Life of Characters in Ma Fang's Works
In the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), the Mongolian Tatar Khan Batummunk dispatched 100,000 cavalry and invaded Fu Xuan and Datong border towns on a large scale. The border guards of the Ming Dynasty collapsed at the touch of a button, with a history of "breaking more than ten cities and plundering tens of thousands of people". Eight-year-old Ma Fang also became a victim, his hometown and village were burned to the ground, his parents were scattered in the escape, and Ma Fang, who was still a child, was looted by Mongolian cavalry. Since then, I have started a life that is "comparable to the poverty of China's youth". Young Ma Fang lived on Mongolian grassland and became a slave rider. After that, Ma Fang lived as a slave who was driven away and humiliated by others for more than ten years.
Ma Fang is a slave in a foreign land, but he bears the burden of humiliation. From then on, Ma Fang at a young age began to "bend the wood into a bow", perfected martial arts, and finally learned the skill of "archery without false hair". In the Mongolian military camp that worships warriors, his position has also been rising. When he was young, he once hunted with Altan Khan. Suddenly, a gorgeous tiger appeared and pounced on Aritan. They cried and ran away in panic, but Ma Fang did not change his face, bent his bow and arrow, and killed the tiger on the spot. Aritan admired Ma Fang and gave him "a good bow and arrow, a good horse". Since then, Ma Fang has become a "left and right squire" with Tian. Over the past few years, following Aritan's expedition to the north, I not only gradually learned about Aritan's combat mode, but also became familiar with the activities and internal weaknesses of Mongolian tribes. Although Ma Fang was highly valued by Aritan, his heart was in the Ming Dynasty.
In the 16th year of Jiajing (1537), Ma Fang took the opportunity of hunting, followed Youtian to the periphery of Datong, a town near the Ming Dynasty, stole horses at night, and went to Datong military camp overnight. After arriving in Datong, Ma Fangxian was arrested by the guards, but he was lucky in the end. At this time, the company commander of Datong is Zhou, who is "resourceful, good at riding and shooting, and will be talented." When the talented star saw Ma Fang, he was immediately "surprised" and appointed him as the captain. Not only that, Zhou also helped Ma Fang find her long-lost parents, and they were reunited. The deeply grateful Ma Fang vowed: "I will do my best to exile the Tatars and die to serve the country."
Since then, Ma Fang has repeatedly made meritorious military service, starting from the captain and fighting in every battle. Because I have lived in Mongolia for many years and am familiar with the operational characteristics of Mongolian cavalry, I can hit the enemy hard in every battle. Especially in the 28th year of Jiajing (1549), he made a plan to copy the back road of Mongolian cavalry, forcing the Mongolian army to retreat northward. Zhou Shangwen praised: "You can do it one day."
In the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), in June, the "Gengxu Rebellion" broke out. A Le confessed to Datong, and the company commander Zhang Da and the deputy company commander Lin Chun all died. Xuan Qiu Luan, the mayor of Dalian, was afraid of having nothing to do, but bribed Anda with a large sum of money to stop him, so as not to commit Datong. In August, Aritan entered Gubeikou, killing and plundering countless people. In September, Ma Fangxian, who is already a thousand households, met Tian in Huairou. Ma Fang took the lead and beheaded Tian Department on the spot. Forced Aritan to retire temporarily, but it did not help the whole war. Two months later, Mongolian cavalry invaded Weiyuan, Shanxi, and Ma Fang led the troops to meet the enemy. He first saw through his opponent's trick of luring the Ming army with weak cavalry, and then introduced the Mongolian army into the ambush circle of the Ming army, and was defeated in a fierce battle. After the victory, the ministers thought that the enemy had retreated and breathed a sigh of relief. However, Malaysia calmly judged that the enemy was bound to make a comeback and immediately deployed it in Yemachuan. Seeing that the Mongolian cavalry was killed, they were outnumbered and dismounted without fear. The life department will retreat first, and he will personally lead the best soldiers to patrol. A fierce battle led to the collapse of the Mongolian army, and the Malaysian side immediately turned to attack and pursued it to the Nihe River in Shanxi to break the enemy again. In the same year, Ma Fang was first promoted to guerrilla general in Fu Xuan, then to commander-in-chief of Zhengyipin, and was added as commander-in-chief of Zhengyipin at the end of the year.
