Do you have any information about Huizhou architecture? In particular, doors are urgently needed. ...
Name of huipai architecture school. In the process of its formation, the ancient Huizhou architecture is influenced by the unique geographical environment and humanistic concept, showing distinctive regional characteristics, and is unique in many aspects such as modeling, function, decoration and structure. After the middle of Ming Dynasty, with the rise of Huizhou gentry and commercial groups, Huizhou gardens and residential buildings also went out of Huizhou and took root in major towns in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou and Jinling in Jiangsu. Jingdezhen and other places in Jiangxi are cities with dense Huizhou architecture all the year round. "Huizhou architecture" is a mature ancient architecture school in the late period of ancient China. Its technological characteristics and modeling style are mainly reflected in residential buildings, temples, archways and gardens. As designers and implementers, the "Huizhou Gang" craftsmen in the south of the Yangtze River played an important role in the formation of this school. The most distinctive feature of "Huizhou architecture" is the traditional residential architecture. It reflects Huizhou's mountain scenery, feng shui desire and regional aesthetic tendency. The structure of Huizhou residential buildings is mostly in the form of multiple courtyards (the small ones are mostly in the form of three courtyards), generally facing south, facing the mountains and facing the water, and stressing the value of geomantic omen. The layout is symmetrically divided by the central axis, with three rooms wide, one hall in the middle and rooms on both sides. The front of the hall is called patio, with lighting and ventilation, and the courtyards are set together to create a deep and self-sufficient type. The high wall is closed, the horse's head is tilted, the wall lines are patchy, the black tiles are white, and the colors are elegant and generous. In terms of decoration, the beauty of the "three sculptures" of Huizhou folk houses is amazing. The integration of blue brick door covers, stone carving windows, wood carving columns and buildings makes the buildings beautiful and poetic, which is a major feature of Huizhou folk houses. Ancestral temples and archways in Huizhou are also quite heavy in Huizhou architecture: ancestral temples. Sleeping halls are assembled into groups, and Liang Xiongwei has wonderful and magnificent "three sculptures". The archway is mainly made of stones, with four columns on the fifth floor, four columns and eight columns, and its mouth shape is elegant and scattered in various towns and villages. It is an important part of ancient Huizhou cultural landscape. "Huizhou architecture" is still full of vitality today, and new Huizhou architecture can often be seen in the north and south of the Yangtze River.
Portal Huizhou architectural format. The doors of Huizhou buildings are all equipped with gatehouses (the smaller ones are called gatehouses), whose main function is to prevent rainwater from splashing on the doors along the walls. Generally, the gatehouses of farmhouses are relatively simple. At a distance from the upper part of the door frame, the eaves are made of water mill bricks, covered with tiles and carved with simple decorations. The gatehouses of rich families are very particular, and most of them are decorated with bricks or stone carvings. The rock temple in Huizhou area is a mixture of bluestone and water-milled bricks. The gatehouse is carved with two lions playing with balls, which is vivid in image and exquisite in knife work. There are huge drum stones on both sides of the column, which are elegant and luxurious. In the gatehouse of a residential building in Yuliang Town, Shexian County, there is a brick carving "Hundred Pictures" between two beams. The gatehouse is a residential building, with hundreds of playthings carved into different forms and vivid charm.
Hall-style Huizhou architectural structure, also known as Huizhou Guild Hall. The hall is located at the back of the hall and is closely connected with the hall. It is a transitional building where the hall enters the inner room. Most of them are wooden floors, and three rooms are opposite the hall. The crowd entered from both sides of the front screen of the hall. There are two rooms in a hall. The hall is smaller than the formal three rooms and has patio lighting.
Hall-style Huizhou architectural structure. The hall is Amin Hall, and there are three open rooms, which are enclosed by movable partitions for convenient use in winter. Generally speaking, the hall has two corridors facing the patio. There is also a screen door for the middle crowd, which goes in and out from both sides of the screen door every day. During the courtesy activities, they went in and out through the screen door. The variation of the hall sometimes has a side door population, a guest room under the patio to entertain visitors, or a two-wing room at the main entrance population. The guild hall is in Huizhou.
