Quantum technology fortune telling

Based on the principle of quantum mechanics, quantum technology combines cybernetics, computer science and electronics methods in engineering to realize effective control of quantum systems. On the one hand, the study of quantum technology will help people to understand the basic scientific problems of quantum physics in a deeper level, greatly broaden the research direction of quantum mechanics, on the other hand, it will also strongly promote the application of laboratory technology to industrialization.

In the past twenty years, quantum technology has made great progress, and has gradually moved from the experiment of quantum physics research to the interdisciplinary industrial application. The current quantum technology can be roughly divided into the following four areas:

A. Quantum communication, which uses quantum states to encode, transmit, process and decode information, especially using quantum states (single photon states and entangled states) to distribute quantum keys;

B. Quantum computing, which uses the superposition property of quantum states of multi-bit system to design a reasonable quantum parallel algorithm and realize it through a suitable physical system (generalized quantum computing);

C. Quantum simulation, under the premise that general quantum computers cannot realize it, demonstrates some physical phenomena that are difficult to realize in other systems (special quantum computing) by using small-scale quantum systems that can be well controlled at this stage;

D. Quantum sensing and measurement, which uses the high sensitivity of the state of quantum system to the environment to detect the specific parameters we are interested in with high sensitivity.

The present application of quantum technology is different from the early application of quantum mechanics (such as laser). It uses quantum properties such as superposition, entanglement and compression to acquire, process and transmit information. The energy to deal with some problems in this way far exceeds the traditional means. The core advantages of quantum technology mainly come from the following characteristics of quantum system:

A quantum superposition, that is, the quantum state of a quantum system can be in the superposition state of different quantum States, which can make quantum information processing have greater potential than classical information processing in efficiency;

B. Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon of particle interaction in a system composed of two or more particles, although these particles may be separated in space. This multi-particle correlation property can be used for quantum encryption, remote teleportation and improving the sensitivity of quantum sensing.

C quantum cannot be cloned, that is, it is impossible to accurately copy any unknown quantum state in quantum mechanics, which ensures the absolute security of quantum communication in principle;

D. Nano-scale, quantum devices can achieve nano-scale, which can greatly improve the spatial resolution of quantum sensors.