When Ma Fang was stationed in Fu Xuan, he was at odds with Qiu Luan, a henchman in Yan Song. Punished for the defeat in Shandun Town, the surprise attack on the Mongolian army was forced to retreat and stolen by Qiu Luan.
After Ma Fang first returned to Datong and was appointed as the "captain", he often rushed to the front and killed the enemy. His comrades secretly took the nickname "Crazy Horse Song and Dance Show". When Fu Xuan was appointed as a guerrilla, Ma Fang re-established the method of "the army should sit on the same side", stipulating that in the face of battle, the rear team should defeat the front team, the generals should fear the enemy, and the soldiers should defeat the generals. Every time he fought, he still took the lead in the enemy line and led his men to move forward bravely. However, Malaysia still has to "cure the problem." In the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552), Ma Fang went to the Ministry of War and put forward that "you can get a tiger teacher by publicizing the government and defending the country with the villagers." The court adopted this suggestion and recruited young people to join the army in Shanxi. Ma Fang even decided that "the quality of soldiers should pay attention to the effect of training." He not only formulated strict training regulations on reward and punishment management in the military, but also recruited local Boxers and Mongolian soldiers as instructors, and often "demonstrated and killed people by himself" during training. Ma Fang is also saddened by the bad habit of abusing foot soldiers by generals in the Ming Dynasty. When he was transferred to the guerrillas in Fu Xuan, he ordered Qin Bing to conduct a secret investigation in the army, and successively punished more than 20 general officers who abused soldiers and deducted soldiers' wages, which greatly promoted military discipline. After being promoted to the company commander, Malaysia even promulgated strict regulations, stipulating that general officers who abused foot soldiers should be punished with at least 80 sticks, and those who embezzled rations should not only be tortured, but also their property should be confiscated. In order to prevent local dignitaries from arbitrarily deploying soldiers as slaves, Ma Fang actually "drew his sword and angered" a dignitaries in Shanxi, eventually forcing them to return more than 300 soldiers who had been recruited. Malaysia also selected dozens of the best people from its own soldiers to form "home soldiers", which played a great role in several wars in the future.
But the Malaysian side also knows that Aritan and his Mongolian elite riders can't be defeated by hard training. For example, he once told Zhao, Minister of the Ministry of War, that the Ming army was "incomparable" compared with the Mongolian army. One is that the Mongolian army is "born to ride and shoot", and the other is "coming and going in a hurry, paying attention to one thing and losing another". The third is "no fixed place to live, freedom to advance and retreat". In order to solve these three "incomparable" problems, Malaysia did not suggest that defense should be the mainstay and that the enemy's attack should be deterred by building side walls. Instead, it creatively thought and put forward the operational idea of "riding instead of walking". That is to say, first, combined with the "overlapping array method" of Wu Ling in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Ming army gave full play to its technological advantages in firearms and assembled firearms for the border cavalry on a large scale. In the battle, musket cavalry, cavalry and swordsmen cooperated with each other and killed repeatedly to "make up for the lack of riding and shooting." It was at this time that the cavalry of the Ming dynasty began to equip large-scale three-eye large-caliber short guns, five-eye spears and other repeating firearms. In terms of operational thinking, Ma Fang took "quick action" to the extreme, and advocated sending elite cavalry units to carry out anti-assault on Mongolian grasslands every winter and spring, aiming at looting horses and burning grasslands, and destroying Mongolian combat resources to the maximum extent. When the Mongolian army invaded south, it should not close its passive defense, but should aim at long-distance surprise attack, cut off the rear road of the Mongolian army and gather the effective strength of the Mongolian army. As he himself said: "The key to capture is to anticipate the enemy's first move. As soon as the enemy moves, I will move first. There is only one way to win. Ride my firearm and shoot long, beat the enemy crossbow and shoot short, and hit the enemy hard in traffic jams. "
