1.0 ~ 1.5 cm soil, then water it 1 time and place it in a cool place. After emergence, move the pot to the sunny place, water it 1 time every day, and topdressing it 1 time every1day. 10 Move the flowerpot into the greenhouse in late June and place it in a sunny place. The room temperature should be above 15℃, and the night temperature should not be lower than 10℃. Flowers can bloom around the Spring Festival. If the room temperature is raised to about 20℃ and the management of fertilizer and water is strengthened, the flowering period around New Year's Day can be advanced. After flowering, watering should be gradually reduced, and it can be removed from the greenhouse in mid-April and placed in a slightly shady place. When the old leaves of plants begin to wither, watering should be gradually stopped if the plants are urged to sleep. After the leaves are basically withered, the leaves can be poured out of the pot and placed in a well-ventilated room, so that the nutrients in the leaves can be gradually transferred to the tubers. After all the leaves are dried, shake off the soil, separate the big and small tubers, dry them slightly, then put them flat in a container or put them in a breathable basket, store them in a cool place, and check them regularly to prevent mildew. In addition, you can also cut off dead leaves, tilt the flowerpot, then pour the pot before planting, shake the soil and take out the tubers, and replant them respectively.

During tuber storage, if it can be transferred to a low temperature environment of 65438 00℃ two months before sowing, the growth and development after sowing in autumn will be better than normal.

Another cultivation method is to change the Huang Shi to cut off the yellow leaves after the old leaves move out of the house, put the pot on the edge of the shade shed, and water it properly every time to keep the soil moist. When it rains, the flowerpot can be turned upside down to prevent water accumulation in the flowerpot and prevent the tuber from becoming moldy due to high temperature and high humidity. When the plants grow again after the cool weather, the water amount can be gradually increased, fertilization can be resumed, and then they can be transferred to the greenhouse for culture at the end of 10.