What kind of plant is this
Taxus chinensis is a shallow-rooted plant with inconspicuous main roots and developed lateral roots. It is recognized as an endangered natural rare anticancer plant in the world. It is an ancient tree species left over from Quaternary glaciers, and has a history of 2.5 million years on the earth. Due to the slow growth rate and poor regeneration ability of Taxus chinensis under natural conditions, a large-scale raw material forest base of Taxus chinensis has not been formed in the world for a long time. China listed it as a first-class rare and endangered protected plant, and the United Nations explicitly prohibited its felling.
Chinese name: Taxus chinensis
Latin scientific name of Taxus chinensis: China Taxus chinensis.
Nickname: yew
Plant kingdom; Gymnosperms; coniferous tree
Objective: Taxodiaceae:
Taxus genus: Taxus distribution: Youxi, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places in Fujian.
Scientific name: Taxus mairei
form
Taxus chinensis is an evergreen tree, and the trees planted can be as high as 14 meters. Branchlets turn yellow-green or reddish-brown in autumn; Winter bud scales have rounded backs or blunt ridges; Sickle-shaped leaves, two rows,1.5 ~ 3cm long, wider than other yew, with sharp and small ends and two yellow spaces at the bottom; The flower is axillary, dioecious, and the female flower has only one ovule with several scales under it; The seed is oblate, with an inconspicuous ridge on each side and a red cup-shaped aril around it.
Be distributed
Widely distributed in places above 900 meters above sea level, such as China, southern Gansu, western Hubei and even Sichuan.
Taxus is no longer an endangered plant.
Overview of species
In Longshang Village, Xinyang Town, Youxi County, Sanming City, Fujian Province, there are hundreds of rare plants under national first-class protection and wild natural Taxus mairei communities called "plant giant pandas" in dozens of kilometers of villages in Fiona Fang, which are really rare. The author went to Longshang Village, Xinyang Town, where seeing is believing. Some of them are wild natural yew species. Mairei grows alone, and some are distributed in twos and threes halfway up the mountain or on the hillside in the village. Beautiful tree posture, thick trunk, lush foliage, vigorous and straight, bright color, evergreen all the year round, lush and vibrant. According to local farmers, there are hundreds of wild natural Taxus mairei in the village, of which 20 or 30 are over 100 years old, and the longest one is 1000 years old, which has become a "feng shui tree" for farmers.
Wild natural yew. Taxus chinensis var. mairei is an evergreen coniferous tree species, most of which are scattered in the forest. Because it is widely distributed, most birds feed and breed, so it is scattered. According to textual research, Taxus chinensis is an ancient tree species left over from glaciers in the fourth century and a plant in the dinosaur era. It has grown on the earth for more than 2.5 million years and enjoys the reputation of "natural living fossil" in the plant world. It is made of hard material, and it is difficult for knives and axes to enter. There is a saying that "there are thousands of fir trees, but they can't be popular branches." Sapwood is yellow and white, heartwood is reddish. Taxus album (5 sheets) is hard, dense, beautiful, not warping and cracking, and has strong corrosion resistance. Can be used in architecture, high-grade furniture, interior decoration, vehicles, pens and so on. Seeds with high oil content are valuable medicinal materials for expelling octopus and resolving food stagnation.
Every year in 65438+February, these yew trees will bear a string of red beans, which are red outside and bright inside, just like acacia beans in the south, which can repose people's lovesickness, beautify dozens of kilometers of mountain villages in Fiona Fang and add a beautiful scenery. Therefore, it can be said that yew is a treasure.