Ma Fang's proposal caused an uproar in the ruling and opposition parties. As early as when he was a member of the Senate, xia yang, an adviser to the imperial court, impeached him for being "arrogant and greedy." Zhao Yingkui, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, even denounced his "riding" tactics as "fishing for fame and not knowing about border affairs". As an official, Ma Fang is quite clean. When Qiu Luan, the governor of Dalian, was in office, Shanxi local generals always gave gifts as usual during the New Year, which was euphemistically called "winter ceremony". Malaysia not only does not participate, but also often makes excuses to avoid it. After Qiu Luan was found guilty, Yang Shun, Xuanda's successor governor, would only retreat for peace when Mongolian cavalry invaded, and would only make posturing pursuit after the enemy retreated. Moreover, he often ordered his men to slaughter the fleeing Han Chinese, shave their heads and pretend to be Mongolian soldiers to supplement their work. For this kind of behavior, Ma Fang angrily resisted and ordered his subordinates to "kill those who take credit". Because of its incorruptibility, when Qiu Luan was in office, he took credit for the surprise attack on farmland, and when Yang Shun was in office, he was also implicated in being punished for "sitting down and losing". Although Ma Fang seems to be ignorant of human feelings, he is actually quite learned. He didn't "honor" Qiu Luan, because he knew that Qiu Luan was "aggressive and greedy and could not last long." Resist Yang Shun's "killing good people" because he understands that this move "will bring resentment and anger, which will inevitably lead to sin". In fact, Wang Bangrui and Zhao Jin, ministers of the Ministry of War, are very friendly to him. Later, Wang Chonggu, the famous governor of Xuanda University, even regarded Ma Fang as a "bosom friend". Every time Malaysia defends a place, in addition to carefully training and defending, it pays more attention to collecting local rare local products and giving them to "superior leaders", which finally pays off. Since then, Malaysia has chosen to train soldiers and reorganize its armaments. Both funds and weapons have been supported by its superiors, and it has always "given them excellent soldiers and good equipment". Yan Song's son Yan Shifan is also jealous of Ma Fang. He once warned Yang Shundao: "Although (Malaysia) is clean on the surface, it is also cautious and cannot be cited as revenge."
At this time, after the war was reopened in the 30th year of Jiajing (155 1), Tian invaded the border of the Ming Dynasty year after year, destroying countless fortresses in the border towns of the Ming Dynasty, especially in the 32nd year of Jiajing (1553). From February to 10, the five major military defenses of Daming were declared, namely Datong, Yansui, Ningxia and Gansu. During the period, dozens of officers at all levels, such as generals, generals and commanders, died in battle, and the army suffered heavy losses.
At the same time, however, Malaysia began to fight back. In the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (1555), Yoda did the same thing, bypassing the Xuanda defense line and leading cavalry to attack Huairou area outside the capital city of Ming Dynasty again. At that time, tens of thousands of reinforcements were afraid of Aritan's military strength and dared not go to war. At the critical moment, Ma Fang, who was still a participant, attacked and led two thousand elite cavalry in a bloody battle with Tian Jun in the security guard (competing for Hebei). It was Ma who bravely killed the enemy and dared to fight hard, killing more than ten miles of Tanabe. Tian, who was hit hard, did not know the actual situation of the Ming army, and immediately ordered the whole army to withdraw from the north. In this battle, Ma Fang was stabbed five times and his mount was also shot. You can say that you are fighting with your life. Zhu Houzong, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, sighed after listening: "The brave are just horses." Meng Jun also knows Ma Fang's fame and respectfully calls him "Master Ma". Ma Fang's bravery made him famous in the First World War.
In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing (1557), Ma Fang, who has repeatedly made meritorious military service, temporarily left Shaanxi and was promoted to deputy commander-in-chief of Yuji Town. This time, his main opponent was replaced by the Tuman Department of Mongolia, which invaded the eastern border of the Ming Dynasty for a long time. As soon as Ma Fang arrived, Tu Man launched 100,000 cavalry to invade the south. Ma Fang ordered his "home soldiers" to attack the Mongolian army from the flank and cooperated with the general commander Ouyang An. On hearing this, Ma Fang immediately "refused to show". Knowing that the opponent was a "Master Ma" who had hit the Mongolian cavalry several times, hundreds of thousands of local cavalry immediately retreated hastily. As soon as the Tumans retreated, Aritan made a comeback. In June of the same year, Yutian invaded Hebei Province. Due to the ineffective command of Wang Xun, then governor of Hebei and Liao, the Ming army was destroyed, and Zunhua, Yutian and other important towns fell one after another. Ma Fang led the cavalry to make a long-distance attack, which hit the Mongolian cavalry hard in the First World War of Jinshan Temple, forcing Aritan to retreat north again. However, after the war, Malaysia was investigated for failure and was implicated. He was deprived of the post of deputy commander-in-chief on the charge of "weak resistance to the enemy" and was demoted to governor.
In the 40th year of Jiajing (156 1), Ma Fang moved to Fu Xuan and confronted Youtian again.
