What are the five major functions of scenic spots? urgent! ! ! !

National scenic spots are regional spaces based on natural landscapes with scientific and aesthetic values, integrating nature and culture, and mainly meeting people's needs for spiritual and cultural activities in nature

Integrated space complex. National scenic spots originate from famous mountains and rivers in ancient times, and are in line with modern international national parks. Those whose value reaches the world level are world natural and cultural heritages, and those whose value reaches the national level are national heritages.

Whether it is the world-famous mountains in the agricultural civilization era, the national parks in the industrial civilization era, or the natural cultural heritage in the ecological civilization era, they all meet the needs of mankind at different stages of development. The demand for natural spiritual cultural activities is a place for spiritual communication between people and nature. The complex spiritual connection between man and nature

is also one of the hallmarks that distinguishes him from other higher animals.

1. The meaning of the spiritual connection between man and nature

In order to meet people's material production and life needs, human beings develop, construct and claim nature, etc., which all belong to material connection. The spiritual connection between man and nature

refers to man’s understanding of natural phenomena, spiritual sustenance, exploration of laws and other behaviors, which mainly include worship, sacrifice, appreciation, praise,

Exploration, research, experience and other forms of expression. With the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of material production and production levels, the level of production and production is deepening and deepening, and it also has a reaction on

material connections.

This spiritual connection between human beings and nature has evolved from the mixed function of the same natural object (material production object and spiritual activity object) to the functional differentiation or spiritual differentiation of different natural objects

The characteristics and development of cultural activities can be roughly divided into four eras: (1) The era of fishing, hunting and gathering - the relationship between nature worship

The productivity of the era of fishing, hunting and gathering was extremely low. People relied on fishing, hunting and gathering to survive and develop, and they had no influence on the world. There is a strong dependence on nature, and there is no understanding of the relationship between heaven, earth, and all things. Survival and development can only rely on God-given opportunities and human luck. Therefore, there is no superstition and worship in people's understanding of various objects in nature. The spiritual connection between man and nature is a universal nature worship relationship.

C) Era of Agricultural Civilization - Emotional Relationship

China's "famous mountains" are products of the era of agricultural civilization. In the agricultural era of "depending on the sky for food", the relationship between man and nature The material relationship involves obtaining, planting and raising, which relies heavily on nature and generates emotions of awe, worship, prayer and affinity. This relationship has risen from the universal worship of nature in ancient times to choosing famous mountains and rivers as the prototypes and representatives of nature to carry out various spiritual and cultural activities that reflect the relationship between heaven and man. Famous mountains in the world are separated from the natural mountains that are objects of ordinary material production and economic development. They are specially used as resorts for people's spiritual and cultural activities towards nature and are protected. During the thousands of years of agricultural civilization in China, famous mountains have accumulated a profound spiritual culture of landscapes and developed a variety of functions. Their main functions are as follows

①Emperor’s ritual sacrifices according to written records, as early as the pre-Qin era, have been The sacrificial etiquette of "the emperor worships the famous mountains and rivers in the world, and the princes sacrifices the famous mountains and rivers within his territory

" is formed to pray for good weather, peace and prosperity for the country and the people. The highest form of sacrifice is the emperor's dedication to Mount Tai, the first of the five mountains, which has accumulated over more than two thousand years of the world's unique emperor's sacrifice culture.

②Tourism and aesthetics "Confucius climbed to Mount Dong and made a small Lu, climbed Mount Tai and made the world small." This may be the reason why celebrities climbed Mount Yi (now in the southeast of Zouxian County, Shandong) and Tai

The earliest record of the aesthetic activities of visiting mountains. Confucius' "The benevolent man enjoys the mountains, the wise man enjoys the water" allows the benevolent and wise men to understand from different angles the character of mountains and rivers "to nourish all things

, benefit all directions", and make "the country peaceful". It reflects the spiritual relationship between literati and natural landscapes in the era of agricultural civilization. This concept of mountains and rivers comparing morality

had a profound influence on the aesthetics of landscapes in later generations. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, sightseeing has become fashionable. Especially since the Tang and Song Dynasties, it has become an important function of famous mountains.