According to forestry experts, wild natural yew. Taxus chinensis var. mairei is listed as a rare tree species in the world to be protected because of its scarce resources, and the United Nations has explicitly banned logging. It likes humid environment and warm and humid climate. It not only has the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, insect resistance, strong germination ability, slow growth and long life, but also has high development and utilization value. Taxol extracted from the bark, branches and leaves of Taxus chinensis is an internationally recognized anticancer agent, and the price per kilogram is 500 ~100000 US dollars. Paclitaxel is used to treat advanced breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, soft tissue cancer and digestive tract cancer. Taxus branches and leaves are used to treat leukemia, nephritis, diabetes and polycystic kidney disease. It also has diuretic and repercussive effects, and can be used for treating nephropathy, diabetes, nephritis edema, dysuria, gonorrhea, etc. At the same time, it can also be widely used in soil and water conservation, forest and horticultural ornamental forest. It is an excellent and rare tree species to improve the natural ecological environment and build beautiful mountains and rivers in the new century. It is vividly called the precious "Huang Jinshu" and "cash cow". Nowadays, there are few natural wild Taxus mairei. There is also a well-preserved natural wild Taxus mairei community in Longshang Village, Xinyang Town, Youxi County, which is extremely rare and amazing. It is a natural forest in the middle subtropical zone, which integrates timber, medicine and appreciation. With high development and utilization value, it has become an excellent place for experts and scholars to inspect the natural ecology. It also provides valuable conditions and scientific value for studying the geographical distribution, growth, adaptability, medicinal use and industrial planting of Taxus chinensis. These hundreds of rare wild natural yew. Canna was designated as a key ancient tree by Youxi county government and listed as "Liang Jian" for management and protection. With the progress of national ecological construction and the further understanding of the whole society on the precious tree species of the key protected wild plant Pinus densiflora, it has become a rising star in rural greening and urban landscaping, and is no longer "rare" and "endangered". In recent years, the Youxi County Party Committee and the county government have taken the creation of green rural homes as the breakthrough point, the construction of affluent new villages as the combination point, created a good atmosphere for the whole people to participate in afforestation and greening the motherland, regarded the large-scale planting of precious tree species as a moral and political project, a popular project, an ecological project and a cultural project for the benefit of future generations, and implemented preferential policies for planting precious tree species in unplanned woodlands in front of and behind farm houses. Precious tree species such as Taxus chinensis have taken root and sprouted among the general public, becoming farmers in front of the house and behind the house in rural areas. A few years ago, some precious yew planted around wasteland, dry land, gardens and village roads in front of and behind rural houses were planted into forests under the careful care of farmers, which not only protected the ecological environment, but also afforested their homes, and became a bright spot in the ecological construction of new countryside, creating rural business cards, landscapes, geomantic omen, culture and brands.
morphological character
Taxus is an evergreen tree of Taxus. Its branchlets turn yellow-green or reddish-brown in autumn, its leaves are strip-shaped, dioecious and its seeds are oblate. Seeds are used to extract oil and medicine. It is a shallow-rooted plant with inconspicuous taproot and developed lateral roots, with a height of 30m and a trunk diameter of1m.. The leaves alternate spirally, the base is twisted into two rows, the cords are slightly curved, the length is1~ 2.5cm, the width is 2 ~ 2.5mm, the leaf margin is slightly curved, the tip is gradually pointed, there are two wide yellow-green or gray-green stomatal zones on the back of the leaves, the midvein is densely protruded, and the green zone on the leaf margin is extremely narrow, which is dioecious. Male flowers are solitary in leaf axils, and female flowers are dioecious. The seed is oblate with 2 edges, the seed is ovoid, and the aril is cup-shaped and red.
The biological characteristics of Chinese fir require high ecological environment. It usually takes 100 ~ 250 years to grow into a tree. According to the statistics of 1996, the wild yew in Yunnan accounts for 55% of the national total, among which Lijiang has 165438+ 10,000 plants. Taxus chinensis is a perennial evergreen tree with huge biomass and short growth time. Its taproot is not obvious, its lateral roots are developed, its branches and leaves are luxuriant, its germination ability is strong, and it can withstand the low temperature of -25℃. It can be planted in most parts of the country. Fast growth, the measured annual growth is 40-50 cm, and the highest growth is 60-70 cm, which is 300-700% of the growth of China yew (China yew, Yunnan yew, etc.). ). The biomass accumulation of 3 ~ 4 years old is 600 ~ 800 m3/ plant year, and the fresh raw material produced in 5 years old is more than 1.5kg, which can be used to extract paclitaxel. In the second year, new branches and leaves can grow, and their biomass is greater than the harvest in the first year.