In the 40th year of Jiajing (156 1) in August, some fields invaded the south, which was different from the previous scattered harassment. This time, it was changed to "key attack" and the soldiers attacked Shanxi. However, the local troops of the Ming army fled in succession, but Ma Fang, who was in Fu Xuan, was determined to "pre-empt". When Aritan began to move south, he found the movement of his troops. After repeated planning, he finally decided to attack Shaanxi from Fu Xuan, which dealt a heavy blow to Youtian. Zhao Yong, the deputy commander, is worried that the risk is too great, and Shaanxi is not a protected area in Fu Xuan, so "wait and see" can be avoided, and once it fails, it will be unforgivable. Ma Fang said generously: "Now the enemy is fierce. If you can't avoid it, you will surely lose. If you are a soldier in the imperial court, you will have the responsibility to defend your land. How can we share it with each other? The gentleman owes his country for many years and just killed the enemy to serve the country. Even if the battle is doomed to fail, he will beat me. Despite this, Malaysia also knows that this war is dangerous. Before leaving, he told the three armed forces that if there were brothers in the army, the younger brother would stay; If both father and son are in the army, the son will stay. As a result, all the soldiers are "passionate and scrambling." "Ma Fang immediately led the army to March five hundred miles overnight, arrived at the periphery of Datong, and finally captured the main force of Youtian. At this time, it was early morning, and Malaysia was in no hurry to attack. He first sneaked into the Mongolian military camp and set it on fire with his elite "home soldier athletes" as the guide, and then shouted "A man named Ma came" when the Mongolian military camp was in chaos. Then the horse fought bravely and stormed the Mongolian army ahead. Aritan who was caught off guard was really defeated. The Ming army fought bravely with death, and the Mongolian army "panicked and trampled to death." However, in the face of unexpected situations, Aritan responded decisively. He calmly integrated the military forces and ordered the troops to alternately cover the retreat and stay in person. After a desperate struggle, we finally succeeded in resisting the storm of the Malaysian side and safely pulled away from the north. Aritan refused to retreat twenty miles, and he was at loggerheads with Malaysia.
After the success of the first battle, Malaysia continued to advance towards Aritan, and Aritan, who intended revenge, continued to fight with Malaysia in places such as Tuerling and Yinlongjiang. Fu Xuan and Qi Jing of the Malaysian side fought and killed many times. Knife soldiers, musketeers and archers rushed back and forth like a flood, and musketeers and soldiers cooperated with each other to take the lead, which frustrated the Mongolian army, which was only good at riding and shooting. Under the uniform killing and roaring musketeers, Mongolia suffered heavy casualties after several battles. However, Aritan's army is well trained. Every time the war situation is unfavorable, you can give full play to your mobile advantage and retreat safely through alternate cover. After five consecutive wars, although Malaysia won one after another, it was still unable to hit the enemy hard. Aritan retreated while fighting, and gradually retreated to Huai 'an area on the border of the Ming Dynasty. Aritan intends to make the Jedi fight back. First, a small number of cavalry were deceived and defeated to lure horses into the grassland beyond the Great Wall, in an attempt to lure them to the grassland beyond the Great Wall, and then the power of Mongolian cavalry was exerted to annihilate them. As expected, Ma Fang led the troops in a dash, and Aritan was overjoyed. He was preparing to panic in it, but he saw the wings of the Mongolian army suddenly appear in front of the Ming army. It turned out that Ma Fang's exclusive "home soldier athletes" rushed from the flank, and the Mongolian army was cut off after the fighting started. An ambush war originally planned by Arita turned into a war of "killing around the clock" to annihilate the Ming army. Ma Fang himself still took the lead in rushing to the enemy line, and even killed "saber to cut three". After a night of fighting, the Mongolian cavalry finally fell. Ma Fang went out of the village, attacked it, defeated it, chased it, fought to the death, and won seven out of seven. From Datong, from Datong to Huai 'an, Ma's offensive distance was thousands of miles in this campaign. When the good news came, Daming was shocked up and down, and the ruling and opposition parties were ecstatic. Sejong Gama was placed as the left commander, and was promoted to the company commander of Fu Xuan.
