What is the difference between hurricane, typhoon and tornado?
Hurricane
Etymology
The word hurricane comes from the demon Hurican in the Caribbean language. It is also said to be one of the creation gods in Mayan mythology. One is Hurakan, the god of thunderstorms and whirlwinds. The word typhoon comes from Typhon, the son of Gaia, the mother of the earth in Greek mythology. It is a monster with a hundred dragon heads. Legend has it that its child is the terrible gale.
As for the Chinese word "typhoon", some people say it comes from Japanese, while others say it comes from China. In the past, there were frequent storms along the southeastern coast of China. Local fishermen collectively called them "strong winds", which later turned into typhoons.
Classification of hurricanes
Although hurricanes and typhoons have different names, their properties are the same and they are both tropical cyclones. A tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic or Eastern Pacific with central winds reaching Category 12 or above (that is, more than 32.7 meters per second) is called a hurricane. According to the advancing distance of the hurricane center per hour, the U.S. National Hurricane Center divides hurricanes into five categories: Category 1 hurricanes 119 kilometers to 153 kilometers; Category 2 hurricanes 154 kilometers to 177 kilometers; Category 3 hurricanes 178 kilometers to 209 kilometers; Category 4 hurricanes 210 kilometers Kilometers - 249 kilometers; Category 5 hurricanes are more than 249 kilometers. As for tropical cyclones that occur in the Western Pacific and reach the same intensity, they are called typhoons. Traditionally, typhoon is also used to collectively refer to all tropical cyclones that occur in the northwest Pacific.
Hazards of hurricanes
In the northern hemisphere, typhoons rotate counterclockwise, while in the southern hemisphere they rotate clockwise. It is usually accompanied by strong winds and heavy rains, seriously threatening people's lives and property, causing a great impact on people's livelihood, agriculture, economy, etc., and is a serious natural disaster.
Causes and effects
One reason why hurricanes are produced in tropical oceans is because warm seawater is the "fuel" for their power. As a result, some scientists have begun to study whether a warming earth will bring stronger and more harmful tropical storms. Most meteorologists believe the Earth appears to be getting hotter. They believe carbon dioxide and so-called greenhouse gases from the atmosphere are making the planet warmer. Researchers warn that people must think seriously about global climate change decades or even centuries from now. It should be pointed out that a weather and climate event, such as a strong hurricane or an active hurricane season, does not mean that the global climate has warmed.
Typhoon
Typhoons and hurricanes are both a type of wind, but they occur in different places and have different names. Typhoons are in the western North Pacific, west of the international date, including the South China Sea; Tropical cyclones in the Atlantic or eastern North Pacific are called hurricanes, which means they are called hurricanes in the United States and typhoons in the Philippines, China, and Japan.
A typhoon is a severe tropical cyclone that occurs on the tropical ocean. Typhoons are often accompanied by strong winds and heavy rain. The wind direction rotates counterclockwise. Isobars and isotherms are approximately a set of concentric circles. The central air pressure is the lowest and the temperature is the highest.
Typhoon classification
Typhoons are classified according to the maximum wind strength near the center of the tropical cyclone. In the past, the Chinese Meteorological Department called winds of magnitude 8 to 11 typhoons, and those of magnitude 12 and above were called strong typhoons. Since January 1, 1989, the internationally unified classification method has been adopted. When the maximum wind force near the center is between level 8 and 9, it is called a tropical storm. When the maximum wind force near the center is between level 10 and level 11, it is called a severe tropical storm. The maximum wind force near the center is called a severe tropical storm. When the wind force is level 12 or above, it is called a typhoon. In 2006, according to the notice of the China Meteorological Administration on the Implementation of the National Standard for Tropical Cyclone Levels GBT 19201-2006, tropical cyclones were divided into six levels based on the maximum wind speed on the ground near the center: When the maximum wind speed near the center is level 16 or above, it is called super strong. A typhoon is called a severe typhoon when the maximum wind force near the center is level 14-15. It is called a typhoon when the maximum wind force near the center is level 12-13. It is called a severe tropical storm when the maximum wind force near the center is level 10-11. When the maximum wind force is between magnitude 8 and 9, it is called a tropical storm, and when the maximum wind force near the center is between magnitude 12 and 13, it is called a tropical depression. For simplicity of description, they are still collectively referred to as typhoons below.
Typhoon tracks
Typhoon tracks can be roughly divided into three categories: ① Westward-moving typhoons move westward from the east of the Philippines, pass through the South China Sea, and finally end up on Hainan Island in China or northern Vietnam Login. ② Landing type: The typhoon moves northwest, passes through the Taiwan Strait, makes landfall along the coasts of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang, China, and gradually weakens into a low pressure. This type of typhoon has the greatest impact on China. The two typhoons "9015" and "9711" that have had the greatest impact on Jiangsu in recent years belong to this type. ③Parabolic type: The typhoon first moves northwest, and when it approaches the eastern coastal areas of China, it does not make landfall but turns northeast, toward Japan, and its path is parabolic. Typhoon disaster. Typhoon is a very destructive and disastrous weather system, but sometimes it can also play a beneficial role in eliminating drought. There are three main aspects of its hazards: ① Strong wind. The maximum wind force near the typhoon center is generally above level 8. ②Heavy rain. Typhoons are one of the strongest rainstorm weather systems. In areas where typhoons pass, they can generally produce 150mm to 300mm of rainfall. A few typhoons can produce extremely heavy rains of more than 1,000mm.