③ Religious culture and activities Religious culture has had a profound and lasting impact on the construction and development of Mingshan, and religious activities have gradually become one of the important functions of Mingshan.

Taoism, which was founded in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, is based on the theme of "advocating nature and returning to nature". Famous mountains are their ideal places to collect medicine, refine elixirs, and achieve Taoism

. In the Tang Dynasty, Taoism became popular all over the country and formed a Taoist famous mountain system of ten major caves, thirty-six small caves and seventy-two blessed places. Thirty of them have now become national scenic spots, and three have been included in the World Heritage List. After Buddhism was introduced to China, influenced by Taoism and Confucianism, it became associated with famous mountains, forming a situation where "there are many monks on famous mountains in the world". The four famous Buddhist mountains have all become national scenic spots, and four Buddhist cultural heritage sites have been included in the World Heritage List.

④Creative experience and the creative experience of learning from natural landscape culture are unique advanced functions of China’s scenic spots. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, famous mountains and rivers not only became aesthetic objects, but also created the experiential function of landscape cultural creation. Many literati went deep into famous mountains to express their feelings about the mountains and rivers, and wrote poems and paintings.

Ru Xie Lingyun traveled all over the country, wrote poems to express his feelings, and became the master of Chinese landscape poetry. The creation of landscape poems reached its peak in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Li Bai, who "liked to be famous all his life

and traveled in mountains", deeply felt the relationship between famous mountains and creation, and came to the conclusion that "famous mountains bring prosperity". Poetry and painting have the same origin, and the landscape painting school was also formed during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

For example, Zong Bing, the master of landscape painting, said, "I have lived in the hills and drank in the valleys for more than thirty years, but I don't know that old age is coming." Whenever he came back from traveling in the mountains and rivers, he would "picture it in his room

and lie down to swim with it." Since then, talented landscape painters have emerged in large numbers, and they all went deep into famous mountains and rivers to learn from nature. Just like the monk painter Shi Tao in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties who was attracted by the natural beauty of Huangshan Mountain, he stayed in Huangshan for a long time, "searched all the strange peaks to make drafts", and became one of the founders of Huangshan Painting School. In addition to poetry and painting, landscape travel notes, essays, landscape gardens, landscape bonsai, etc. are all derived from famous mountains and waters. According to statistics, in the electronic search of nearly 50,000 Tang poems, poems describing natural landscape elements such as wind, mountains,

water

, woods, stones and clouds accounted for 41.49% respectively. %, 37.46%, 27.62%, 15.23%, 11.52%, 11.52%. This shows the importance of natural landscape in the poet's mind.

⑤Ask about the wonders of famous mountains and rivers - exploring the scientific nature of mountains and rivers not only gives people inspiration and emotion, but also gives people rational enlightenment. Shen Kuo, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, visited Yandang Mountain and was deeply inspired by the strange peaks and caves, and he came up with a scientific explanation of the erosion of flowing water. Xu Xiake, a traveler in the Ming Dynasty, spent his life "asking about the wonders of famous mountains and rivers in the world". He not only appreciated the beauty of mountains and rivers, but also explored their causes. He is not only a traveler, writer, and geographer, but also the founder of famous mountain landscape science. As the British historian of science and technology Dr. Joseph Needham said of Xu Xiake, "His travel notes do not read like something written by a 17th-century scholar, but like something written by a 20th-century field explorer." "Inspection Diary". It can be seen that China's famous mountains

as early as the Song and Ming dynasties, have given birth to scientific research functions.

⑥ Reading famous mountains in seclusion Since ancient times, many scholars in China have lived in seclusion in famous mountains and rivers, such as Zhuangzi, Dongfang Shuo, Yan Guang, Ji Kang, Tao Yuanming, Chen

Tuan, Wang Fuzi wait. They advocated nature and transcended the world; they did not seek fame and wealth, and lived in seclusion among mountains and rivers; they read and wrote to cultivate their sentiments; they cultivated a righteous spirit

, promoted national integrity, and left behind many beautiful mountains and green waters that represent the Chinese nation. Long-lasting spiritual culture.