After Ma Fang was promoted to Fu Xuan company commanders, in order to achieve the goal of "pre-emptive strike", he often ordered Qin Bing to dress up in disguise and mix with the refugees who had been captured by the Mongols for many years, taking the opportunity to mix with the "undercover" of the Mongols. Malaysia also painstakingly rebelled against the "traitors" trusted by Aretan, and successively developed a number of "informants", and took the opportunity to send detailed reports to mix with them. These people sent by Malaysia to "lurk" have since sent back all kinds of important information. Therefore, Malaysia knows all about the activities of Mongolian tribes, especially the Aritan Department. Ming Shi called him "courageous and knowledgeable, knowing the enemy's situation." At the beginning of Wang Chonggu's appointment as commander-in-chief of Xuanda, he had discussed the war with Malaysia. Afterwards, he praised: "Although Hu Qi came and went in a hurry, he could not escape Ma Guixin (Ma Fang)."
With the correct information, Ma Fang gradually boldly realized his "preemptive strike" strategy. Since becoming a general, Ma Fang has started to form a "family soldier" belonging to him. Whenever the intelligence of the invasion of Aritan came, Ma Fangli scattered his "home soldiers" on the border between Ming and Mongolia, forming several "teams" of 30 to 40 people. When Aritan invaded on a large scale, Ma Fang's "home soldiers" immediately went out on all fronts to carry out crazy retaliatory attacks on the Mongolian rear, either robbing horses, burning grasslands, or attacking the trench of Aritan, with Ma Fang as the main force. After being the company commander of Fu Xuan, Ma Fang became bolder. In addition to harassing Aritan frequently every year, he often organized the main force to launch a large-scale crusade against Mongolian tribes on the border. According to historical records, he repeatedly "bowed his head to supervise the war or sent maids and generals" and "played several times a year" and "gained more, but suffered great shock". At the largest scale, Ma Fang personally led an army to attack 400 miles. After destroying the Mongolian tribes in Xinghe area of Inner Mongolia, he "climbed high and looked far, swaggered and made a comeback" on the site of the local old fortress. However, in the forty-second year of Jiajing (1564), Ma Fang led the main force to attack north beach, Inner Mongolia, with the intention of hitting the main force of Youtian hard. However, Aritan cleverly bypassed the Malaysian soldiers, raided Fu Xuan in the Malaysian jurisdiction and attacked the important city of Qin Long. Afterwards, Ma Fang was severely reprimanded by the court for the crime of "invading the DPRK" and was removed from the post of Governor Zuo. Bearing in mind his past achievements, he was ordered to "make meritorious deeds"
Since Ma Fang became the company commander of Fu Xuan, the focus of Youtian invasion gradually shifted to Yansui, Ningxia and Gansu. Influenced by the Malaysian side, the frontier generals, such as company commander Yan Sui and company commander Jiang of Datong, also took the initiative to launch counterattacks against Mongolian tribes many times. Although there were victories and defeats, Tian, who was afraid of the Ming army's counterattack, did not dare to March forward as bravely as in the past. In addition, Mongolian tribes suffered frequent snowstorms for several years, which caused Aritan to suffer heavy losses several times and gradually fell into decline.
In order to reverse the situation, in July of the 45th year of Jiajing (1566), Youtian assembled 100,000 cavalry, with his eldest son Ai Xin as the commander-in-chief, and launched a large-scale attack on Wanquan Youyu (now wanquan town, Hebei), a border town of the Ming Dynasty, from which Ma Fang ushered in the most dangerous World War I in his life-the Battle of Fort Ma Lian.
It is the key point of the Great Wall on Fu Xuan West Road in Ming Dynasty. In the Ming-Mongolian War, it was not only a strategic place to contain the attack of Mongolian army, but also repelled the invasion of Mongolian army several times. However, Aritan once used 100,000 elite soldiers. Once the right-wing guards fall, Aritan will no longer worry about this invasion. Not only will Hebei be poisoned, but the safety of Beijing will also be seriously threatened.
After the war broke out, the Ming Dynasty reacted quickly. Bai Yang, the minister of the Ministry of War, ordered five company commanders, Guyuan, Yansui, Fu Xuan, Datong and Yuji Town, to lead the elite troops to the rescue. Ma Fang led Fu Xuanjun to meet the main force of the Mongolian army in the front, and the reinforcements of Yuji Town attacked from the flank. The elite soldiers of Datong, Yansui and Guyuan ambushed in Tiancheng and Yanghe, Shanxi, with the intention of assembling the main force of the Mongolian army.
