China Naming Network - Weather knowledge - Equatorial introduction

Equatorial introduction

Equator, a geographical term, refers to the longest circumferential line in the trajectory of points on the earth's surface as the earth rotates. Its radius is 6378.2 kilometers and its circumference is 40075.02 kilometers ... The equator is the dividing line between the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere. It divides the earth into two hemispheres, the northern hemisphere is in the north and the southern hemisphere is in the south, which is the baseline for dividing latitude. The equatorial latitude is 0, which is the longest latitude on the earth. At the same time, the equator is the place with the smallest acceleration of gravity on the earth.

Chinese name: Equator

Mbth: equator

Half diameter: 6378.2km

Length of one week: 40075.02km.

Sign: The sign that the earth is divided into northern and southern hemispheres.

Latitude: 0

Via countries: Kenya, Somalia, Brazil, etc.

Subject: Geography

catalogue

1 Introduction

2 Geomorphological climate

3 national cities

4 Equatorial Monument

5 Universal Earth Morphological Data

6 classics reading

1. Introduction

The equator is the dividing line between the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere, and it is also the zero latitude on the earth. In a year, the equator has two direct sunlight, so the equatorial region belongs to the tropics, and the weather is hot and the temperature is very high all the year round. The center of the equator coincides with the center of the earth. It is also the longest latitude circle on the earth, with a total length of over 40,000 kilometers.

The equator passes through Gabon, Congo, Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia, Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil. In these countries, people use different symbols to represent the equatorial line. For example, in Congo, people use many small stone pillars arranged in a straight line to represent the equatorial line. These small stone pillars are called equatorial piles.

It is said that more than 700 years ago, the citizens of Quito, the capital of Ecuador, knew that near Quito is the place where the sun travels to and from the northern and southern hemispheres twice a year. They called it the "Sun Road". Later, scientists confirmed this statement, and citizens built an equatorial monument on the outskirts of Quito. The height of the monument is 10 meter, and the four sides of the monument are engraved with characters representing the east, south, west and north directions respectively. There is a stone ball on the top of the monument. There is a white line in the middle of the globe to mark the equatorial position, which extends to the stone steps at the bottom of the monument. This is the equatorial line on the ground.

4. Terrain and climate

The equator is a low-pressure area, and the northeast trade winds and southeast trade winds blowing from both sides of the equator drive the seawater on both sides of the equator to flow from east to west. It is called the North Equatorial Warm Current in the north and the South Equatorial Warm Current in the south.

When the equatorial warm current reaches the west coast of the ocean, it is blocked by the land, and a small part of it turns eastward, forming an equatorial countercurrent; Most of them flow to higher latitudes along the coast under the action of geostrophic bias, and the west wind drift is formed by westerly winds in the middle latitudes. When it reaches the east coast of the ocean, part of it turns to the low latitude of the west coast of the mainland and becomes the compensation current of the equatorial warm current; The other part bends to high latitudes along the west coast of the mainland, forming a polar circulation.

Planetary landforms passing through the equator: Pacific Ocean, South America, Atlantic Ocean, Africa and Indian Ocean.

A mountain range across the equator: the Andes.

Continents crossing the equator: Africa and South America.

Islands: Batu, Sumatra, kalimantan island, Sulawesi, Hera, Haarma, Maldives, gilbert islands and Lane Islands.

Climatic zones crossed by the equator: tropical rain forest climate (tropical maritime climate), tropical grassland climate and plateau climate.

Weather systems active in the equator: two trade winds, equatorial westerly belt, equatorial convergence belt, etc.

Rivers and lakes crossed by the equator: Africa: Congo River, mr guowei River, Juba River and Lake Victoria; South America: Amazon River; Asia: Capuas River

Sea areas crossed by the equator: Gulf of Guinea, Equatorial Strait, Mindanao Strait, makassar strait, Tomini Bay, Maluku Sea and Hamahira Sea.

3. National cities

Countries crossing the equator: Indonesia, Nauru, Kiribati, Ecuador (the country named after the equator, Ecuador is Spanish), Colombia, Brazil, Gabon, Congo (DRC), Uganda, Kenya, Somalia and Maldives.

