What kinds of landscape trees are there (A Complete Collection of Landscape Tree Varieties)
What kinds of landscape trees are there?
Common landscape trees are: ginkgo, maple, triangle maple, pentagonal maple, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, coconut, betel nut, camphor tree, osmanthus fragrans, magnolia, Liriodendron chinense, nanmu, peach, banyan, cherry blossom, Davidia involucrata, Catalpa bungeana and aesculus. In fact, Palmae, Aceraceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Magnoliaceae and other plants are common landscape trees.
Landscape trees in South China are mainly evergreen, among which palm plants have been widely used in recent years, such as palm, mallow, brown bamboo, sundew brown, Washington brown, Luzon sugar brown, bay brown, Joan brown, Ruo brown, red brown, blue brown, sugar brown, Wang Ba brown, Aralia pinnata, Malva, canary jujube brown, fishtail brown and so on.
Others include: tourist bananas, pandanus, tuanhua, catalpa bungeana, jacaranda, Fraxinus americana, lampstand tree, Davidia involucrata, Camptotheca acuminata, Elaeagnus angustifolia, rubber tree, banyan tree, kapok, litchi, longan, bauhinia, Erythrina, acacia, Magnolia grandiflora and so on.
What is the purpose of landscape trees?
Landscape trees are seedlings specially used in urban construction, park greening, municipal greening and other projects to beautify the scenery and green the environment. Generally planted in nurseries around the country, it is divided into various grades according to different tree types. Various ornamental individual tree species and trees growing in different spatial environments in the scenic forest can be listed as independent scenic spots. The biggest difference between it and the scenic forest is that it enters the scenic series with individual ornamental image and appearance, and its attraction effect mainly depends on its characteristics of beauty, antiquity, rarity, fame and strangeness. Landscape trees can also be planted on roadsides, pools, corridors, pavilions or with rocks and buildings, or scattered in small scenic spots in groups of three or five to form a layout with natural interest, or they can be regularly arranged in regular areas with axis layout.
Control methods of garden tree diseases and insect pests
(1) powder spraying method. Spray powder poison on the surface of trees or pests with a duster to make them die of poisoning. This method has high efficiency, does not need water, and does little harm to the trees themselves; The disadvantage is that the persistence of poison to trees is poor, the dosage is large and it is not economical enough.
(2) fumigation. Toxic gas or steam enters pests through their respiratory organs, thus killing them.
(3) Spray method. Using the toxicity of solution, emulsion or suspension, fine fog spots are formed by spraying equipment and sprayed on trees or pests.
(4) Poisonous grass bait. Make into solution or powder mixture of poison and bait, and then spread it where pests occur or live.
(5) poison ring method. Apply poison directly to the bark or tightly wrap it on the paper tape or grass circle on the trunk to prevent or poison leaf-eating insects from climbing up the tree.
(6) To prevent insects in winter, various overwintering insect sources can be eliminated by methods such as digging pupae and scraping skin. Painting the trunk white can eliminate the pests and diseases that overwinter in the cracks in the bark.
Transplanting method of garden trees
(1) tool preparation
A 30-ton crane and a 20-ton extended van, straw ropes and some digging tools.
(2) Irrigation
Irrigation should be carried out about 5 days before transplanting, so that the roots and branches of seedlings have enough water to make up for the problem of insufficient water absorption during transplanting. After irrigation, the soil is easy to dig and form soil.
(3) liquidation
Two days before excavation, the straw rope was soaked with water and wound from the base of the trunk, which was mainly used for heat preservation and moisture retention. First, avoid direct sunlight and transportation, prevent dry wind from blowing after planting, and reduce evaporation of trunk water; The second is to adjust the humidity of the trunk to reduce the damage of the temperature difference at the transplant site to the trunk; Thirdly, watering the rope winding part can store a certain amount of water and keep the trunk as wet as possible; Fourthly, it can protect trees from mechanical damage during excavation, transportation and planting. Waste car tires should be used to wrap the trunk at the lifting place of crane wire rope to prevent the trunk from being damaged by wire rope during lifting.