Ma Fang, who took the lead, was a key pawn in the Ming army's strategy. However, Ma Fang led 10,000 chosen men to Ma Lian Castle, 20 miles north of Wanquan Youwei, and was stopped by Mongolian troops. Then the 100,000 main force of the Mongolian army rushed in and was outnumbered. A lieutenant suggested that they immediately withdraw south and join the Wanquan right-back garrison before fighting. Ma Fang flatly refused: "The enemy is like a broken bamboo, and it is dangerous to avoid it." Immediately ordered the whole army to fortify the fort and raise the banner of "horse" to confront the Mongolian army. At this time, the reinforcements of Datong, Yansui and Guyuan are far apart, and the reinforcements of Yuji Town are still on the way. Wanquan's right-back defenders are thin, and Ma Lian Fort in Malaysia is an out-and-out Jedi. Not awed by Ma Fang's fame, the Mongols did not dare to launch an onslaught immediately, and only sent a small number of cavalry to test continuously. Ma Fang calmly responded and ordered his men to make a scene, posing as tens of thousands of soldiers sitting in the town. The Mongolian army, who didn't know the actual situation, didn't dare to approach, and only used hard crossbows and earth shovels to bombard them indiscriminately. The two sides confronted each other until the afternoon. At this time, the ruins of Fort Ma Lian suddenly collapsed under the attack of Mongols. Just as the Ministry of Malaysia was in a hurry to repair the wall, the Malaysian side flatly stopped it. Instead, the whole army was ordered to put an end to it, and even the harassment of Mongols stopped fighting back. At that time, the whole army put on an "empty city plan."
After nightfall, in order to test the reality of the Malaysian side, the Mongolian army made a full-scale offensive gesture with great fanfare, and even lit torches and shouted insults all night. At that time, "wild melting is rampant", but Ma Fang was in no hurry, and ordered his men to openly open the gates of Fort Ma Lian, while he sat quietly in the military tent and turned a deaf ear to the provocation of the Mongolian army. Under the false reality, the Mongolian army was really fooled and clamored all night, but did not dare to attack rashly. The "empty city plan" finally won valuable counterattack time for Malaysia. The next morning, Ma Fang went to the front to observe and judged that the Mongolian army was preparing to retreat. Malaysia immediately ordered the whole army to pursue, first ordered the firearms to explode, and then the whole army attacked. The Ming army "shouted and killed the conflict, which was unstoppable." The Mongolian army caught off guard was defeated again. Not only was it chased by Ma Fang for dozens of miles, but it was also driven into Datong, where the Ming army had been ambushing for a long time. The elite soldiers of Yansui Town took the opportunity to go through the customs and fought bravely all the way. "The beheading was heavy along the way", and Aritan was defeated again. This situation is just like what Bai Yang said in the post-war memorial: "This battle is a common enemy, chasing troops north, and it is hearty and rare." For Ma Fang, he is full of praise, saying that "with the wisdom and courage of Han and Li Guang, it is the first merit to defeat the battle."
Five months after Wan Quan won the war, Sejong died, and his son Ming Mu Zong Zhu Zaihou succeeded him. The country name was changed to "Qin Long" the following year. At the beginning of his reign, Mu Zong vigorously rectified the northern frontier defense, and Ma Fang was reinstated as the left viceroy.
From the first year of Qin Long (1567) 1 month to April, Youtian invaded Jiyun, Fu Xuan, Datong, Guyuan and other towns seven times in a row, and the Ming army struggled to defend it, forcing Youtian to return in vain. Desperate, Tian, according to the traitor's suggestion, after careful planning, ordered his son Ai Xin to lead fifty thousand cavalry to feint Yuzhou in November of the second year of Qin Long (1568). After the attack, Ma Fang took advantage of his weakness to send elite cavalry to attack Fu Xuan, in an attempt to repeat the mistakes of the blitzkrieg in Fu Xuan in the 42nd year of Jiajing. However, Ma Fang was not fooled. When the Mongols attacked Fu Xuan, they not only saw that Fu Xuan Town was ready for the battle, but also the Malaysian side cut down the surrounding trees and formed a fence around the city wall, forming a line of defense to curb the assault of Mongolian cavalry. Arita said that he had to lead the army to withdraw from the north "it is impossible to prevent." Ma Fang still led the army to pursue 200 Li, and finally defeated the main force of Aritan in Inner Mongolia.