Famous countries and cities near the equator: Quito, Libreville, Nairobi, Singapore.

4. Equatorial Monument

The equator monument is divided into two monuments, the old and the new. The old monument is located in San Antonio, 24 kilometers north of Quito, the capital of Ecuador. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with an altitude of 2483 meters. This equatorial monument is about 10 meter high and consists of hematite granite. The monument is square, with four English letters e, s, w and n engraved around it, representing the east, south, west and north directions respectively. The surface of the monument is engraved with an inscription in Spanish to commemorate those French and Ecuadorian scientists who contributed to measuring the equator and building the monument. The bottom is engraved with the words "This is the center of the earth". At the top of the monument is a huge stone ball, with the south pole facing south and the north pole facing north. In the middle of the globe, there is a very clear white line carved from east to west, representing the equatorial line. All the way to the stone steps at the bottom of the monument, the actual circumference of the equator is 40075.438+03 km. From here on, the earth can be divided into two completely equal hemispheres. Ecuador calls this monument "half the world". Every year on March 2 1 day and September 23, the sun passes through the equator and goes straight to the equator, making the world equal day and night. At this time, Ecuadoreans will always hold a grand event here to meet the sun god and thank the sun for bringing warmth and light to mankind. Visitors here like to take pictures of their feet lying flat on the stone steps on both sides of the white line to show that they are people with feet in two hemispheres.

198 1 year, a new equator monument was built near this old monument, which was completed on August 9, 1982. Its shape is basically the same as the old monument, but it is three times larger than the old monument: 30 meters high, 4.5 meters in diameter and 4.5 tons in weight. On the east and west sides of the monument are written: 78 27' 8 "west longitude and 0 latitude. There is an elevator in the monument and an observation deck at the top of the monument. There is a long stone passage in front of the monument, and some stone carvings stand on both sides. Anyone who travels to Quito will receive a certificate issued by the management department, indicating that he has been to the dividing line between the northern and southern hemispheres on a certain day in a certain year.

In addition, the Somali Equator Monument is located 60 meters north of the southern Somali city of Kismayo. It is a 3-meter-high cement building with a globe and an east-west needle at the top as the sign of the equatorial line.

⒌ Universal Earth Morphological Data

Atmosphere doesn't count.

Equator length: 40076 km

Meridian length: 40009 km

Length of polar radius: 6356.8km.

Length of equatorial radius: 6378.2km.

Flatness: 1/298

Area: 510 million square kilometers

Average radius length: 637 1km.

Volume:1.08323 billion km?

Generally speaking, the distance from the poles to the center of the earth is 6,356.8km, which is 2 1.4km shorter than the distance from the equator to the center of the earth of 6378.2km, and the flatness is 1/298. The equator is slightly convex, the equator itself is slightly flat, the northern and southern hemispheres are also asymmetrical, and the surface is uneven, which can be said to be an irregular sphere. However, due to the huge size of the earth, the ups and downs of these surfaces are still very small compared with the whole, so in space, they are still a sphere visually. But if you descend to a low altitude and cross the atmosphere and ocean, you will see the solid surface of the earth, which is undulating, like a wrinkled apple.

6. classics reading

According to ancient scholars, the celestial body is a round sphere, and the equator refers to the circumferential line whose surface is equal to the north and south poles. Modern astronomy is called the celestial equator.

Tian Han Wen Zhi: "beginning of spring, the vernal equinox, starts from Qingdao in the east." ... long summer, summer solstice, south of the equator. "

The "extreme ecliptic" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Liu Zhao quoted Zhang Hanheng's "Hunyi": "The equator passes through the belly of Huntian, to the extreme of 91.56."

"Book Hongfan" "The trip to the sun and the moon has winter and summer." Tang Kong Yingda wrote: "The center of the sky and the middle of the north and south poles are called the equator, which reaches the north and south poles at 9 1 degree respectively."

He Ming Jingming's poem "Total eclipse in June" said: "The moon is not over, and the demon covers the equator."