The origin of the Double Ninth Festival?
The Double Ninth Festival was mentioned in Chu Ci during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan wrote in "Travel Far": "Gathering the Double Ninth Festival into the Palace Que, and seeing the capital in ten days", but the "Double Ninth Festival" here refers to the sky, not just the festival.
The origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to the early Han Dynasty. It is said that in the palace, on September 9 every year, Cornus officinalis is accompanied, fed with bait and drunk with chrysanthemum wine, in order to live longer. After the murder of the love princess Qi of Liu Bang, the emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Jia, the palace maid, was also expelled from the palace, and this custom spread to the people.
In Nine Days Zhong You written by Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, it was clearly written that Chongyang kept the festival: "From the year to the month, I suddenly returned to September 9. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon coincide. It is well known and considered suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. "
Probably in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a custom of drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty said in the preface to "Idle for Nine Days": "I am idle and love the name of Nine. Autumn chrysanthemums are full of flowers, but they hold glutinous rice, take nine flowers and send words. " Chrysanthemum and wine are mentioned here at the same time Tao Yuanming is famous for his seclusion, poetry, wine and love for chrysanthemums. In the old days, in order to get close to Tao Yuanming, scholar-officials often combined chrysanthemum appreciation with feasting.
In ancient times, there was the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival, so it was also called "Climbing Festival". According to legend, this custom began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many climbing poems in the Tang Dynasty, most of which are the custom of writing the Double Ninth Festival. Du Fu's Seven Laws "Ascending the Mountain" is a famous article about climbing the mountain in Chongyang. There is no uniform rule for climbing mountains. Generally, we climb mountains and towers.
There is also the custom of eating "Chongyang cake" on the Double Ninth Festival. Exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on it, which conforms to the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some even put a little red paper flag on the Double Ninth Festival cake and lit candles, probably replacing "climbing" with "lighting" and "eating cake" and replacing Cornus officinalis with a little red paper flag.
In the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival. Wearing dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival was recorded in Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty, but it was very common in the Tang Dynasty. The ancients thought that inserting dogwood in the Double Ninth Festival could take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on your arm, or make a sachet and put it in it, or wear it on your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, chrysanthemum appreciation was very popular in Kaifeng and Chongyang. At that time, there were many kinds of chrysanthemums, and some of them were cut into dogwood and chrysanthemums for each other. In the Ming Dynasty, on the Double Ninth Festival in September, the palace would eat flower cakes together to celebrate, and the emperor would personally climb the Long Live Mountain to celebrate his autumn ambition. This custom has been passed down to the Qing Dynasty.
After the Qing dynasty, the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums was particularly prosperous, and it was not limited to September 9, but it was the most prosperous around the Double Ninth Festival. The custom of Double Ninth Festival in Beijing in Qing Dynasty is to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows to "get rid of evil and filth and get rich", which is said to have evolved from the custom of wearing chrysanthemum.
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