The growth conditions of wild yew are almost harsh, the growth area is narrow and the climatic conditions are harsh. Why can there be such a lush growth community in Ruyuan Mountain area? According to Mo Yibin, a local expert who has studied and protected this tree for many years, the unique geographical environment, humid climate, good ecological environment and strong protection of local people are indispensable. Da Qiao Town belongs to the alpine limestone mountainous area, with an average elevation of more than 800 meters, a temperature difference of 7℃ between day and night, and an annual average temperature of only 65438 07℃, which is quite suitable for the growth of Taxus chinensis.
Taxus chinensis is suitable for planting in all parts of China, and has the characteristics of shade-loving, drought tolerance and cold tolerance. The soil PH value is required to be 5.5 ~ 7.0, which can be interplanted with other tree species or orchards, and the management is simple. Taxus cuspidata is an ancient tree species left over from the Quaternary Glacier, which has survived on the earth for more than 2.5 million years under harsh climatic conditions. It not only has developed lateral roots, lush foliage and strong germination, but also adapts to a wide range of climate, requires wide soil quality, and is resistant to pruning, cold and insect pests. But also can grow into towering trees, and some plants can even grow for thousands of years. It can be used as both a medicinal variety and a green variety. In folklore, Taxus cuspidata is known as the "sacred tree of geomantic omen".
geographical distribution
Except Austrotaxus Spicata from Australia, which is produced in the southern hemisphere, all other yews are produced in the northern hemisphere. There are 4 species of Taxus in China. China 1 is distributed in most parts of China. Taxus cuspidata is mainly distributed in Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province, with a small amount in the eastern mountainous area of Liaoning Province. Taxus yunnanensis is mainly distributed in western Yunnan and Dizhou 16 county, with a total area of about 90,000 square kilometers. It is characterized by wide distribution, scattered growth and no pure forest, and most of the forests are scattered trees. Taxus chinensis var. mairei var. mairei in China is mainly distributed in pure forests in eastern Yunnan, southwestern Yunnan and eastern Yunnan, and most of them are scattered trees in the forests. A large number of natural yew are distributed in Laowan Village, Chaoyi Township, Suining County, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, huangshan district, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, and Winch Temple Village, Yangmingshan, Shuangpai County, Yongzhou City.
There is a poem in Huangshan pine stone that says, "Huangshan is fragrant in autumn, and yew in Menghai gives birth to precious light." Crystal red as fire, acacia grains sent to the heart. "
It is cultivated in Sichuan, Guangxi, Shandong and other places, and also distributed in western Jiangxi (Yichun and Tonggu areas) and northwestern Jiangxi (about 80,000 plants in Dahetang Village, Chenzhao Town, Ruichang City). Taxus tibetica is mainly distributed in northwest Yunnan, south and southeast Tibet. Taxus yunnanensis mainly grows and distributes in Lijiang, Diqing, Nujiang, Dali and other mountainous areas with an altitude of 2,600-3,500 meters, with a strip distribution and a very rare number. In Da Qiao Town, Ruyuan County, a small town with only over 300 square kilometers, there are actually 65,438+10,000 yew plants taking root here! This is the densest growing place of wild yew in China at present. With the completion of the first phase project of China's first large-scale wild Taxus theme protection park-China Taxus Forest Park.
