What is the design basis of dust mask? How to define the dustproof effect?

China has formulated the eight-character policy of "skin, water, density, wind, protection, management, education and inspection" to prevent dust and dust. Leather, that is, reforming production technology and technological innovation, is the fundamental measure to eliminate pneumoconiosis, such as remote control, computer control, compartment monitoring and so on to avoid contact with dust; Water, that is, wet operations, such as timely or wet grinding of refractories, wet drilling in mines, underground transportation water spraying, high-pressure water injection in coal seams, etc. It can prevent dust from flying to a great extent and reduce the concentration of environmental dust; Dense, that is, the source of productive dust is sealed, such as mechanization, sealing and automation of production process; Wind, that is, using ventilation to achieve the purpose of dust removal; Protection, that is, taking personal protective measures; Tube, that is, strengthen technical management, establish the necessary dust control system; Teaching, that is, do a good job in publicity and education, so that dust prevention work becomes the conscious action of employees; Check, that is, regular inspection and appraisal, summary, regular inspection and health examination, including pre-job physical examination, regular on-the-job physical examination and off-duty physical examination, and follow-up inspection of workers who have been exposed to dust for a long time after leaving their posts according to regulations.

There are three points to pay attention to when choosing a dust mask: First, the mask should be able to effectively prevent dust from entering the respiratory tract. An effective dust mask must be able to prevent fine dust from entering the respiratory tract, that is, it must be a nationally recognized "dust mask". Ordinary gauze masks have no dustproof effect. The second is suitability. The mask should adapt to the face shape, and the air will not enter the respiratory tract from the gap between the mask and the face to the maximum extent. It should be worn correctly according to the instructions. Third, it is comfortable to wear, mainly to effectively prevent dust, and it can also make breathing effortless after wearing a mask, light in weight, hygienic to wear and convenient to maintain. Wearing a dust mask for a long time will reduce or lose the dust-proof effect, so be sure to replace it regularly according to the instructions of the mask. In use, it is necessary to prevent extrusion deformation, water pollution and careful maintenance.

Who are not suitable for dust work? According to national regulations,/kloc-teenagers under 0/8 years old and people with the following diseases are not allowed to engage in dust operations. (1) All kinds of active tuberculosis, including tuberculosis, and tuberculosis in all parts except the lungs. (2) Severe chronic upper respiratory tract and bronchial diseases, such as atrophic rhinitis, nasal tumor, bronchial wheezing, bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis. (3) Chest diseases that significantly affect lung function, such as diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, severe pleural hypertrophy and adhesion, and thoracic deformity. (4) Serious cardiovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension and heart disease. The treatment of pneumoconiosis is mainly comprehensive treatment: for patients who have already got the disease, dust should be removed and their health should be maintained as much as possible. Generally speaking, pneumoconiosis patients have few symptoms and no complications, and do not need hospitalization. As long as they pay attention to forming healthy living habits and carrying out reasonable and moderate health exercises, they can live a normal life. First of all, patients can't smoke, and smoking will aggravate their condition; Prevent colds, pay attention to climate change, and adjust clothes and outdoor activities in time; Moderate exercise, such as walking, tai chi, deep breathing, etc. Do as much physical activity as possible, and appropriately increase some foods rich in protein (milk, eggs, lean meat) and vitamin C (fresh fruits and vegetables), which can increase immunity. Preventing complications is very important for the health maintenance of pneumoconiosis patients. Preventing colds, especially winter colds, and not going to places where people are too concentrated during the cold epidemic can effectively prevent and reduce the chance of lung infection. Don't have close contact with tuberculosis patients to prevent tuberculosis. Keep the stool unobstructed, don't use too much force suddenly, treat it in time when coughing, and avoid coughing hard, which can prevent and reduce the occurrence of pneumothorax. Patients with pulmonary infection, cor pulmonale, cardiac insufficiency and tuberculosis must go to the hospital for treatment in time.