How to maintain broom bonsai (explain the maintenance and production of broom bonsai in detail)
In fact, Bromus inermis, as a well-known high-quality bonsai material, is mainly touched by the light of Lingnan bonsai industry. Because Bromus inermis is like Zizyphus jujuba in the north, its roots, leaves, thorns and branches are similar, only the difference in temperature and humidity.
The trunk and branches of Bromus are very old and uneven, and the leaves are of the right size. Strong adaptability, insensitive to growth factors such as soil, drought, flood and light. Its own root system is developed, the germination ability of hidden buds is strong, and it rarely shrinks branches after pruning.
However, in northern China, it is necessary to pay attention to warmth and ventilation in winter and spring. Bromus inermis has so many advantages. What problems should be paid attention to when making bonsai?
Root cutting error, fig. 1
1, stacking
Northern basin friends like to sweep stumps. Only by buying semi-finished nursery piles, they rarely have the opportunity to get downhill piles. This is because the best time to pick broom piles is the coldest time of the year, usually before the start of spring. After beginning of spring, the vernal equinox will not last long, and the bromeliads will germinate.
In the south of China, most branches are selected and shelved according to their shapes, and unnecessary branches are pruned; Treat root cuttings, dry them and soak them in potassium permanganate for about 1-2 hours, then dry them (not dry them) and soak them in rooting solution for 6-8 hours, so that trees can absorb enough water, induce cuttings to heal and form roots.
If the pile material is treated according to the above process, the survival rate of the online shopping Bromus stumps is not much problem as long as they are thickened, wrapped, moisturized and kept warm.
Another method is cutting. If you have your own Bromus stumps, you can propagate them by cutting. Both high-pressure rooting and layering rooting can be used, which is also the method of making small miniature bonsai.
A big tree with two trunks, Figure 2.
2. Plum blossom stump for blank cultivation
Starting with the broom handle, we need to do a lot of things to save it. Because the root phloem of Bromus is underdeveloped and thin. Especially on the downhill slope, there are few soil balls, and the root hair area is easy to dry up from the soil.
During the preservation of living green bodies, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) The coating and moisturizing should be closely combined.
(2) If you are not satisfied with the direction of the original pile head, don't rush to further trim the pile head to avoid forming a new incision, and then trim and core it after two months of survival.
(3) Fine river sand is selected as the substrate for raising blanks, or red jade soil is used to raise piles conditionally. Coarse river sand is not closely combined with root system, which is not conducive to blank cultivation; Do not use loam, topsoil, clay and garden soil.
Generally speaking, water is watered once with fine river sand, and water is not needed for 10 days.
Oblique dry belt with small double dry, Figure 3.
(4) Large containers, such as clay pots and wooden cases, should be selected for the culture blank. If planted in the ground, it is suggested to enclose the ditch on the flat ground and use a hard board with holes under it; Big enough to bury all the roots, suitable for making roots, dragging roots and hanging roots.
(5) Spartina alterniflora is suitable for shallow planting and high enclosure. When planting, we should pay attention to horizontal planting and oblique planting, select appropriate main roots and lateral roots, and wrap them with brown silk or fix the curved roots with metal wires.
(6) If the blank is cultivated in the middle and late February, it can germinate in early April. At this time, be careful not to remove the sealing film prematurely. You can gradually puncture the moisturizing membrane with a toothpick, one hole a day, and there will be 7-8 holes after one week.
It is expected that the moisturizing film can be removed in mid-April, but it should not be moved to a place with strong light, and there should be a gradual process.
Waterfront modeling, Figure 4.
(7) In the north, after the Bromus stumps survive, as long as 60%-70% of the light is used to raise the stumps in the first year, no felling, no fertilization, no luster, no exposure, no salinity, no garbage water and no tap water will be used.
(8) In the first year, Bromus crassipes should be moisturized in hot summer. During this period, the leaves should be watered every day in July and June. 10. August and September are rainy seasons, so there is no need to spray water to moisturize in a humid climate.
Reclining torso, Figure 5.
3. Suitable modeling of Bromus
Bromus, like jujube and rhamnus, is barren resistant and has a long life. Branches are easy to shape and resistant to pruning. After pruning in peak season, new buds will sprout in about 15-20 days. The branches are soft and suitable for climbing.
Suitable modeling techniques include climbing branch storage technology and cutting branch storage technology; They can also be used in combination. In the early stage (structural frame), bracing is the main form, and in the later stage (level 3 and level 4 branches), bracing is the main form.