According to the preliminary investigation of Da Qiao Town Government, there are 6,543,800+Taxus plants planted in villages in this town, including 654.38+ 027 plants with DBH above 50cm and more than 70,000 plants with DBH below 5cm. This figure is only based on the statistics of cedar trees found before and after the town. According to the estimation of forestry experts, the number of wild yew will far exceed people's imagination in the remote forests with relatively complete ecosystems. According to the preliminary investigation and statistics of the relevant departments of Ruyuan county government, there are 65438+ ten thousand yew plants growing around Luziqiu, Xiacha, Xiazhuang and Zhangjiacun in Da Qiao Town, a limestone alpine mountain area in this county, and a little-known yew king grows behind Zhangjiacun, with a chest circumference of more than 5 meters, which is estimated to be staggering. Known by the villagers as the "sacred tree", the "Taxus King" stands between two hills, with red cloth hung by the masses around his waist. The trunk needs to be surrounded by five adults, and the straight and huge body is eight or nine stories high, echoing the dense growth of small yew behind it. Da Qiao Town is the most densely populated area of Taxus chinensis in Ruyuan County, and more than 90% of the discovered Taxus chinensis are concentrated in the alpine limestone mountain area of this county.
Simple and dignified yew trees can be seen everywhere along the lower reaches of the river. The local government staff said that the local people affectionately called it "Sugiyama Miko". Mature yew has 1999 "identity card", and yew is listed as a national first-class protected plant. In 2004, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CLOC-0/3) listed all Taxus in China as an appendix to the Convention. In order to protect Taxus chinensis, and to protect the "panda" on the tree, the Ruyuan county government has made regulations: without the approval of the competent forestry authorities at or above the county level, no unit or individual may develop and utilize Taxus chinensis resources in any form, and may not illegally cut down, dig roots, peel and collect seeds and branches; Register, record and master the growth of Taxus chinensis; Implement the mountain patrol system and reporting system, and implement the responsibility system. The secretary of the town committee and the mayor are the first responsible persons to protect yew. The local forestry and tourism departments will also hang a "badge" for each mature yew, which will not only indicate the "age" and value of the tree, but also indicate the legal responsibility for illegally cutting and destroying this precious tree species.
Taxus mairei ) Cheng Dengfu
Age of Taxus chinensis in Taxaceae: 1260.
Taxus chinensis evergreen tree is an ancient and rare tree species, which is listed as a national first-class key protected plant.
Taxus chinensis var. mairei in China is widely distributed in the south of the Yellow River in Qinling Mountains. The trunk is straight, the tree is beautiful and the fruit is red in autumn. Most of them grow in forests, forest margins and wet valleys above 600 meters above sea level, and are common around villages.
This tree is located in Fenshui Natural Village, Xiafang Village, Dikou Town, Jian 'ou City, Fujian Province. The height of the tree is 42m, DBH157cm, and the average crown width13.25m.. It stands in the distance like a pagoda, thriving and full of vitality.
Taxus China.
Age of Taxus chinensis in Taxaceae: 500 years.
This tree is located in Anzi Township, Pengshui County, Chongqing, the hometown of folk songs. There are a large number of Miao and Tujia people living here.
This yew tree is evergreen all year round in Qiu Lai and is full of red beans. It is 30 meters high, majestic and towering, like a handsome man standing on the top of the mountain looking at a distant lover. Local young men and women have always regarded it as the "king of lovesickness" and a good place to fall in love. Whenever night falls, young men and women in the village at the foot of the mountain often sneak out of the diaojiao building and come here to sing, pick red beans from the trees and have a tryst in the nearby Woods. Over time, it has become a love valley in people's hearts, and that tree has become a well-known acacia tree.
Forestry experts found that 500-year-old yew
Diameter 1.9m, the second largest in China.
A acacia tree "acacia tree" is 500 years old.
Sandu was surprised to see yew, the second largest acacia tree in China.
Forestry experts found in a picturesque aquarium village in Wubao Township, Sandu County that there is a yew that has been growing for at least 500 years.
The trunk of this huge yew is about 30 meters high and full of vitality.
It is understood that forestry experts in Sandu County have identified it as pure yew. Taxus chinensis var. mairei, an evergreen conifer, is a national first-class protected rare plant and is known as the "plant giant panda".