You Tian immediately assembled heavy troops to kill Li in Mafang and launched another attack. When Aritan's soldiers approached, Malaysia was still eating. When Ma Fang heard the news, he immediately "threw the food on the ground" and shouted to the people, "Take the food away". He immediately led the troops out to join forces with Aritan Army in Anzishan, Inner Mongolia, and defeated Aritan again, forcing it to retreat. After the war, Ma Fang ordered people to cook delicious food and bury it with the bones of the soldiers killed in this war. Chen Qixue, then president of Xuanda University, lamented: "If you love soldiers so much, there must be a tiger teacher."
After Fu Xuan's defeat, Yoda turned to attack the Datong area near Fu Xuan. Chen Qixue, the governor of Xuanda University, misjudged and ordered Zhao Ke, the company commander of Datong, to be heavily stationed at Zijingguan. Although he once repelled the enemy, Tian escaped from reality, attacked the enemy, bypassed Zijingguan and attacked Huairen and Yin Shan. In a rage, Chen ordered Ma Fang, then the company commander, and Zhao, the company commander of Datong, to replace Ma Fang and guard Aritan, while Aritan turned to storm the Weiyuan area under his jurisdiction. Ma Fang led the army to aid, and Ari frankly withdrew from the north.
In the face of Tian's intrusion, Ma Fang decided to take the initiative to attack, as he said to the generals, "to make great things." In June of the fourth year of Qin Long (1570), Ma Fang discovered that Tian had stationed his main force in Haizi, Xianning (now Shangdu, Inner Mongolia), and concentrated all his main forces to attack. Before the war, Malaysia ordered the three armies to give up supplies and take three-day rations each to show their disappointment. On April 7, the whole army marched, and along the way, "people are silent, horses are holding chess pieces" and they marched quietly at high speed. When they arrived at the periphery of Haizi in Xianning on April 8, Yutian didn't know. On April 9, Malaysia launched a general attack in the early hours of the morning, first attacking with firearms. Ma Fang's "home soldiers" suddenly attacked from the two wings of Aritan camp. Ma Fang led the main force to make a frontal assault, and another elite rider intercepted and killed on the escape road of Aritan. Alitan once again fell into the trap, and Ma Fangjun "was besieged on all sides and rushed to kill" and Tian Jun "abandoned the camp hastily and was trampled on, and the deceased was very heavy." After a night of bloody battle, Aritan finally escaped, and the Ming army followed closely, pursuing dozens of miles from Haizi in Xianning to the west. Aritan suffered heavy casualties in this battle. Only a dozen tribal leaders were captured and countless war horses were seized, which can be called "great creation" in history. Wang Chonggu, who just became the governor of Xuanda University, was overjoyed when he read the battle report: "Datong can be fine for the time being."
In September of the same year, because Tian Qiang married his grandson, Hua Er's fiancee Unachu, in a rage, Hua Er took ten men to Datong to defect to the Ming Dynasty. Tian was furious when he heard the news, and immediately led more than 100 thousand cavalry to the periphery of Datong in an attempt to force the Ming Dynasty to hand over Hannaji by force. However, due to the strict defense of Malaysia, Aretan did not take advantage at all. On the one hand, Wang Chonggu was far-sighted and properly placed Hannaji, on the other hand, he proposed to the Ming Dynasty to take the opportunity to please Tian Tian. Gao Gong and Zhang, who were in power at that time, gave their full support. It turned out that Ai Xin, the eldest son of Arita, pretended to send troops to help Arita, but in fact he stayed put in an attempt to seize power by taking advantage of Arita's relationship with the Ming Dynasty.
At the beginning of October, after Ma Fangxiaosheng had Tian, Wang Chonggu sent Bao Chongde and Baijia to talk with Tian. After some debate, Tian finally gave in and said, "If the son of heaven makes me king and governs all the northern ministries, I will make a promise to be a vassal and never rebel again." After receiving Aritan's promise, the two sides reached an agreement: Aritan returned more than a dozen traitors, including Zhao Quan, who had defected to Mongolia before, to the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty conferred Hanaji as commander-in-chief and sent them back to Aritan as gifts.
