Have there been any major climate anomalies or diseases in China in recent decades?
In 1991, plum rain began in the Jianghuai and Taihu basin areas early, with heavy rainfall intensity, stable plum rain belts, and heavy plum rain volume. The total rainfall in less than 2 months from the end of mid-May to the beginning of mid-July is generally 500-1000 mm, and reaches 1000-1300 mm in some areas, which is more than 50% more than normal. In most of the Jianghuai River, the rainfall is about 2 times more. , major floods occurred in the Huaihe River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Taihu Lake Basin. Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other provinces and cities were affected by the disaster with a population of more than 100 million, 230 million acres of crops affected, more than 1,200 deaths, millions of collapsed houses, and direct economic losses of about 70 billion yuan. .
From December 22 to 30, 1991, my country experienced a large-scale cooling and rainy and snowy weather process. The lowest temperatures in many areas of northwest and northern China, eastern southwest, Jiangnan, and southern China broke the record for the same period in history. Records: the lowest temperature dropped to -10~-15℃ in Jianghuai and -5~-12℃ in Jiangnan. Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake were frozen. The maximum ice thickness of Taihu Lake was 15 centimeters, which was the most severe freeze since 1954. Crops, vegetables, fruit trees, etc. were severely damaged by freezing in some areas of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan and other provinces, including 10.17 million acres of rapeseed and 1.25 million acres of citrus in Jiangxi Province. .
In 1992, most areas in eastern my country experienced less precipitation, a wide range of droughts, and a long duration. The Huanghuai and middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and other regions suffered from heavy late autumn droughts. The drought-stricken area of crops across the country is 490 million acres, of which 250 million acres are disaster-affected and more than 38 million acres have failed to harvest.
From the end of early to mid-January 1993, my country experienced widespread cooling and rainy and snowy weather. In many areas, the average temperature in mid-January was the lowest for the same period since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Crops in Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and regions have suffered varying degrees of freezing or cold damage. Among them, more than 8 million acres of crops in Guangdong Province alone have been affected, and 1.6 million acres of freshwater fish have been affected by freezing, causing economic losses of up to 4.1 billion yuan. From January to March, most areas of Qinghai Province experienced several consecutive moderate to heavy snowfalls. The snow cover generally reached 15-50 centimeters, and locally reached 1 meter. In addition, the temperature continued to be low, making it difficult for the snow to melt. The snow cover in the south and around Qinghai Lake A severe snowstorm occurred in the area, with more than 13.4 million livestock affected and a total of 1.47 million dead. In early April, affected by strong cold air, the lowest temperature in central and southern Hebei dropped to -3-8℃, and 14.6 million acres of winter wheat, vegetables, etc. were affected by the freeze.
The strongest sandstorm since 1927 occurred on May 4-6, 1993. It affected 72 counties in 18 prefectures and cities in the four provinces of Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia. The wind force was generally level 6-7 and locally reached level 9-10. The maximum instantaneous wind force reached level 12, the lowest visibility was close to zero, and the wind and sand The sandstorm wall formed is 300-400 meters high. Affected by it, 5.6 million acres of crops were affected in 4 provinces and regions, 120,000 livestock were killed or lost, 85 people died, 31 people were missing, many roads and railway transportation were interrupted, and direct economic losses reached 540 million yuan.
During the flood season of 1994, two obvious rain belts swayed in Nanling and Northeast China for a long time, and heavy rains were frequent. The Xijiang, Beijiang, and Xiangjiang rivers experienced the largest floods since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the Ganjiang River experienced the second largest floods. More than 76 million people were affected in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Jilin and other provinces and regions, 100 million acres of farmland were affected, more than 1,000 people died, and direct economic losses were nearly 80 billion yuan.
During the flood season of 1995, heavy rains occurred frequently in Jiangnan and the southeastern part of Northeast China. The precipitation in the northern part of Jiangnan from early June to early July was generally 350-500 mm, with some areas reaching 500-900 mm. The precipitation is 50% to 2 times higher; the precipitation in most areas of Liaoning and Jilin provinces from late July to early August is generally 200-500 mm, which is 1-3 times higher. The Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake water systems and the mainstream of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Major floods occurred in the Liaohe River, Hunhe River, Second Songhua River, and Yalu River, affecting tens of millions of acres of farmland in Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces, resulting in more than 2,200 deaths and direct economic losses of more than 110 billion yuan. .