In terms of modeling, except for the uncommon straight dry type, other modeling can be done. Such as bending, lying, oblique, hyperbolic, oblique, a jungle, cliff, near water, attached stones and so on. The shape of branch support can be divided into natural shape and climbing shape according to the different storage techniques of branches.
Truncated branch storage technology of chicken feet, fig. 6.
4. Matters needing attention in sparrow plum blossom modeling
(1) During the blank-raising period, the Bromus root system should be pruned and reshaped. Too long taproot should not be cut off easily, but can be coiled with metal wire, and the root system should be cut up with a smooth inclined plane.
This is because the inclined plane is not in close contact with the matrix, and the tumor synthesized by incision is not easy to take root. Then don't remove the sand too early when lifting the roots, because the root system of Bromus is slow to grow, and the diameter of the root system with the same thickness is half a year to a year slower than other piles.
Therefore, only the roots of the second year will be raised this spring, and the roots will be pulled out in the summer of the third year.
(2) If the trunk of the broom stump is too high and bent, there is no peer support at the lower part. Can this situation be cut off and nurtured? It is recommended not to cut and store, as long as the planting method is changed, it can be made into horizontal drying or bending drying after survival.
If the trunk has general characteristics and there is no accompanying support, it can be cut off and stored. When should the auxiliary branch be located only after the foundation is located according to the three-branch technology? It is suggested to cultivate, cut and turn over three times before leaving auxiliary branches.
Modeling of Tigan Cliff, Figure 7
(3) If the broom stump has a good supporting bracket, the cutting position should be 2-3cm above the bending part.
(4) If the broom pile head is dry, it can be made into a jungle layout. The jungle layout can be divided into two groups: one group has 1 center point and 2-3 auxiliary trunk lines; The other group has 1 auxiliary center points and 1-2 auxiliary trunks.
Single pile multi-stem modeling, remember that three are unequal and three are consistent: unequal thickness, unequal height and unequal distance. All trunk lines must have the same trend, the same topping method and the same supporting trend.
The other way is that the pile head is peculiar, and many trunks are transformed into two cliffs and two shores: 1 center point, including 1 trunk, 1 auxiliary trunk, and 1 auxiliary trunk is transformed into a top; At the other end of the pile head, an ornamental short stem of 1-2 is set, which is about 3-5cm high and almost creeping.
Sketch waterfront modeling, Figure 8.
(5) Pruning principle. Using the technology of cutting and storing branches, the trunk and branches can't be cut unless they reach the thickness ratio. It should be noted here that the trunk is thinner and shorter after cutting, while the branches are thinner and longer than last time. Don't make a mistake.
Modeling pruning shears should pay attention to selecting robust buds, the direction and angle of bud points, and reserving the length of bud points before germination (leaving 2-3 more buds than expected); Thinning and pruning are mostly in June-July.
Don't rush to increase the light after pruning, put it in a cool and ventilated place for 3-5 days, let the scissors dry and shrink, and prevent dehydration and branch loss at the scissors.
Half cliff old pile, Figure 9
5, the timing of the basin
When our Bromus stumps take out the frames and branches of 1 and 2, we should choose the right time to cook. In the north, it should be transplanted into pots before germination in mid-March.
Note: (1) The color and size of the flowerpot depend on the modeling method. Zisha pot or vegetarian pot is the best, and medium-deep rectangular pot and oval pot are the most suitable.
(2) The basin soil should be loose, breathable and waterless. Layerable: the foundation is 3-5cm coarse sand cushion; The middle part is the root hair growth area, so fine river sand, humus soil and pine needle soil should be selected; The upper layer is river mud, coarse sand and vegetable garden soil.
(3) The hanging root with exposed claws can be made into stone hanging roots. If it is not attached with stones, it is necessary to tie several main roots with bamboo poles, plant them in pot soil, or fix the hanging roots with metal frames to prevent them from falling off after watering.
(4) Don't rush to see the light after putting it in the basin. Cure scattered light 1-2 weeks. Move outdoors in rainy days and gradually increase the light.
If the new shoots droop after increasing the light, it means that the bromegrass has not been completely taken out of the pot, so it is necessary to reduce the light in time and increase the transition time.
Old pile near the water, Figure 10
Conclusion: To sum up, the modeling method and management measures of making bonsai with brome in the north are similar to those of Fujian tea.
Although Bromus is tolerant to semi-shade, it is better to receive more light and ventilation. It is also suggested that shading in summer is actually reasonable. Shading is to cool down, especially in summer.