Be careful of these six diseases in hot weather
Due to the high temperatures in recent days, the departments with a significant increase in patients are mainly concentrated in the emergency department, gastroenterology department, neurology department, panel department and other departments with high incidence of diseases in summer.
According to experts, diseases with high incidence in hot weather mainly include: heat stroke, gastroenteritis and viral hepatitis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cervical spondylosis, "air conditioning disease", and panel disease caused by sunburn.
Experts remind that in hot weather, you must pay attention to your work and rest patterns to ensure adequate sleep; you must pay attention to balanced nutrition in your diet and pay attention to replenishing water; in air-conditioned environments, you must pay attention to the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors; in addition , maintain a good mood, and increase exercise appropriately, preferably in the evening. To prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, avoid hot and cold periods, and pay attention to hydration
"In many people's understanding, only low temperature weather is the period of high incidence of stroke. This is not the case. Summer is also the period of high incidence of stroke. "Professor Gao Cong, chief physician of the Department of Neurology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, said that research shows that when the temperature exceeds 32°C, the incidence of stroke is 66% higher than usual. As the temperature rises, the risk increases. It will also increase. The reason, Gao Cong analyzed, is that first of all, the human body sweats more in hot weather, and the body is prone to lack of water, and the viscosity of the blood will also increase. This is undoubtedly a problem for patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It can easily become a trigger for thrombosis or even stroke; secondly, in hot weather, whether it is a public place or a home, air conditioners will be used to cool down. When the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is too large and frequent entry and exit, it is easy for the cerebral blood vessels to contract and relax repeatedly. Especially for people at high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it is easy to cause blood circulation disorders in the brain, and in severe cases, cerebral infarction.
Therefore, Gao Cong reminds you that during high-temperature seasons, you must pay attention to hydration to avoid thrombosis or even ischemic stroke caused by increased blood viscosity, especially for people at high risk of cerebral vascular disease. Drink at least 1500ml of water every day. At the same time, do not wait until you are thirsty before drinking a lot of water. Pay attention to "drinking water in small sips and small amounts many times." In addition, it is recommended that the air conditioning temperature should not be lower than 26°C to avoid cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents caused by excessive temperature differences.
Recommend two dietary formulas for patients with hypertension
Dr. Liu Jia, PhD, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, specially recommends two dietary formulas suitable for patients with hypertension. 1. Winter melon and grass carp soup
Medicinal effects: It has the effects of calming the liver, dispelling wind and removing heat. It is commonly used among the people to treat headaches, dizziness, high blood pressure and other diseases caused by excessive liver yang.
Preparation method: 250~500g winter melon and 200~250g grass carp (fish tail is better) can be used each time. First fry the fish tail in oil until golden brown, add appropriate amount of water together with winter melon, simmer for 3 to 4 hours, add a little salt, season to taste and serve. 2. Crispy kelp
Medicinal effects: kelp acid has a blood pressure-lowering effect, and starch sulfate has a blood-lipid-lowering effect. However, those with weak spleen and stomach in the middle burner should not eat too much.
Preparation method: 90 grams of kelp, 15 grams of flour, 3 grams of sesame oil, 300 grams of vegetable oil, appropriate amounts of soy sauce, salt, a little each of sugar, vinegar, rice wine, minced garlic, and water starch.
(1) Cut the kelp into diagonal pieces, batter it with flour, then fry it in an oil pan until the batter is slightly dry, then take it out and wait until the oil is reheated. , put it back in and fry until golden brown, then take it out.
(2) Leave 9 grams of oil in the pot, heat the pot again, pour in the juice mixed with soy sauce, minced garlic, salt, sugar, vinegar, rice wine, etc., bring to a boil and pour in water starch , thicken it into thick soup, pour the kelp into the thick soup in the pot, and drizzle with sesame oil when it comes out of the pot. To prevent heat stroke, drink less alcoholic beverages and high-sugar drinks
"High temperature environment is the main cause of heat stroke in summer." Chen Dexiong, deputy chief physician of the emergency department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, said that heat stroke refers to the human Under the action of long-term high temperature, high humidity and thermal radiation, it causes temperature regulation dysfunction, heat dissipation dysfunction, leading to water and electrolyte metabolism disorders and nervous system function damage syndrome.
Under normal circumstances, in weather with room temperature exceeding 35°C, if people are engaged in heavy physical labor, strenuous exercise, or excessive exercise for a long time in an environment with high humidity, poor ventilation, or under strong radiation from heat sources. Heatstroke can occur if you are exposed to the scorching sun and lack the necessary heatstroke prevention and cooling measures.