From November 1995 to March 1996, snowfall occurred frequently in southern Qinghai and some pastoral areas in Tibet. The snow depth in most areas of Yushu Prefecture, Qinghai Province is about 40 centimeters, with the deepest reaching 2 meters. Nearly 10,000 Tibetan herdsmen and 300,000 livestock scattered across 280,000 square kilometers were once besieged by the heavy snow. 108 livestock died due to snow disasters across the prefecture. Ten thousand heads (only). Tibetan pastoral areas have experienced five consecutive large-scale heavy snowfalls in March, with local snow accumulation reaching 1. 5 meters, causing 450,000 people and 9 million livestock to suffer from snow disaster, and 1.5 million livestock died.
In the second half of February 1996, due to the influence of strong cold air, the temperature dropped by 10-18℃ in most areas of the country, reaching 18-22℃ in Jiangnan and South China. The average temperature in most of South China and the eastern part of southwest China in the last half of February was 1964 The lowest value for the same period since the beginning of the year. Various provinces and regions in the south suffer from varying degrees of low temperature and freezing damage. Among them, 150,000 tons of pond fish were frozen to death in Guangdong, and 2.9 million acres of winter potatoes and 2.2 million acres of tropical and subtropical fruits were generally affected, with economic losses reaching 4.6 billion yuan. In Guangxi, 15.6 million acres of winter crops were affected, and 350,000 acres of fruits were damaged.
On July 31 and August 1, 1996, Typhoon No. 9608 made landfall in Keelung, Taiwan and Fuqing, Fujian. When it landed, the maximum wind force near the center was level 12, and the coastal tide level exceeded or was close to the highest tide level in history. Typhoons and their weakened low pressure penetrate deep into the interior and cause widespread wind and rain disasters. More than 54 million acres of crops were affected in more than 10 provinces and cities including Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, and Shaanxi, more than 700 people died, and direct economic losses exceeded 65 billion yuan.
In 1997, most areas north of the Yangtze River received less rainfall, and droughts were widespread and long-lasting. In particular, most areas in the north continued to experience little rainfall and high temperatures in summer. The precipitation from June to August was generally 150-300 mm, which was relatively low. The decrease is 20% to 40%, and the decrease is as much as 50% to 70% in some areas of North China and Northwest China. The summer drought is the most severe. That year, the crop area affected by drought nationwide reached more than 500 million acres, of which 300 million acres were affected by disasters. The Yellow River has been drying up many times since February 7, and as of November 21, it had been drying up for a total of 222 days. The drying section once reached more than 700 kilometers.
In the summer of 1997, sunny, hot and high-temperature weather occurred successively in North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, Huanghuai and other places. Among them, the number of high temperature days of ≥35℃ was more than 10 days in central and southern North China and eastern northwest China, and more than 30 days in some areas. days, reaching 60 days in Yuncheng, Shanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi and other places, with the highest temperature exceeding 41°C in some places.
In 1998, following the winter and spring floods in some parts of the south, most parts of the country experienced more precipitation than normal in summer, with frequent heavy rains. The precipitation in most of the Yangtze River Basin generally ranged from 700 to 1,000 millimeters, and in some areas It reaches 1000-1500 mm, and most of the Nenjiang River Basin also has 350-550 mm, which is 50% to 1.5 times more. The Yangtze River once again experienced a basin-wide flood after 1954, and the Nenjiang and Songhua Rivers experienced extremely large floods that exceeded historical records. flood. That year, the area affected by heavy rains and floods nationwide reached 334 million acres, affecting 180 million people (times), resulting in 4,150 deaths, 685 collapsed houses, and direct economic losses of 255.1 billion yuan.
From late mid-March to early late March 1998, affected by strong cold air, strong winds and strong cooling occurred in most areas of the country. The lowest temperature along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River dropped to -11-2℃. And it snowed. Low-temperature snowfall has caused frost damage to crops covering an area of 55 million acres in Anhui, Jiangsu and Henan provinces.