(4) Pruning
Pruning is the main measure to keep the balance of aboveground parts in the process of tree transplantation. Generally, deciduous trees and conifers cannot be pruned. For evergreen broad-leaved trees, the branches of diseases, pests and clumps should be trimmed first.
(5) Positioning
Orientation is to mark the north-south direction on the branches with paint, so that they can still keep the original direction when transplanted to meet their requirements for light.
(6) Excavation
The key to digging trees is to protect soil balls from scattering. Generally, the diameter of the soil ball is 865,438+00 times the diameter of the trunk, and the height of the soil ball is about 70% of the diameter. If the soil ball is too big, it will disperse easily, and if it is too small, it will not survive. When excavating, appropriately increase the excavation area, form a certain slope from the inside out, and excavate a barrel with a certain diameter, vertical and the same width from top to bottom.
(7) Dressing and packaging of soil balls
After digging the soil ball, trim it with a sharp hoe or shovel. A small flat bottom should be built under the soil ball, and the soil ball should be wrapped after finishing. First, wrap the soil ball with a soaked straw rope and wrap it around the waist with the width of 65438+ 0/3 of the soil ball. Then tie the straw rope to the trunk and cross it up and down to form a net. When winding, use force, bind firmly, minimize the number of joints, and tie the rope head tightly to the roots. Then use thick hemp rope to cross and wrap the soil ball into a circle.
(8) Hoisting
When a tree is hoisted by a crane, it can be directly hoisted and mounted on the vehicle. The car is padded with 40 cm thick straw to prevent the soil ball from directly contacting with the car steel plate and damaging the soil ball. When loading the car, put the soil ball forward and the tree back flat on the car. In order to prevent the soil ball from rolling, it can be fixed with stones. The trunk is fixed at the contact point of the fender with waste car tires and hemp rope. After loading, twine the trunk with hemp rope at multiple points and fix it on the carriage. After the car is loaded, it should be transported to the designated nursery for planting.
Feng Shui Analysis of Planting Landscape Trees in Gardens
(1) tree species selection
Planting trees in the yard is dispensable. According to geomantic omen, plants can be divided into two categories: bad luck and bad luck. There are two criteria for dividing the perpetrators: one is based on whether there is poisonous gas or venom, which has certain scientific basis. For example, some scholars believe that cordate telosma will emit a large number of particles that strongly stimulate the sense of smell at night, which has adverse effects on patients with heart disease and hypertension. The flowers of oleander are poisonous, and the fragrance of flowers makes people sleepy and reduces human function. Tulip flowers have soil alkali, which is easy to fall off when exposed to hair too much. This is a fierce tree and should not be planted in the yard. The other is the shape of the tree, such as "the tree is strange, and its name is ruined by anger", "the tree is hunched over, and its wealth is exhausted", "the tree is like an ox, and it is ill" and so on. All ugly, dignified and abnormally developed trees are fierce. I'm afraid this is a psychological effect or a traditional humanistic aesthetic concept at work. As for auspicious tree, it is determined according to plant characteristics, meanings and even homophones, and people tend to hold this view in real life. For example, Feng Shui scholars believe that 65,438+03 plants such as palm, citrus, bamboo, Toona sinensis, Sophora japonica, Ganoderma lucidum, plum, Ficus microcarpa, jujube, pomegranate, grape and begonia are auspicious plants, while peach, willow, wormwood, ginkgo and cypress are auspicious plants.
(2) Planting direction
Ancient geomantic classics have some conclusions about this: "Peach poplars are planted in the east, plum dates are planted in the south, elms are planted in the west and plums are planted in the north", "It is unlucky to hang willows in front of the door", "Sophora japonica is in the middle of the door, and there are ghosts behind the house", "Double dates are planted in front of the door" and "bamboo and wood are green in front of the house to make money". From the above conclusions, combined with modern scientific knowledge, we think that some conclusions contain natural scientific knowledge, while others are a psychological need to avoid misfortune. For example, peach trees are planted in the east because the sunrise is the first in the east, willow trees germinate earlier, and peach blossoms are one of the earliest flowering plants in spring, so it is more reasonable to plant them in the east, elm trees are wet plants, and it is more appropriate to plant them in the west when the sun is not afraid. As for the saying that locust trees attract wealth and elm trees exorcise ghosts, there are probably many superstitious elements. Willow should not be planted in front of the main gate, which may refer to willow "easy virtue", which is psychologically unacceptable.