According to relevant data, the largest yew found in China is 5 meters in diameter, while this yew in Sandu is 1.9 meters in diameter, which requires four people to hold around the tree. Forestry experts infer that the tree is at least 500 years old according to its annual rings. It is the second largest diameter and the second longest annual ring of Taxus chinensis found in China, and is called the second king of Taxus chinensis.
Number of species classification in the world
There are * * * 1 1 species in the world, and there are currently 4 * * */varieties in China, namely, Taxus yunnanensis, Taxus tibetica, Taxus cuspidata, Taxus China and Taxus mairei (varieties). Taxus media is a kind of Taxus media. Taxus media was introduced from Canada in the mid-1990s. Taxus media, native to the United States and Canada, is a natural hybrid. Its female parent is Taxus cuspidata and its male parent is Taxus cuspidata, which has been growing and developing in the United States and Canada for nearly 100 years. In the mid-1990s, seedlings of Taxus canadensis introduced from China were planted in Sichuan. According to the testing of authoritative organizations, the biological characters of introduced Taxus media are stable and there is no variation. The content of paclitaxel is close to the origin, and the content in some samples is higher than that in the origin. Taxol in natural yew is generally distributed in bark, and the utilization rate of the whole plant is low. Taxol is contained in all parts of Taxus media, and the content of branches and leaves is above 0.03%, and the root part can reach 0.06%. The whole plant is used to extract paclitaxel, which has high plant utilization rate and high comprehensive economic value after deep processing.
Taxus media has developed to more than 10 after cultivation and breeding, among which Taxus media is one of the taxus media approved by FDA to extract paclitaxel. The taxol content in the branches and leaves of Taxus media aged 4 ~ 5 years is higher than that in the bark of Taxus media aged 70 ~ 80 years. The taxol content of wild yew, including domestic varieties, is generally between 0.004 ~ 0.0 1%, and that of Taxus media is 0.03 ~ 0.06%, which is 8 ~ 10 times that of natural yew, and it can be planted in most areas of China.
The successful introduction and domestication of the rare plant Taxus media is conducive to the protection of precious wild Taxus resources and opens up broad prospects for the development of Taxus media, a golden plant. It has fast growth speed and strong adaptability to the environment, and can be used to build soil and water conservation forests and water conservation forests and improve the ecological environment.
Taxus around the world can be divided into 1 1 species according to their growing areas and biological characteristics. Australia's AUSTROTAXUS SPICATA is produced in the southern hemisphere and distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere.
The number of species in China
There are 4 species 1 varieties in China.
1. Taxus cuspidata is mainly distributed in Changbai Mountain and Heilongjiang Province of Jilin Province, and a small amount is distributed in the eastern mountainous area of Liaoning Province.
2. Taxus yunnanensis is mainly distributed in 16 counties in western Yunnan and Dizhou, with a total area of about 90,000 square axioms. It is characterized by wide distribution, scattered growth, no pure forest and scattered trees in the forest.
3. Tamarix 3.IUCC is mainly distributed in northwest Yunnan, southern Tibet and southwest China.
4. Taxus China (. Penaeus China
5. Taxus mairei is mainly distributed in pure forests in eastern Yunnan, southwestern Yunnan and eastern Yunnan, and most of the rest are scattered trees.
6. Taxus media is a hybrid introduced to China at the end of 20th century. Its female parent is Taxus cuspidata and its male parent is Taxus barkeri. It has only 80 years of history in the United States and Canada. Taxus media is mostly shrub type, because it can only grow into shrubs, but not trees, so it is a good variety for greening.
disease control
Stem rot
Stem rot of Taxus chinensis is one of the most harmful diseases in the growth period of Taxus chinensis cuttings. Two months after the cutting of Taxus chinensis, stem rot occurred at the stem base of the cutting seedlings (the junction of underground and aboveground cuttings), which started from a single plant and then spread into a whole cluster, resulting in the cutting leaves losing green, dying and falling off. Because the disease mainly occurs in high temperature season in summer and autumn, the harm of high soil temperature to cutting seedlings provides conditions for the invasion of pathogens. The occurrence and prevalence of the disease mainly depend on the temperature in July and August. If the disease occurs early, the seedlings have weak heat tolerance and the disease will be more serious.