In 1999, precipitation continued to be low in most areas of the north. Winter and spring droughts occurred in the northern winter wheat region and some areas in the south; in summer, most areas north of the Yangtze River received significantly less precipitation, and there were no floods during the flood season. The seasonal precipitation was generally 20% to 50% less, and in some areas it was 50% to 80% less. After September, precipitation in North China, eastern northwest, parts of the Huanghuai River and northern Hubei continued to be less than normal, resulting in severe summer and autumn droughts in most of the above-mentioned areas. That year, the crop area affected by drought nationwide was 450 million acres, resulting in direct economic losses of 78 billion yuan.
In the summer of 1999, two periods of continuous sunny, hot and high-temperature weather occurred in North China and its surrounding areas. The number of high-temperature days of ≥35℃ generally ranged from 10 to 25 days; the highest temperature in Beijing reached 42.2℃ on July 24. , the highest temperature since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
From late June to late August 1999, the temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River continued to be low, resulting in a rare "cool summer". Among them, there was no high temperature ≥35℃ in Shanghai, which was unprecedented since 1883; the "cool summer" weather in Jiangsu was the worst in the past 40 years. Due to insufficient accumulated temperature, crops grow poorly, the growth period is delayed, and even harvest fails.
From mid-to-late December 1999 to early late December, due to the influence of strong cold air, the minimum temperature in most areas south of the Yangtze River dropped below 0°C, and widespread low-temperature freeze damage occurred in South China, Southwest and other places. The affected area of crops reached more than 80 million acres, and direct economic losses in the four provinces of Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, and Fujian alone amounted to about 30 billion yuan. Among them, the lowest temperature in the Kunming Expo Park in Yunnan Province dropped to -9℃, 80% of indoor plants were frozen, and many cold-resistant plants were also frozen to death.
In 2000, there was less precipitation in most areas of the country. Most areas in the north experienced severe droughts in spring and summer. Spring droughts or summer and autumn droughts also occurred in some areas in the south. The drought-stricken area of crops nationwide was 600 million acres, and the area with no harvests was 120 million acres, of which Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other provinces are suffering from the most severe drought. Due to the drought, more than 300 cities at or above the county level across the country, including Tianjin, Changchun, and Jinan, are short of water.
In the summer of 2000, many areas in North China, South China and other places were hit by heat waves. Some areas in North China, central and eastern Jiangnan, and South China had more than 20 high temperature days of ≥35℃. Among them, Chengde, Hebei Province , Beijing, and Guangdong Lian County reached 28, 26, and 44 days respectively, which were 25, 21, and 22 days more than the same period in normal years. Chengde City, known for its cool summers, had its highest temperature exceeding 40°C for three consecutive days from July 12th to 14th, with the temperature reaching 43.3°C on the 14th, the highest temperature since the station was established; Wuhan City, one of the three "furnaces" in July There were 5 days when the minimum temperature exceeded 30℃, and the temperature reached 31.1℃ on the 28th, which was the highest daily minimum temperature in the city's meteorological records in the past century.
In 2001, most areas across the country experienced less precipitation, especially in the northern region. After two years of drought and drought in 1999 and 2000, another large-scale severe drought occurred.
As of early June, the area of drought-stricken crops across the country reached 420 million acres, the largest for the same period since the 1990s, and 44.6 million people and 14.5 million livestock suffered from temporary drinking water difficulties. After entering midsummer, the Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the east have continued to experience high temperatures and little rain, resulting in severe drought. In autumn, some areas in Northeast China, North China, Huanghuai and other places are still experiencing varying degrees of drought. That year, drought-affected crops nationwide reached 570 million acres.
In just one week in early July 2001, Guangxi was hit by two typhoons "Durian" and "Ute" one after another. There were widespread torrential rains or heavy rains, and the floods in the Xijiang River trunk and tributaries surged. , the largest floods since the founding of the People's Republic of China occurred in Nanning, Guigang and other river sections of the Yongjiang River. More than 10 million people in 48 counties, cities and districts in the region were affected by the disaster, more than 400,000 people were once besieged by floods, more than 1,000 acres of crops were affected, and direct economic losses were more than 15 billion yuan.
Other unusual weather conditions include the snow disaster in the south in 2008 and the current drought in the five southwestern provinces.
Diseases are mostly spread from foreign countries. If it breaks out in our country, it will mainly be SARS.