Famous mountains are not only a resort for cultivating talents, but also a place for academic exchanges. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially the Song Dynasty, many academies have been established in famous mountain scenic spots. For example, Bailudong Academy in Lushan Mountain, Ziyang Academy in Wuyi Mountain, Songyang Academy in Songshan Mountain, etc. Some famous mountains have as many as ten academies. This is also a phenomenon unique to China's famous mountains in the agricultural civilization era.

The functional development process of the world's famous mountains in the era of Chinese agricultural civilization fully reflects the continuous development and deepening of the spiritual connection between man and nature. Over thousands of years

Some functions have disappeared, such as offering sacrifices and hidden reading, while other functions have developed, such as visiting aesthetics, exploring laws, etc. These are all based on emotion

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(3) The era of industrial civilization - rational relationship

With the improvement of productivity and economic development, science and technology has created a new era of industrial civilization. Humanity's dependence on nature has been relatively weakened. At the same time, predatory development and damage to nature have become increasingly serious. In the second half of the 19th century, when the United States was developing its western region, it asked Congress to enclose land for protection so that generations of Americans could enjoy this beautiful nature. Passed by Congress and signed by the President, the United States established the world's first national park - Yellowstone National Park - in 1872. For more than 100 years, the national park movement has spread all over the world. Now more than 200 countries have established more than 2,600 national parks in the world, accounting for an average of 2.4% of their land area. . An American politician said, "If the United States has made a contribution to the development of world civilization,

perhaps the biggest contribution is the establishment of national parks." In 1974, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Nature formulated the The following four national park standards

have become

international knowledge.

① The area is not less than 10km2, has beautiful landscape, special ecology or terrain, is nationally representative, and has not been mined, settled or constructed by humans;

② For the long-term protection of natural wilderness landscape , protected areas set up for native flora and fauna, and special ecosystems;

③ Measures should be taken by the country’s highest authority to restrict industrial, commercial and residential development, and prohibit logging, mining, setting up factories, farming, grazing and hunting

And other behaviors to effectively maintain the balance of nature and ecology;

④ Maintain the existing natural state and allow visitors to enter under certain conditions for modern and future scientific research and education , tourist and enlightenment places.

National parks are the link between the spiritual and cultural (including science and education) relationships between people and nature in the era of industrial civilization. They are characterized by spiritual relationships based on rationality, that is, science.

In 1982, with the approval of the State Council, our country announced the first batch of national scenic spots - China's national parks. So far, there are 151 of them.

Most of them are famous mountains and rivers in history. Therefore, we should inherit the excellent traditions of Mingshan and strengthen the integration of scientific research and education functions with national parks

The establishment of the national scenic area is a landmark event in the history of the development of Mingshan scenery. It marks that the perceptual relationship stage in the spiritual relationship between man and nature in the agricultural civilization era has entered the rational stage in the spiritual relationship between man and nature in the industrial civilization era. Emphasis on protecting the original natural background, emphasizing the functions of scientific research,

science popularization and patriotism education, turning national parks into germplasm resource banks, natural museums, ecological laboratories and environmental education classrooms, with restrictions on visitors

The number of its service facilities establishes the spiritual relationship between man and nature on a rational scientific basis.

(4) Ecological Civilization Era - Ethical Relationship

The development of high technology in the post-industrial era has brought about rapid changes in human production and life, and at the same time it has also brought changes to nature. Unprecedented destruction.

The deterioration of the natural environment has directly threatened the survival and development of human beings themselves. The "Global Environment Outlook 2000" report issued by the United Nations Environment Program pointed out that vegetation and land on the earth have been severely damaged, and 80% of the world's original forests have been cut down or destroyed. The rate of desertification in my country's land is also unprecedented. It is currently expanding at an average rate of 2,460km2 per year.

Faced with the increasingly serious threats, interference, transformation and destruction of the green homeland of the global village, people not only need to have an overall awareness of protection, but also need to protect those traditional natural and cultural heritages

And rescue those nature reserves and natural scenic spots that have not yet been destroyed and have scientific, aesthetic and historical and cultural values ​​to meet human beings' spiritual and cultural needs for nature. This has become global knowledge.