Preventive and control measures
1. Reduce the surface soil temperature of seedbed in summer and autumn to prevent the stem base of seedlings from being burned and avoid the invasion of germs caused by wounds;
The second is to increase fertilizer to promote the growth of cutting seedlings and enhance their disease resistance.
3. When pentachloronitrobenzene powder and dichlorvos powder are mixed with water at the concentration of 5g/ kg, the control effect is the best, which is 89%; When carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl WP were mixed with water at the concentration of 4g/ kg, the control effect was the best, reaching 83%.
Fourth, control the disease on a large scale. Alternating the above two methods can basically control the occurrence of stem rot of cutting seedlings [7]
breeding method
1. Pre-propagation planting method
The preservation of Taxus resources and rapid propagation of seedlings are the basis to solve the problem of taxol timber forest construction, and the key to solve the problem of taxol raw materials is to build a large-scale Taxus plantation.
When raising seedlings of Taxus chinensis seeds, it is necessary to maintain the storage mode of seeds, and store sand seeds together or control the temperature, which has a good effect on budding after overwintering and breaking the dormancy habit. Rub the seed coat before sowing, soak it in warm water and treat it with drugs and hormones. Shading after emergence is the key to raising seedlings. It can prevent the seedlings from being burned at high temperature, keep them moist and have a light transmittance of 40%. The emergence rate of Taxus cuspidata and Taxus mairei can reach 70 ~ 80%, and the emergence temperature should be higher than 65438 05 degrees.
The dynamic growth of seedlings is as follows: the plant height and stem diameter of seedlings grow slowly two years before emergence, and the plant height generally grows about 10cm in one year, and grows faster after transplanting for one year. The annual growth can reach 20 ~ 30cm in 3 ~ 5 years.
2. Tissue culture and breeding of Taxus chinensis
Tissue culture makes use of the totipotency and clonality of plant cells. The tender stems, needles, bark, cambium, aril and embryo of Taxus plants are used as culture plants.
1 .. Select fine varieties of Taxus cuspidata, such as fine organs of Taxus cuspidata (with high taxol content) as explants, inoculate them into the culture medium, and obtain a large number of tissue culture seedlings in the laboratory after callus formation, rooting and seedling cluster formation. After substrate transplanting, seedling hardening and epidemic prevention, it became a production seedling.
2. The proportion of late and early callus formation of Taxus chinensis is different among different species and different plants of the same species. At the same time, it is related to explant type, sampling place and season, lighting conditions, culture medium types and other factors. Taxus cuspidata, Taxus mairei and Taxus yunnanensis can all form callus on the induction medium. However, due to the different species and plants of Taxus chinensis, the formation situation is also different.
The results showed that the hydrolyzed complex protein could promote the growth of callus of Taxus cuspidata and Taxus mairei to some extent, but the concentration greater than 0.5% was not conducive to the formation and accumulation of paclitaxel.
When the concentration is greater than 1%, it can promote callus healing and form new growth points without affecting the accumulation of paclitaxel.
Comparatively speaking, 2 days and 4 days are also beneficial to the formation of callus and can also improve the induction rate. Callus in 2-day and 4-day culture medium is bright, large and soft, which is easy to induce callus of Taxus chinensis. However, other medium additives, such as cell suspension culture, B5 medium and carbon source sucrose, can also increase the content of paclitaxel. However, glucose in high-yield sucrose will inhibit the synthesis of paclitaxel. At the same time, galactose is of great significance to promote cell growth.
GIBSON's research shows that whether it is cell suspension culture or inducing callus cell growth and taxol content formation, it is better in the dark than in light.