The architectural format of "kissing on the roof of Huizhou School" refers to the large decorative sketches on the roof of Huizhou School. Large-scale buildings in Huizhou ancient buildings, such as ancestral halls, temples, and houses, follow the official practice of the Song Dynasty's architectural law and adopt the kiss on the roof of Huizhou, including front kiss, crouching beast, hanging back kiss, horn beast, trapping beast and so on. Different from official training, it belongs to Huizhou school, and its origin is attached. It is said that the "Bailiang Hall" built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was destroyed by fire. The alchemist said, "There are fish in the South China Sea and the water quality is good. It rained heavily to suppress the fire injury with a temple kiss. " The orthodox kiss was born and inherited. Another example is the vertical spine kiss, which is a kind of figure ornament located at the head of the same spine and is called "immortal". There are different opinions about which fairy it refers to. It must be restricted, so "Yu Wang" was asked to guard it. Some people say that Heracles "Erlang God" split the mountain to save his mother, and the beast on his back is called "Whispering Dog", which also means that Erlang God catches evil spirits in this town. All these statements are aimed at protecting peace and expressing endless happiness.
Flying chair Huizhou architectural format. It is an elegant name for setting armchairs around the patio of Huizhou residential buildings. See beauty quickly.
Huizhou architecture with high walls and deep houses. There are many ancient houses in Huizhou, surrounded by high walls, which are called "uphill walls". From a distance, they look like ancient castles. In addition to the gate, the house has only a few small windows, and the lighting mainly depends on the patio. This kind of house is often deep, the entrance is the entrance, the middle is the patio, and the back is the lobby, which is generally inhabited. After the hall, there is a door in the middle, which is a two-bedroom apartment. The rooms are built on both sides. This is the first entrance. The second entrance is a ridge divided into two halls, with two wells in front and two wells in back. There is a partition, four rooms and two halls. The third entrance, the fourth entrance or more entrances in the future are basically the same in structure. This kind of deep house is lived by a family. With the reproduction of children and grandchildren, houses will be built one by one, so the biggest house will have "36" as soon as it opens, with one door in and out and one ancestor offering sacrifices. It vividly reflects the ancient times.
Folk customs of cohabitation in Huizhou. This kind of building with high walls and deep houses is rare in China.
Lattice window Huizhou architectural form. The cloisters around the courtyard in Huizhou folk houses are separated by wooden lattice windows, which have the functions of lighting, ventilation, dust prevention, heat preservation and separation of indoor and outdoor spaces. Grid window is composed of outer frame material, strip ring plate, skirt and grid core strip. The main forms are square (square, square, oblique square, mat pattern, etc. ) and round (round mirror, crescent moon, ancient money, etc. "both longevity and longevity" are represented by shoutao and Buddha's hand prints; "Four Seasons Peace" means putting Chinese rose flowers in vases; "The harvest of five grains" is a combination of ears of grain, bees and lanterns. "Fu Lushou" is represented by bats, deer and peaches. The lattice window also uses gauze, colored paper and bamboo curtain to increase indoor light transmission.
Huizhou architecture is famous for its three wonders of ancient architecture, which refers to ancient ancestral halls, ancient dwellings and ancient archways, and is the most outstanding representative of Huizhou architecture's artistic achievements.
The Huizhou architectural style of the overpass is also called "arcade". Generally, it is built over the street outside the main hall, relying on the walls on both sides of the street or alley, and is made of wooden frames to lay the floor, which is quite elegant. Overpass is generally about 2 meters high, 3-5 meters long and 4- 15 meters wide. On both sides of the vertical street, brick walls are built on the floor of the lower half of the building, and the upper half is composed of detachable trough plates. This overpass is built according to a shape.
The Huizhou architectural style of Huoxiang is generally based on the mansion, which is spacious and long. Its main function is to prevent fire, so it is called Pogostemon. It is also used as a living room passage. In the old society, ladies from wealthy families had to take sedan chairs when they went out, but they couldn't get up and down outside the gate. Huo Xiang has become a place where women get on and off sedan chairs. When you go out, the bearers will lift it at two o'clock and carry it out of the city gate before you can return on your shoulders.
Huizhou architectural form in the upstairs hall. The ancient Huizhou area has abundant rainfall, humid climate, few people and high mountains. In order to prevent boils in mountainous areas, people take upstairs as their main living place. Therefore, the upstairs hall is particularly spacious, not only with bedrooms, halls, wings, but also with beautiful people leaning against the sky. The design is exquisite and artistic. The upstairs hall retains the "dry fence" of the ancient mountain Vietnamese.