In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, uniting the world's forces in the form of a convention to protect the world's most precious heritage. . Protecting its authenticity and integrity, passing it on from generation to generation, and using it sustainably is also an important symbol of modern civilization

This shows that the development of scenic spots-natural and cultural heritage functions has entered the era of ecological civilization, and the principle of ecological protection has become the primary principle for the protection of scenic spots.

This spiritual and cultural relationship is based on carrying forward traditions and highlighting ecological values, and recognizes that creatures in nature have the same values ​​and rights as humans. Respecting nature and caring for ecology can elevate people's emotional and rational relationship with nature to an "ethical" relationship, thereby guiding the sustainable development of people and nature spiritually, ethically and scientifically.

2. Protection and development

Protection is the prerequisite for the development and utilization of heritage in any era. Without protection, there would be no famous mountains, no scenic spots and no national parks.

China’s famous mountains in the era of agricultural civilization depended on the whole society to protect them. The emperor issued an edict that "all the Five Sacred Mountains and famous mountains... are prohibited from woodcutting." (Six Codes of the Tang Dynasty.

Shang Shu Gongbu Volume) Specific to a mountain, such as "Forty miles away from the seal in Tiantai Mountain, for It is a blessed garden where animals and plants live forever, and no one is allowed to hunt it." (Ruizong of the Tang Dynasty's "Edict of Jian Tongbai Temple"). Literati praised and protected it based on the aesthetic values ​​of landscape. Religion protects the temple and its environment from the Buddhist consciousness of the Fairy Mountain. The common people and the whole

society

all use Feng Shui awareness to effectively protect them, which forms a protection system for famous mountains all over the world in the era of agricultural civilization. Except for wars, famous mountains are generally effectively protected.

National parks in the era of industrial civilization are protected by legislation and directly managed by the central government, the highest authority in the country. For example, in the United States, protecting national parks is a political task. Every president must make efforts to this end, and the president has a national park advisor.

In the era of ecological civilization, the earth has become a "global village", and protecting natural and cultural heritage has become a global strategy. UNESCO unites the world in the form of a convention to protect the most precious heritage of all mankind. The Convention requires the governments of signatory countries to strive to protect the world heritage and national heritage in the host country.

As of the end of 2001, there were 721 world heritage sites around the world, 28 of which were in China.

It can be seen that in the history of the development of human society, the protection of heritage has also continued to develop, from family heritage (heirlooms), national heritage (national treasures), to world heritage (human heritage) treasure). No matter what era, the purpose of protecting heritage is to protect the authenticity and integrity of the heritage, develop the spiritual, cultural and scientific and educational functions of the heritage site, and prohibit any modification of the heritage site. Excessive economic development allows it to be passed down from generation to generation and used sustainably. Because the development of spiritual and cultural

functions in the heritage scenic area will inevitably promote the development and construction of service facilities outside the area, thus bringing huge economic benefits to the region, but as long as the areas within the area are well protected

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With natural ecological background, appropriate construction can also contribute to providing a good ecological environment and biodiversity in the area.

3 Problems and Countermeasures

The United Nations World Heritage Organization believes that in addition to natural disasters, the main threats facing World Heritage are man-made factors, including international wars.

< p>Regional or domestic conflicts, large-scale projects and mass tourism and out-of-control tourism development, etc.

At present, the biggest threat to China's natural and cultural heritage and scenic spots is out-of-control tourism development, especially misplaced and overloaded tourism development

It has caused the national scenic spots and scenic spots to collapse. Worst damage ever to a World Heritage site. In China, about 80% of the scenic spots have a history of development for thousands of years.

According to the principle of protecting and utilizing natural and cultural heritage in the modern ecological civilization era, many famous mountain scenic spots have already "exceeded the standard". Especially in the past ten years or so, due to misalignment and overloaded development, many scenic spots have been artificialized, commercialized, and urbanized. As a result, the degree of naturalness, beauty, and inspiration has been seriously reduced, and nature

The ecosystem has suffered unprecedented damage. Some scenic spots are transforming into playgrounds for eating, drinking, and having fun. The so-called national treasures and human treasures have become cash cows for a few decision-makers and stock investors.