No matter what species and parts are used for tissue culture, we should choose the cell components with strong proliferation ability in the middle (the surface cells contain a lot of starch granules, the central cells are seedless, and tubular molecules are easy to differentiate). This is conducive to the formation of cell filaments between cells, thus forming a large cell mass, which is conducive to the signal transmission of small substances between cells. Therefore, the cells of Taxus chinensis exist in the form of cell clusters, producing functional cell bodies, promoting the regionalization of cell clusters and cell functional differentiation, which is the premise for Taxus chinensis to produce metabolites.
3. Artificial cutting propagation of Taxus chinensis
The cutting propagation of Taxus chinensis is better in spring and autumn. Generally, low shed shading treatment should be done when cutting. Generally, the survival rate of cutting can reach more than 70%. Conventional cutting is only about 3% ~ 20%. Shading rate is not less than 60%. Cutting media should be carefully rooted. At the beginning, the humidity should be kept at about 75 ~ 85% intermittently. Avoid water loss caused by strong wind.
The factors that affect the survival rate of cutting are generally: tree age, temperature, chemical concentration, substrate, season, humidity, variety and other human factors. According to the data, the highest survival rates of several kinds of yew are: Taxus cuspidata 95%, Taxus mairei 95%, Taxus yunnanensis 90% and Taxus China 86%.
In the process of rooting in the first year, the aboveground part of the cuttings grew slowly, but took root quickly and developed lateral roots. After transplanting in the second year, further shading treatment and seedbed management are needed. Ensure the corresponding environmental conditions and accelerate the growth. The growth rate is the fastest in summer and slower in winter and spring. Pay attention to the change of temperature at this time. Long-term drying can lead to growth inhibition or sudden death. However, after the seedlings of Taxus chinensis are strong in the seedbed, the survival rate of afforestation is very high. It rarely dies and grows rapidly.
Cutting is the most effective way to solve the shortage of Taxus resources and accelerate the construction of Taxus medicinal forest.
Home style collocation
1. Taxus chinensis as a green tree species and bonsai can be placed in the courtyard, indoors and on the street. Its tree shape is beautiful, its trunk is purple and straight, its seeds are red when they mature, and its fake skin is bright and dazzling. At the same time, various alkaloid gases secreted by it can diminish inflammation and sterilize, purify the air and regulate health care. Everywhere is dazzling, especially when the fruit is ripe, the color matching of red and green is intoxicating, and it can be enjoyed indoors and outdoors. It has also become a upstart in urban greening and home beautification, and is regarded as a precious "cash cow" by people.
2. Taxus has the function of expelling insects, which can play a huge role in expelling insects at home. Through photosynthesis, it can volatilize its own odor molecule citronellal, which has the function of preventing mosquitoes. The higher the temperature, the more aromatic molecules it exerts, and the better the mosquito repellent effect.
Knowledge of bonsai protection
1. "Maintenance of Newly-purchased Bonsai" It is best to spray 800 ~ 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves of newly-purchased Taxus chinensis Bonsai every three or four days, generally before 10: 00 in the morning or around 4: 00 in the afternoon, and then gradually reduce it to once a month.
2. "Lighting requirements" Taxus chinensis is a shade-loving plant, which is suitable for indoor display, but it should be noted that it should be properly shaded in summer and should not be placed in a room with light.
3. "Soil selection" Taxus chinensis should be planted in loose, humus-rich, fertile and slightly acidic soil (pH = 5 ~ 6.5).
4. "Water requirement" The surface of the basin soil is slightly yellow and white, and the leaves are slightly curled. Pot soil doesn't need watering, just spraying leaves. When the soil in the basin turns white, it is necessary to water it. Pay attention to one-time watering to make the basin soil fully absorb water.