On the fourth day of December, Tian arrested Zhao Quan, Li, Wang Tingfu, Zhao Long, Zhang, Liu Tianlin, Ma Xichuan, Liu Xichuan and Laojiu as traitors, and the Ming Dynasty also promised to return Hanajili to Mongolia. In order to prevent Aritan from retaliating, the envoys of the Ming Dynasty even warned Aritan that "your grandson is now a court official, so don't be humiliated." On that day, the grandparents and grandchildren of Youtian and Huazhi "hugged each other and cried, kowtowing to the south again and again." Yoda even paid tribute to the Ming dynasty and vowed not to engage in Datong. After the exchange of personnel, Aritan took the initiative to show kindness and ordered the Mongolian tribes such as Kunduz and Jineng to stop invading the border of the Ming Dynasty. Wang Chonggu also appealed to the court of the Ming Dynasty, suggesting that the Ming Dynasty "reward Alitan with the story of the loyal and obedient king" and "allow the public to enter Beijing" and open a mutual market on the border to achieve long-term stability in Ming and Mongolia. Although courtiers accused Wang Chonggu of "inviting near success, but Philip Burkart", with the support of Gao Gong, Zhang and others, in five years (157 1), on March 28th, the Ming Dynasty finally conferred Tian as "Shunyi King", and his brothers, sons and nephews were appointed as viceroy, tongzhi and Qianhu, and
On May 7th, Arita officially held the ceremony of "King Shunyi was sworn in" at the Matai in the north of Datong City, vowing that "there will be no rebellion for generations to come". This oath has really come true. Later, not only other tribes in Mongolia followed suit, but even "all the Hetao departments sought to join in", "the border was contemptible and safe, and thistle was declared as a good thing" After more than 60 years of life, the border people don't know how to fight and how to change. "This incident ended the large-scale war between Ming and Mongolia and reached the famous" Qin Long Peace Conference ".
The success of the "Qin Long Peace Talks" was triggered by Hua Zhi's "defection" and was carefully planned by Gao Gong, Zhang and Wang Chonggu. However, there is also Malaysia that cannot be ignored. At the beginning of the incident, it was Malaysia's watertight excuse that created an environment for negotiations between the two sides. When Wang Chonggu explained the reason of "tribute" to the courtiers, he also made the Ming army stronger than Mazhuang. After the success of the "peace talks", Wang Chonggu praised Ma Fang for "the success of the peace talks and Fang's contribution" in his memorial. For Aritan, although the sincerity of the Ming Dynasty in the "defection" incident was the reason for his peace, the more important reason is that in the state of perennial war, after the "economic blockade" of Mongolian tribes by the Ming Dynasty and the military strikes by frontier generals such as Ma Fang, Aritan has actually become a weak force.
After the success of the "Qin Long Peace Conference", Ma Fang, as the company commander of Datong, was ordered to lead a fine soldier to escort Wang Chonggu to Hongcibao in the north of Datong every May to meet with the leaders of Mongolian ministries and publicize Wade in the Ming Dynasty. Every time, the Malaysian Ministry is a "mighty soldier, and all ministries are served."
In the first year of Wanli (1573), Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun ascended the throne. In the political struggle in the early years of Wanli, Gao Gong, a former cabinet official, was deposed and replaced by Zhang, a great scholar. Later, as a confidant of Gao Gong, Wang Chonggu was impeached by Chen Tang, an imperial envoy, and had to resign. Ma Fang was not spared later. The old story of bribing senior North Korean officials and sharing "trophies" with soldiers was revealed by Wu, assistant minister of the inspection department. Although Bai Yang, the minister of the Ministry of War, intervened, the court removed Ma Fang from his post and ordered him to "go home and be idle". Soon after, he was appointed as the former commander-in-chief of the army.
In the fifth year of Wanli (1577), Yoda asked the imperial court for a reward and threatened to fight against each other. The imperial court immediately activated Ma Fangfu as the company commander of Fu Xuan. After Ma Fang came to power, he reorganized the military forces and led the cavalry to hold many "hunting trips" in the suburbs, and the banner of "Ma" was displayed fiercely in front of Mongolian tribes. When Mongolian ministries heard the news, they were frightened and said, "The horse owner has returned." Aritan rushed to the court to "apologize and repent". The original explosive war disaster has been eliminated.
In the seventh year of Wanli (1579), Ma Fang retired from his hometown because of overwork and finally returned home.
In February of the 9th year of Wanli (158 1), Ma Fang died in his hometown of Yuzhou at the age of 64. After hearing the news, Zongshen held sacrifices and funerals as usual. After his death, Ma Fang was buried in Xinpingbao, north of Datong (now 50 miles north of Tianzhen, Datong, Shanxi). Since then, after the war, its tombstone and bones have been lost.