The "three modernizations" of heritage scenic spots only cater to those who lack natural science knowledge, historical and cultural knowledge, lack aesthetic literacy of landscapes, and fanatically pursue material enjoyment.

The operators make profits and cause irreparable losses to the country and all mankind!

Although my country's world heritage and national scenic spots account for less than 1% of the country's land area, they are the essence of the land and the highest spirit in nature

Cultural activity venues , with a variety of advanced features. It is like the symphony in music and the Peking Opera in drama. In order to make money, we cannot cater to the interest in material enjoyment of those who cannot understand symphony music or Peking opera, and let them set up stalls on the stage and build beds in the theater, and seriously It destroys the natural stage and affects the audience, seriously interfering with high-quality people's spiritual enjoyment of nature and scientific and cultural exploration.

In this regard, the U.S. National Park Manual points out: "Allowing parks to be used for commercial tourism purposes is a waste of the unique and excellent wealth of national parks. All of this All types of tourism should be banned. ""Necessary camping sites in parks should be designed and operated according to natural landscape elements, and luxury hotels are undoubtedly inappropriate." "Protecting the ecosystem as the fundamental purpose of the park... has become the reason for restricting tourist facilities." "Visitors accept 'wild life

way', 'wild travel experience', and 'park experience'."

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The headline of the brochure of Korean National Parks reads: "The unparalleled beauty of Korean National Parks only invites people who love nature."

Treat scenic spots and heritage sites as tourist economic zones Development not only destroys the excellent tradition of spiritual and cultural functions of China's famous mountains, but also does not meet the scientific requirements for the protection and utilization of modern national parks and world heritage. For example, the decision-maker of a famous mountain proposed to "build the top of the mountain into a bustling city in the sky" and "transform the famous scenic mountain into a famous economic mountain." Under the guidance of this policy, this mountain that reflects agriculture The Mingshan Mountain, the epitome of the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation in the civilized era, has been transformed into a commercial mountain connected by three cableways and one highway. There are dozens of quarries around the mountain, where rocks are extracted from the mountains. Recently, they have been building “celebrity gardens” and building extremely destructive pumped-storage power stations. As long as it is profitable, I can do any project. Such development of "economically famous mountains" is the greatest damage to the most precious natural and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and all mankind. Last year,

After an American cultural relics expert visited the mountain, he told a reporter from the Los Angeles Times: "This mountain surprised me. There are actually cable cars, garbage

and mercenary shops. Commercial activities... "

Another mountain is no exception. It not only built three ropeways, causing terrain, ecological damage and visual pollution, but also carried out civil engineering work in the core area.

, continue to carry out misaligned and overloaded development. Build star-rated luxury hotels, restaurants, shops, etc. on the top of the mountain that are large in size, consume a lot of energy, have many service personnel, and cause high pollution. Build reservoirs and reservoirs in the valleys on the mountainside with very steep slopes, connect 20 large and small reservoirs in the mountains with a network of water supply and drainage pipes up to 40km

, and cut cliffs, walls and barriers. The impoundment of water by the dam destroyed the mountain's water system, ecology, and granite bodies, causing the most serious damage in history. This mountain is a famous mountain with extremely high natural aesthetics, natural science and historical and cultural values ​​(intangible culture), especially the natural aesthetic value, which is unparalleled in the world.

Like this

A flawless and beautiful mountain was destroyed today for the benefit of a few people (shareholders), leaving scars on it and seriously damaging the national civilization

The image

has damaged the interests of the vast majority of the people as a representative of human heritage.

The Yellowstone National Park in the United States was included in the World Heritage in Danger List in 1995 for the following reasons:

(1) Mining is planned 4km outside the northeastern boundary of the park, which will threaten the impact Park;

(2) Illegal introduction of non-native species - lake char to compete with native cutthroat salmon;

(3) Road construction and tourist pressure;

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(4) Prucellosis in bison may harm livestock in surrounding areas.