"The symptoms of heatstroke can be divided into premonitory heatstroke, mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke." Chen Dexiong said that premonitory heatstroke generally includes mild dizziness, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, thirst, general weakness and difficulty walking. Stable, the body temperature generally does not exceed 37.5℃; mild heatstroke, in addition to the above symptoms, may also include elevated body temperature, flushing, chest tightness, dry and hot face, or early symptoms such as pale complexion, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and drop in blood pressure. Symptoms: In severe heat stroke, in addition to the above symptoms, there may also be sudden fainting or convulsions after sweating, irritability, thirst, oliguria, muscle pain and limb weakness.
The principle of rescue for heat stroke is to quickly cool down, quickly remove the person with heat stroke from the high-heat environment, move it to a cool and well-ventilated place, unbutton the clothes, let the patient lie down, and apply a cold water towel to his head. Fan the patient and give him/her a cool drink. Mild heatstroke requires infusion treatment if necessary.
To prevent heatstroke in hot weather, you should mainly pay attention to the following aspects: Replenish water in time, and do not wait until you are thirsty to drink water. Alcoholic beverages and high-sugar beverages will cause the body to lose more water and should not be consumed in large quantities during high temperatures. Ensuring adequate sleep can relax the brain and body systems and is a good measure to prevent heatstroke. Eat less high-oil and high-fat foods and reduce calorie intake. You can usually eat more tomato soup, mung bean soup, soy milk, sour plum soup, etc. When going out, avoid midday hours, wear sunscreen, wear a wide-brim hat or parasol, and wear sunglasses. Appropriately reduce outdoor exercise in high temperatures. The elderly, children, and patients with basic cardiopulmonary and mental diseases are most likely to suffer from heatstroke symptoms and must be observed carefully. To prevent cervical spondylosis, it is most important not to let the cervical spine catch cold
"Summer is the season when cervical spondylosis is most common." Xu Haibin, deputy director of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, analyzed that people usually do not sleep well in hot weather. , it is easy to stiffen the neck; at the same time, if the air conditioner temperature is too low or the fan blows hard, it is easy for the neck to get cold, especially for office white-collar workers, cervical spondylosis is most likely to relapse. Factors such as hot weather, lack of outdoor activities, and irritability can also induce cervical spondylosis. Typical symptoms are dizziness, headache, hand numbness, stiffness, etc.
Xu Haibin also pointed out that summer is also a good time to treat cervical spondylosis. Because the temperature is high in summer, the blood circulation in the neck accelerates, the cervical joints, ligaments and muscles become stretched, and the nerves become active, which is beneficial to taking away the "garbage" in the neck and eliminating bone spurs, edema, etc. At the same time, joints, ligaments, and muscles become stretched in summer, which is conducive to the reduction of the intervertebral disc and the revitalization of nerves, and is conducive to the elimination of cervical pain and numbness.
"Clinically, most patients with cervical spondylosis have the characteristics of bone dislocation, tendon injury, and qi and blood blockage." He said that in treatment, "triple therapy" of bones, tendons, and blood is usually used. Tongzhi method. First, based on cervical spine X-ray examination, the displacement of the vertebrae in patients with cervical spondylosis is determined, and then the fixed-point reduction method is used to restore the displaced vertebrae to the correct position. Subsequently, local acupuncture is used to adjust the tendon muscles to relieve the tension in the neck muscles. At the same time, according to traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation, the method of dredging qi and blood is adopted, and drugs that are taken orally or injected to dredge blood vessels are used to achieve the passage of qi and blood.
To prevent cervical spondylosis, Xu Haibin suggested that you should first protect your cervical spine from catching cold, especially do not blow air conditioners or fans on the cervical spine; secondly, you should exercise appropriately, such as walking, overlooking, and exercising your neck and back muscles, etc. ; Third, appropriate calcium and protein supplements. Avoid sunburn and avoid applying ice immediately after getting sunburned
Weng Zhisheng, chief physician of the Panel Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, said that sun exposure causes greater damage to panels, and prolonged exposure to the sun can easily lead to dehydration and drying of panels. In this state, the panel's resistance to ultraviolet rays decreases, and sunburn is prone to occur. The most common ones are redness, peeling, swelling, etc. Some may also feel a burning sensation on the local panel, and some may even feel pain when touching clothing.
"If the panel has been sunburned, it should be soothed immediately. You can first go to a cool place and clean the uncomfortable part with clean water or mineral water." Weng Zhisheng reminded that at this time, the water temperature can be slightly lower. However, do not apply ice immediately. Otherwise, one hot and one cold will have too great impact on the panel.