Horse-headed wall Huizhou architectural format refers to the wall that is higher than the roof of two gables. In order to meet the needs of dense fire prevention and wind protection of villages and towns, Huizhou ancient buildings built a "wall" higher than the roof at the top of two gables of residential buildings. Because it looks like a horse's head, it is called "horse's head wall". Its structure: layered with the slope of the roof, and the slope length is set to several steps. There are three eaves tiles on the top of the wall. At the top of each pile head, a fan plate (golden flower plate) is installed. On it, various Soviet-style "seat heads" are installed, such as "magpie tail type", "printing bucket type" and "sitting kiss type". "Magpie tail style" is to carve a brick shaped like a magpie tail as a seat head. "Printing bucket" means burning a brick that looks like a square bucket with one on it.
Beauty depends on Huizhou architecture. It's called "beauty shit" In Huizhou ancient dwellings, the upper floor is often regarded as the main place for daily life and activities. Ancient women couldn't easily get out of the downstairs, so they could only lean on the chairs around the patio and look out at the outside world or peep at the entertainment greeted downstairs. So this chair is called "beauty". This kind of chair has a prominent backrest and hangs on the railing around the patio, so it is also called "flying".
Four-in-one Huizhou architectural structure is a combination of two groups and three rooms, which can be divided into two types: big four-in-one and small four-in-one The upper hall of the big four-in-one faces the lower hall, with a big yard in the middle. The upper hall is a three-in-one hall with high floors, which is the main hall. The lower hall is also three rooms, slightly shallow in depth, one floor lower than the upper hall, and the upper and lower sides are connected by wing rooms with movable partitions. Stairwells are located in the wing, some are not behind the upper hall, and then a wing and a small patio are set up. The small four-in-one upper hall is the same as the big four-in-one, and the lower hall is a bungalow with small area and depth. Generally, the middle hall can't form the lower hall, just as a passage with two rooms.
Architectural format of quadrangle Huizhou style. Except for a few "dark three rooms", most houses in Huizhou have no "patios". The patios of three rooms are located in front of the hall, and the patios of four rooms are located in the hall. This design fills the room with light and air, but it is cold and rainy in winter. The design of patio has much to do with Huizhou's commercial tradition. Business people are afraid of capital outflow, and the patio can prevent the roof in front of the house from getting wet.
The building materials of Xiaoqingwa Huizhou School are divided into slab tiles, drip tiles, gutter tiles and flower tiles. Slab tiles are used for large-area coverage and can be laid into two shapes: bottom tiles and cover tiles to facilitate drainage. The bottom tile (gutter tile) is stacked on the roof tile, with its small head facing the mouth, the concave surface facing upward, and the covering tile covering between the two gutter tiles, with the convex surface facing upward and the direction opposite to the bottom tile. The drip brick is placed on the gutter brick. It is convenient to throw the rain farther. The gutter tile, also known as the cat's head tile, is painted with a cat's head pattern, which is used on the front of the tile and forms a 90-degree angle with the tile to seal two furrows to prevent mice and birds from nesting in the furrows. By adding a fan-shaped zigzag pattern on the convex surface of the tile, the gutter tile is covered by overlapping gutter tiles. The roof and the top of the wind and fire wall are also built into "ridges" and "dragons" with slabs.
Huizhou architectural custom with fish scales and tiles. The roofs of Huizhou architecture are covered with small green tiles like fish scales, commonly known as "fish scale tiles". Fish scale tiles make the roof appear in rows, which is a typical method of sticking bricks in Huizhou.
Zhaobi is an independent wall outside or inside the traditional buildings in China, and it is a unique architectural form influenced by Feng Shui consciousness. Also called shadow wall or shadow wall. Feng shui pays attention to guiding air, but air can't rush into the hall or bedroom directly, otherwise it will be unlucky. The way to avoid air erosion is to build a wall in front of or near the door. In order to keep the air circulating, this wall can't be closed, so the architectural form of zhaobi is formed. Both have the function of wind protection and blocking the line of sight. If there is decoration on the wall (such as the Nine Dragon Wall), it will have a landscape effect. Huizhou folk belief that ghosts walk straight and their feet don't touch the ground, so the wall can block ghosts and ward off evil spirits, avoid the wind and collect gas. All the old buildings in Huizhou are equipped with zhaobi.