(3) the number of trees planted
Feng Shui advocates reasonable close planting. It thinks: when the surroundings are large and narrow, don't plant many kinds of trees, otherwise it will help to shade them; Only the sparse left and right behind are densely planted to block their emptiness. We agree with this view, but some of the following statements are too superstitious and can be discarded: "A single tree is the door, but a widowed mother and an orphaned grandson", "The door is in the forest, and the sudden illness is more fierce", "Two trees in front of the door hurt more people", "The left tree is not straight, and the luck is not so fierce", "The left tree is three to five, and the husband and wife are fighting each other", and "Two trees are sandwiched between houses, and the loss is certain.
(4) the size of the tree
Different schools of geomantic omen have different requirements on how big trees should be planted in the courtyard: in geomantic omen, the formal school thinks it is appropriate to plant big trees in rows to block the suffocation around the house. In order to meet the needs of the situation, when building a house on the plain or in a wide place around it, trees and flowers can be used to create a pattern of "left green dragon, left white tiger, former suzaku and back Xuanwu", that is, planting big trees at the back of the house, medium trees on the left and right sides, and low shrubs or grass in front. This way is understandable from the aesthetic point of view, which meets people's psychological needs of finding a "land of feng shui", so we can participate in the design. In geomantic theory, it is believed that trees should be planted in high places and low plants should be planted in low places. For example, the theory of "Year of Eight Houses" holds that trees should be planted only when there are natural medicines in the house, and there is longevity and vitality. Dwarf trees or grass can be planted in other directions. Kong Xuan's law stipulates that only God can plant trees, but the direction of zero God is not suitable. This method may have no scientific basis or aesthetic feeling, and should not be used as a reference unless the owner has special requirements.
(5) Selection of tree species
Generally speaking, Feng Shui theory advocates a square garden, which is symmetrical and balanced. Therefore, the overall requirements for plant cultivation can be summarized as: healthy and disease-free, dignified and peculiar, as can be seen from the following Feng Shui judgment. "Strange trees are swollen at the waist, evil spirits are promiscuous little devils", "Bamboo and wood are hung upside down by the water, and children fall into the water", "Dead trees are used as doors, burning people to death", "Twisted branches and vines, hanging beams capsize", "Trees are damaged, feet are sick", "Fruits are left behind, phlegm and fire lead to miscellaneous diseases", "Roots are swollen under trees, deaf and blind", dead trees and dead trees. As for the ugly trees, they should be split in two. Some trees are beautiful because of bending, and they are good because of bending, so we can't exclude them all. Of course, we won't grow those ugly and twisted ones.
(6) Selection of plant colors
Classical Feng Shui books rarely discuss the color of plants directly, but only a few words, such as "the right tree is red, a seductive family" and "the right tree is white, and the children and grandchildren are scattered". I am afraid that the right tree is related to "Peach Blossom" and should not be located on the right side of the pond, otherwise it will be obscene. "White flowers on the right tree" is related to the custom of mourning the dead with white flowers, so it is judged that children and grandchildren will be separated. We think this judgment is nonsense, otherwise the flawless Magnolia grandiflora planted in front of the house would be all wet? Although ancient geomantic theory didn't talk much about what color plants were planted, it believed that everything in the world was composed of five material elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and different colors represented different elements.
Gold-white, apricot and gold
Wood cyan, green
Water-black and blue
Fire-red and purple
Soil-yellow, brown
As for the orientation and the color, Feng Shui has produced a series of complicated theories based on the principle that the five elements coexist and resist each other, so we won't discuss it because of the limited space. According to people's psychological habits of color, some new modern Feng Shui scholars put forward some new views. They think red represents prosperity and enthusiasm; Green represents peace; Yellow represents wealth; Black represents solemnity; White represents cleanliness and solemnity. Can refer to the application in landscape design.