Typhoon No. 3 in 1975 produced extremely heavy rains in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River, creating the extreme heavy rains in mainland China and forming the "75.8" flood in Henan. ③Storm surge. Generally, typhoons can increase the water content of coastal seawater, and the maximum water increase along the coast of Jiangsu Province can reach 3m. Typhoons "9608" and "9711" increased water levels, causing unprecedented high tide levels along the rivers and coasts of Jiangsu Province.
After a typhoon forms, it usually moves away from its source and undergoes a process of development, weakening and extinction. A mature typhoon has a circular vortex radius of generally 500km to 1000km and a height of up to 15km to 20km. The typhoon consists of three parts: the peripheral area, the maximum wind speed area and the typhoon eye. The wind speed in the outer area increases from outside to inside, with spiral cloud bands and bursts of precipitation; the strongest precipitation occurs in the maximum wind speed area, with an average width of 8km to 19km, and there is an annular cloud wall between it and the eye of the typhoon; the eye of the typhoon is located in the typhoon In the central area, the most common typhoon eye is round or oval in shape, with a diameter ranging from about 10km to 70km, with an average of about 45km. The weather in the typhoon eye is windless, less cloudy, dry and warm.
Typhoon numbers
China numbers the tropical depressions that enter the west of 150 degrees east longitude, north of 10 degrees north latitude, and have strong winds of Category 8 near the center in the order of their appearance each year. , this is the "Typhoon No.
The number of a typhoon is also the number of a tropical cyclone. The reason why people number tropical cyclones is, on the one hand, because a tropical cyclone often lasts for more than a week, and several tropical cyclones may appear in the ocean at the same time. With serial numbers, there will be no confusion; on the other hand, because of the The naming, definition, classification methods and determination of the center position are different in different countries and different methods. Even in the same country, they are not exactly the same between different meteorological stations. Therefore, various misunderstandings are often caused, resulting in Confusion in use.
Since 1959, our country has begun to regulate tropical cyclones with near-center maximum winds greater than or equal to Category 8 (intensity between tropical storms and above) are numbered in the order in which they appear. Offshore tropical cyclones. When the cloud structure and circulation are clear, you only need to obtain a report that the maximum average wind near the center is level 7 or above. Also numbered. The number consists of four digits. The first two digits represent the year. The last two digits are the serial numbers of tropical cyclones above storm level that year. For example, last year's Typhoon No. 13 "Dujuan" was numbered O313. It represents the 13th tropical cyclone above storm level that occurred in 2003. Tropical depressions and tropical disturbances are not numbered.
Typhoon naming
People began to name typhoons in the early 20th century. It is said that the first person to name a typhoon was an Australian forecaster in the early 20th century. He named the tropical cyclone The weatherman could publicly joke about it for politicians he didn't like. In the Northwest Pacific, the official naming of typhoons after people began in 1945. At first, only women's names were used. Later, it is said that due to opposition from feminists, starting in 1979, a man's name and a woman's name were used alternately. It was not until the 30th meeting of the Typhoon Committee of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) held in Hong Kong from November 25 to December 1, 1997 that tropical cyclones in the northwest Pacific and the South China Sea were named with Asian-style names. The new naming method will be used from January 1, 2000. The new naming method is a naming list that is developed in advance and then recycled year after year in order. There are 140 names in the naming list, including Cambodia, China, North Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Micronesia, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam in the Asia-Pacific region to which WMO belongs. Provided by 14 member countries and regions. 10 names are provided for each country or region. These 140 names are divided into 10 groups, with 14 names in each group. Listed in alphabetical order by the English name of each member state. Use in sequence. at the same time. Keep the original tropical cyclone numbers.
Browse the typhoon naming list. People's names are rarely used anymore, and most of them use the names of animals, plants, food, etc. Some names are certain adjectives or beautiful legends, such as Jade Rabbit, Wukong, etc. The name "Dujuan" was provided by China. It is the rhododendron we are familiar with: the "Korowang" that landed in our country some time ago was provided by Cambodia and is the name of a tree: "Morak" was provided by Thailand, meaning emerald: "Ibudu" is A name provided by the Philippines meaning a chimney or water pipe that carries rainwater from a roof to a gutter.
Under normal circumstances, the pre-established naming list is recycled year after year in order, but in special circumstances, the naming list will also make some adjustments, such as when a typhoon causes particularly serious disasters. After the typhoon became infamous due to disasters or casualties, it became a well-known public name. In order to prevent it from having the same name as other typhoons, the name was deleted from the current naming list and replaced with a new name.