Chen Dui's Social Evaluation
His moral integrity is more praised by the world, and the story of the conquered nation's reckless behavior has been passed down to this day.
He is a Xianju, a famous botanist, local chronicler, philologist and calligrapher in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Climb up the stairs along the broken steps covered with weeds, and the stone tablet that has gone through more than 700 years sleeps quietly in the weeds.
This is the site of Yinzhen Palace in Nancun, Huairen Road, Xiazhen, Xianju County. There are precious stone tablets left by Chen, a scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty. The erosion of time and the smoke of war, except for a world-famous Flora and a phrase that has been passed down to this day, "Yuan was an official in the later generations", this scholar left few marks on the world.
Xianju in the Southern Song Dynasty occupies an important position in history. The Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, who advocated Taoism, favored this "fairy house". It is said that the Silver Needle Palace was built because of the gift of the emperor, and Chen left a stone tablet in the Silver Needle Palace. This stone tablet has become one of the precious historical materials for studying Chen.
A stone tablet that has experienced vicissitudes tells the story of scholar Chen.
Chen became the first person to write a "bacterial spectrum" in the world.
A.D. 1245 (five years), Chen Song, who carefully reviewed the manuscript again, breathed a sigh of relief, pushed open the window, and fresh air poured in outside. He took a deep breath greedily.
There is also a manuscript with wet ink on the case. In order to write "Flora", Chen has traveled many times in the mountains and forests. Sometimes, I even risk my life to taste a new mushroom.
Chen of 1245 only knows how to bury himself in research. He probably doesn't know that his Flora has become the earliest extant monograph on edible fungi in the world, and it has been included in Sikuquanshu, which has become the pride of botanical research in China.
As the first monograph on fungi in the world, Flora has been recorded in Chinese history books and mentioned in textbooks over the years.
In fact, the birth of flora is closely related to Chen's birthplace. Xianju, located in the mountainous area, is rich in 1 1 kinds of edible fungi, such as Fugu mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, Chestnut shell mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake, Dictyophora, Wheat mushroom, Jade mushroom, Yellow mushroom, Purple mushroom, Four Seasons mushroom and Amanita mushroom. Chen, who likes traveling since childhood, has a strong interest in edible fungi in his hometown. Through observation, tasting and research, he completed Flora in the fifth year of Chunyou.
Zhang Jin, director of Xianju County Cultural Relics Management Office, has studied Chen's life. He believes that Chen's academic achievements are first reflected in the book Flora. This book *** 1 1 introduces in detail the living conditions, shapes, colors, tastes and eating methods of1species of edible fungi. Although the length is not very long, it is concise, rich in connotation and of high scientific and technological value, so it was compiled into Sikuquanshu. This book is the first book of mycobotany in the world. Zhiheng Pan's Guangjunpu in the Ming Dynasty and Wu Lin's Wujunpu in the Qing Dynasty are both further developments on the basis of Chen Junpu.
Compilation of the First Collection of China Tourism Documents
Chen's talent is not only reflected in the study of edible fungi.
Like to travel, I have traveled all my life to Mount Tai, Yishui, Wuyi, Qinhuai and Xiangshan. Wherever he goes, he will write travel notes to express his ambition.
In the autumn of the third year of Chunyou (1243), Chen compiled his travels over the years into Travel Notes, with a total of 88 articles. Travel Notes is China's first travel notes. This book is a collection of travel notes of famous people who traveled to famous mountains and rivers in past dynasties. Its contents were reprinted at the beginning of Continued Travel Notes by Tao, a famous scholar in Yuan Dynasty, and it is of great literary historical value.
Zhang Yan told reporters that Chen Yisheng has written a lot, and his academic contribution is also reflected in the compilation of "A Spring Trip to Lin 'an". In the ninth year of Chunyou (1249), Chen was entrusted by Lin 'an government to compile Annals of Chunyou Lin 'an. He first communicated with Wu, and then with him, "I visited Si at night and heard hundreds of ancient and modern stories. In short, nine out of ten people are doors, nine out of ten people are classes, and fifty people are quantity. In short, hundreds of thousands of words are ready. "
The next year, this book became Fu Zi's work. This book is a masterpiece of ancient local chronicles in China, which has important reference value for studying the history of Song Dynasty and Lin 'an in Song Dynasty. My successor mistakenly compiled a Collection of History. In recent years, Hong Huanchun discovered Chen's Chronological Preface of a Spring Tour in Lin 'an, which was collected in Yongle Dadian, and was corrected in the book Study of Zhejiang Local Records. Although the book is incomplete, it is still highly praised by future generations because of its excellent style, informative historical materials and simple and elegant writing.
Only when the snow melts will you know that you are loose and noble.
Chen, who is rich in economy and knowledge, has noble qualities since he was a child.
In the fifth year of Jiading (12 12), Chen was born in Huangcun, south of Xianju City (near Xiaonanmen, Chengguan Town, Xianju County), a prestigious official family. Grandfather Chen Kuo, father are Wu Jinshi, mother Guo is the aunt of Xie Daoqing, queen of the Southern Song Dynasty, and uncle Wu Zhuangyuan.
Chen has been enlightened since childhood and is eager to learn. When he was young, he was famous for his "rich knowledge and rich writing". Later, he served as a banquet official with "white clothes". In the 11th year of Chunyou (125 1), he was recommended to the History Museum by the banquet. During the reign of Kai Qingyuan (1259), Yu Bi gave him a special background as a scholar. In the following year, it rose nine times. In September, he was appointed as the military supervisor and editor of the National History Museum. In June, he served as a prisoner in eastern Zhejiang, knowing Quzhou. Later, he served as the history of appeasement in eastern Zhejiang and assistant minister of the Ministry of War. In his later years, he returned to the county seat facing the sea.
