By studying the brief history of scientific and technological development, what are the factors that affect scientific development?
1, the spirit of "nature"
The starting point of the spirit of "nature" in China's traditional culture is to ask people to "know nature truthfully without attaching subjective imagination". There are representative Taoist ideas of "natural inaction", Wang Chong's view of "heaven is natural" in Han Dynasty, and Liu Yuxi's view of "harmony between man and nature". Zhuang Zi, on the other hand, emphasized that people should respect and care for nature and put forward the excellent idea of ecological balance. It doesn't mean that people should be idle in front of nature, advocate understanding nature according to its structure and characteristics, and ask nature for the means of human life without harming nature. These "natural" views are full of simple materialism. It tells people that man and nature are closely related, so we should know nature objectively and use its laws to serve mankind. Under the influence of these viewpoints, our ancestors used different natural forms to build a large number of water conservancy facilities to meet the needs of agriculture. Dujiangyan, Zheng Guoqu and other large-scale water conservancy projects built at that time are still miracles of water conservancy projects in the world. China is also one of the countries that mastered astronomy earlier. The ancients made a profound study on the growth, flood season and astrological position of plants, and combined with their own experience in climate and seasons, summed up the 24 solar terms and lunar calendar, which are still in use today. China's ancient medicine is unique in the ancient eastern world, and China has rich TCM and systematic TCM theories. For example, the four classic works of traditional medicine, Huangdi Neijing, Difficult Classic, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Shennong Herbal Classic, and later Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, are the most precious cultural wealth of China, which has made great contributions to the drug development of later generations and is an important drug literature in the world.
2. The spirit of "equality"
Ancient people observed the sunny and dark side in farming practice. And observe the wind direction to predict the weather changes. Therefore, the two most common categories "Yin" and "Yang" in China traditional culture have been cast. When people use Yin and Yang to explain natural and personnel changes, they also sum up the concepts of "odd" and "even" in digital calculation. Traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the harmony between Yin and Yang, but most of the ancient buildings in China are symmetrical, which seems to have formed a fixed thinking mode and aesthetic point of view. It can be seen that the spirit of "parity" had a far-reaching impact on ancient medicine and architecture in China.
3. The spirit of "communication"
China's traditional culture is the result of the joint creation of people of all ethnic groups. At the same time, it constantly absorbs foreign cultures and develops on the basis of maintaining its own originality. Historically, all ethnic groups with the Han nationality as the main body blended with each other, forming the broad and tolerant temperament of the Chinese nation. China's traditional culture is not a complacent culture. It is good at learning the advantages of various cultural systems and can be digested and absorbed to enrich itself. Buddhism originated in India, but it has developed so prosperously in China. Today, it is the best example. The world-famous "Silk Road", Zheng He's voyage to the West, and Tang Xuanzang's learning from the scriptures all embodied the spirit of "communication" and directly or indirectly promoted the scientific and technological progress at that time.
Impact:
China is one of the four ancient civilizations with splendid ancient civilization. Here are the "Four Great Inventions" that we are still proud of, as well as the amazing Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and the Great Wall of Wan Li. Culture, as the soil for the growth of science and technology, has made great contributions to the scientific development in ancient China, making China's science and technology in the forefront of all nationalities in the world for a long time. But by the middle of the Ming Dynasty, China's scientific development gradually fell behind other countries, which caused the humiliation of modern China. Therefore, we have to reflect on the traditional culture of China. How should we treat our traditional culture under the new historical conditions? I think it is actually eight words: "take its essence and discard its dross." At the same time, while accepting the challenges from foreign cultures, we should constantly integrate with foreign cultures, so as to promote the development of science and technology in China.