5. The three elements of "soil fertility" plant growth are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of flower branches; Phosphate fertilizer can promote the formation of flowers and fruits; Potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of stems and roots. Because the newly bought Taxus bonsai has already used the prepared nutrient soil, it is not necessary to apply fertilizer within 3 months, and it can be applied every 2 ~ 3 months in the future. Cake fertilizer is the best fertilizer. Pay attention to the operation along the basin edge when applying fertilizer to avoid touching the root of bonsai.
"Selection of flowerpot" The flowerpot should be appropriately large, and the bottom of the flowerpot should be perforated more, mainly to enhance the water permeability and air permeability of the flowerpot.
6. "Requirements for Transplanting and Changing Pots" After purchasing bonsai for half a year, the saplings gradually grew up and the roots were developed. In order to ensure its normal growth, users are advised to transplant and change pots. When changing pots, it is best to break the old pots without destroying the original soil balls, slowly move them into new pots, and water them to take root to ensure survival.
7. "bonsai pruning" If the dry yellow leaves at the lower part of the bonsai fall off seriously, it may be that the lower branches are too dense, and it is necessary to prune a few branches that are too dense. Pruning can be arbitrary, so it can be trimmed into umbrella, tower, circle and other shapes. The newly bought Taxus bonsai above No.3 will damage part of the root system when transplanted from the planting base to the flowerpot, resulting in the imbalance of nutrient supply between the root system and the branches and leaves. When the leaves are still curly and dry under the condition of moist soil, it is best to trim the branches and leaves of bonsai properly to reduce the excessive consumption of nutrients by branches and leaves and restore the growth of roots.
8. "Pest control" In the hot and dry season, leaf blight and bacterial blight will occur in individual young yew trees, which can be controlled by spraying 1% Bordeaux solution.
9. Because the climate in the north is dry and there is little rain, you can water the soil when it is dry, and pay attention to watering it once, especially in summer. When the air in the north is dry, the leaves are prone to water shortage and drooping, and the appearance of the leaves is not full, it is necessary to spray water on the leaves from bottom to top with a small watering can (it can be sprayed every day in summer). Taxus chinensis is a shade-loving plant, which is suitable for indoor display, but it should not be placed at the air outlet of air conditioner or next to heating, otherwise it will increase the evaporation of water in the leaves of Taxus chinensis, which will easily dehydrate the branches and leaves of Taxus chinensis quickly, resulting in curly and dry leaves.
10. Taxus bonsai should not be watered with tea. In particular, the water quality in Beijing is hard and high in alkali, so it must be used for watering and spraying at the end of the day.
nature reserve
Liangyeshan National Nature Reserve is the first national nature reserve of yew in China and the only national nature reserve with yew in China. As a protected object.
Liangyeshan National Nature Reserve is one of the best preserved natural virgin forest communities in Fujian Province and even the whole country. Its native forest area is large, its ecological protection is good, and its species resources are rich, which is amazing. Liangye mountain area is rich in animal and plant resources, with complex flora and ancient origin. There are 370 known species of vertebrates, nearly 50 under state key protection, vascular plants 199 family, 1742 species, more than 20 species under state key protection, 193 family, 938 species of insects, 6 species under state key protection, 3/kloc-0 species of microorganisms and 5/kloc of fungi. Distribution area 10000 mu, with good population structure and large area, ranking first in China, and being praised as "national treasure" by forestry experts.
In 2009, with the approval of the State Council, Muling Taxus cuspidata Nature Reserve was approved as a national nature reserve, and more than 6.5438+0.6 million Taxus cuspidata plants known as "giant pandas in the plant world" will be further effectively protected.
According to reports, the nature reserve was originally a provincial-level reserve, and it is the largest and best-preserved concentrated distribution area of wild Taxus cuspidata in the northeast forest region discovered so far. Taxus cuspidata, also known as Taxus cuspidata, is an endangered species in the world and a national first-class rare protected tree species.
Muling Taxus cuspidata Nature Reserve is located at the northern end of Changbai Mountain and the southern foot of Xiaoxing 'anling Mountain, under the jurisdiction of Muling Forestry Bureau, with a total area of 35,000 hectares.
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