This noble character is sometimes revealed in Chen's articles. In an inscription he wrote, there is a sentence that "there is no rhyme suitable for me". Test his life, it's true. Although he was born in an official's family and a relative of the country, he did not have the arrogant and carefree style of ordinary aristocratic children. There is such a record in his "Old Records" that he "learned the Spring and Autumn Period, studied the history of classics and read various books on astronomy and geography when he was a child, and he would write down every experience."
Chen Ye is a famous calligrapher. In recent years, three inscriptions in his calligraphy have been found in Xianju, Tiantai, Linhai and other counties and cities. One is that "Yin Zhen Gong Zhuang Tian Ji" is an official script, which is recorded as an official book; One said, "The Epitaph of Song Tairu", and its forehead and inscription are authentic; One said that the epitaph was missing because his forehead was incomplete and he didn't know the style of the book. The epitaph is the official book. The three inscriptions are dignified, vigorous, delicate, refined, regular and arrogant, which is quite a legacy of Ouyang.
Chen is also good at writing poems. Most of his poems are about visiting famous mountains and rivers. Their poetic style is fresh and elegant, refined and beyond the dust, and there are many sages. For example, the poem "Traveling in the Cave" says: "Purple smoke stacks on the top of Tianzhu Peak, and jade meets the distance ... suddenly it is not a person, and today it is amazing." The scenery is colorful, the language is extraordinary and unique.
Chen's solar terms are most praised by later generations. He is a national hero, and his desperate spirit for the conquered people embodies a sense of national justice and loyalty.
Chen was born in an official family and received the education of traditional Confucianism without exception. At the same time, he was deeply influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. Taoism, in particular, had a deeper influence on him. This can be confirmed by his poems. In Chen Liushi's five poems, almost the capital contains the life purport of Taoism, that is, being free from vulgarity and carefree.
Even so, Taoism's passive and reclusive thought was rejected by him, which was obviously reflected in his refusal to fight against Yuan Dynasty in his later years.
Chen is unfortunate. Because he lived in the Southern Song Dynasty, when rivers and mountains were broken and "warm winds smoked tourists drunk". In the first year of Deyou (1275), Empress Xie sent a letter to the counties in the world to reduce the yuan. At this time, Chen retired from Taizhou. In fact, he should obey the imperial edict, because after all, it was his own cousin who issued the imperial edict, and the national law and family hoped that Chen would go with the flow. However, he "would rather die than surrender" When he was called to Taizhou, out of national integrity, regardless of his old age and weak health, he refused the imperial edict together with Wang Jue, who had the right to know Taizhou from Xianju, and recruited righteous people to build a city to "support the people and save their lives" against the Yuan Dynasty. In February of the following year, due to being outnumbered, the city was defeated and the baron died. He lives in seclusion in the mountains and seas of Shitang, Wenling. On his deathbed, he also warned that "future generations have no official yuan." After Chen's death, he was moved to the side of Taohua Cave in Nanfengshan, a suburb of Xianju.
Xianju scholars' research on Chen
In the study of Chen, Max Zhang was the first scholar in China.
Up to now, Zhang Ming still keeps the book "Bacterial Spectrum" during the Republic of China, as well as Chen's stele extension and some historical materials. Since 1995 was transferred to the cultural relics department, Zhang Jin began to systematically study this Taizhou cultural celebrity who had an influence on the history of China. From Sikuquanshu to local documents, he carefully read and collected all the writings and research articles about Chen. What is even more rare is that he pays attention to digging Chen's footprints from the biographies of China's famous local chronicles. Every time he goes to a place on business, he will always find the local library and consult the literature and books of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Liu Kezhuang, a famous writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, collected comments on Chen Wenzhang in The Complete Works of Wen Song. On a business trip, Zhang Jin saw this set of precious books. Books worth more than 30 thousand yuan could not be bought, so he soaked in the library and concentrated on reading them.
"Chen is a historical figure with national significance and deserves academic attention. He has been forgotten by history for more than 700 years." This is the original intention of Zhang Ming to study Chen. He told reporters that Chen is a scholar with profound knowledge, rich writings and great national integrity. However, due to the lack of biography of the Song Dynasty and the brief records in local historical books, his life story cannot be known in detail today. In 1980s, according to Chen's Chronicle of Spring Tour in Lin 'an, the rare books in Beijing Library changed the old theory that the Chronicle of Spring Tour in Lin 'an was compiled by Chen, which attracted the attention of academic circles. Zhang Yi said: "Looking at Chen Yisheng, his character is noble; Its integrity, heroic and touching; His scholarship, extensive and profound examination, he is really a person with touching highlights in many aspects, which is worth remembering and learning forever. "
Another scholar is also a "fan" of Chen. In the interview, he made a detailed textual research on Chen Liushu's calligraphy and found that "Chen is a Taoist mountain", and there are two records about Chen Moya's stone carvings; There are also related records in Song Dynasty (Liang Kejia), and its handwriting is especially present in today's world.
Once wrote a poem in memory of Chen:
Yonganxi is more leisurely, climbing high and sighing about the past.
Where is the Biqi Mountain House now? Songtao soars into the sky.
This poem is also the admiration of later generations for Chen, a strong and frosty scholar.