"After the panel cools down, you can apply safe products with simple ingredients such as aloe vera gel to replenish moisture." Weng Zhisheng said that the panel is relatively fragile after sun exposure, so exfoliation is not recommended, and some deep cleansers are also suspended. Use, otherwise the panel will become thin and peel. For skin care after sun exposure, use milder cleansing products and apply skin care products that are easily absorbed. Do not rush to use skin care products that are too sticky.
In addition, the diet after sun exposure should be light, eat more fruits, vegetables, cereals and high-quality protein, and avoid drinking alcohol and spicy food. Choose clothes made of soft and breathable fabrics such as pure cotton and silk. Generally speaking, the symptoms of sunburn can recover in about a week. After returning to normal, you can follow your previous skin care habits.
However, Weng Zhisheng reminded that sun protection is very important in summer. Holding an umbrella, wearing a hat, and applying sunscreen can all play a role in sun protection. Every 15 minutes or so of outdoor activities, you should go to a cool place to rest and replenish water. You can also pat clean mineral water on the panel to rehydrate to prevent sunburn. To prevent gastrointestinal diseases and mild diarrhea, you can take berberine by yourself
"Summer is the season with the highest incidence of gastrointestinal diseases," Huang Yueqian, deputy chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, said, "Summer is the season when gastrointestinal diseases are most common." Gastrointestinal diseases include gastroenteritis and viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A and hepatitis E.
"The high incidence of gastroenteritis in summer is due to the high temperature, which makes food easy to deteriorate and bacteria to breed more easily, and drinking a lot of water in summer can easily dilute gastric acid." Huang Echizen said that gastric acid is a protective barrier for the human body. It can sterilize, and drinking a lot of water will dilute the stomach acid. In this case, if you eat unclean and spoiled things, it will easily cause gastroenteritis. In addition, there is also a case of acute gastroenteritis, such as drinking too many cold drinks, which can cause gastrointestinal disorders and cause diarrhea and abdominal pain.
The main symptoms of gastroenteritis are diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and in severe cases, fever.
“The reason why viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A and hepatitis E is more common in summer is mainly because hepatitis viruses are transmitted through food, such as uncooked aquatic products and seafood, such as oysters and shells.
"Huang Echizen explained that hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses lurk in these aquatic products, and entering the body through the mouth can easily cause viral hepatitis. The main symptoms include loss of appetite, anorexia, fatigue, and in severe cases, fever and jaundice.
There is another gastrointestinal disease that is not common, but may also occur in summer, and that is cholera. Cholera is a Class A infectious disease caused by infection with Vibrio cholerae. It is often caused by eating raw aquatic products or raw materials in summer. Bacterial infection caused by eating a chopping board. The main symptoms include stool like rice water and severe vomiting. To prevent gastrointestinal diseases in summer, Huang Echizen recommends paying attention to the following aspects:
Firstly, Pay attention to dietary hygiene, do not eat food that has been left out for a long time, and eat seafood and aquatic products only after they are cooked. At the same time, separate raw and cooked food on different cutting boards; second, pay attention to personal hygiene and wash hands frequently; third, exercise appropriately to enhance physical fitness. .
When diarrhea symptoms occur, if the condition is not serious, you can take oral berberine at home to regulate the symptoms, drink some light salt water appropriately, and supplement electrolytes to prevent diarrhea from causing dehydration. However, if diarrhea occurs more than four or five times a day, If you have systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, etc., you should go to the hospital for treatment immediately. During diarrhea, it is best to eat light and easy-to-digest foods, and avoid eating greasy foods. "The most important thing is to be clean and hygienic." "Prevent air-conditioning disease and clean the air-conditioning filter regularly. "Air-conditioning disease" can be mainly divided into three categories: First, in hot weather, the alternating temperature difference between hot and cold indoors and outdoors causes neurological disorders, resulting in irritability and other emotional problems. Second, human panels are caused by Being in an air-conditioned room for a long time can lead to fatigue, joint pain, etc. The third is microbial infection. In most cases, it is possible to be infected with Legionella bacteria because there is a pathogen called "Legionella" hidden in the air-conditioning cooling device. The bacteria are blown out by the cold wind and float in the air. When the human body inhales them, it is easy for respiratory tract infections and symptoms such as fever to occur. "Most people confuse Legionella infections with colds," Chen Dexiong said, because bacterial infections are similar to colds to a certain extent. . He suggested that if you have fever, cough, chest pain, etc. in summer, you should pay attention to whether "air conditioning disease" is caused by bacterial infection.