In response, the Clinton administration spent $65 million in 1996 to acquire private land planned for mining, which solved the threat outside the area. Other issues have not been completely resolved.

According to 1993 data comparing the tourism utilization intensity of Huangshan and Huangshi, Huangshan is 16.2 times larger than Yellowstone, and it is even bigger now. Other problems

are much more serious than Yellowstone National Park! According to the "in danger" standard of Huangshi and above, it is still necessary to think about whether Huangshan, Taishan and other world natural and cultural heritage sites should be included in the "World Heritage in Danger List" ? What's more, in order to make profits, some scenic spots also engage in "ghost culture", "open coffins and erection of corpses",

gamblings

and various man-made landscapes, etc. wait. All these are carried out under the slogan of developing tourism, and some are carried out unimpeded under the laurels of "Civilized Mountain", "Sanitary Mountain", "Top Ten Units" and so on. You know, destroying world heritage is the most uncivilized behavior in modern society! The main reasons for the above

problems

are:

(1) Inadequate management and lack of authority

World Heritage in various countries around the world and national parks are directly managed by the central government, but we have violated the commitments of the convention and left them to local governments and even tourism companies. This is an irresponsible phenomenon that is extremely rare in the world. In contrast, South Korea has only 20 national parks, which are directly under the jurisdiction of the Central National Park Management Corporation. There are 67 civil servants in the central agency alone; the National Park Service in the United States has a larger staff. Of the 151 national scenic spots in our country, only three people from the Scenic Office under the Ministry of Construction

Urban Construction Department are in charge, and they are only in charge of "business", so what power do they have!

(2) Legislation lags

Legislation to protect natural and cultural heritage lags behind the development of resources, so the policies of development zones are used to cover the development of scenic spots and heritage sites

, it will inevitably lead to destructive development that does not lead to misalignment.

(3) The protection and utilization of heritage places high demands on science and technology. Countries around the world base their decision-making on science and technology, but our country all bases their decisions on what the chief executive (decision-maker) says

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Forget it. From the early 1980s to the present, many experts, professors, and academicians have continued to write letters to the National People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and even the State Council on issues such as the management system, protection and utilization of scenic spots and heritage sites, and the prevention of destructive development

Suggestions were made, but they were pushed to various departments and ignored.

(4) The protection and utilization of heritage sites and scenic spots cannot reflect the public welfare. It is a public welfare undertaking, a government action, and should have government financial support.

For example, in 2000, the funding for 20 national parks in South Korea was equivalent to 600 million yuan, half of which was state expenditure, and the rest was ticket revenue and group donations

Funding for national parks in the United States It is US$4.3 billion, of which the state contributes US$2 billion and social groups contribute US$2.3 billion. For my country's 151 national scenic spots,

the state only provides 10 million yuan. Some local governments also ask for tens of millions of yuan from their scenic spots every year, thus forcing the scenic spots to increase ticket prices

And expand the scale of commercial development. In addition, various destructive tourist facilities in the scenic area, under the slogan of one-stop service, do everything possible to guide tourists to "consumption

", and finally they are implemented on tourists. How to reflect social welfare? (5) The problem remains at the negotiation stage. Regarding world heritage and national scenic spots,

some decision-makers lack understanding and use economic development zone guidelines and policies to cover them. Some are bent on making money by engaging in destructive development for local interests.

For the former, it is enough to strengthen publicity and education, while for the latter, non-laws and bans are not enough to stop it. Faced with such a serious threat to the scenic heritage sites, it is suggested that the State Council and the National People's Congress should act decisively and take emergency measures to save the heritage sites and scenic spots. They cannot always leave it to the departments for "negotiation" and just push it for a day. Destroy a piece.

Based on the actual situation in our country, the author recommends taking the following effective measures to solve the problem:

(1) The top leadership must make the determination to establish a National Heritage Administration to directly manage national natural resources. Heritage, cultural heritage and natural and cultural heritage,

their personnel are combined from the Ministry of Construction, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Forestry Bureau, etc., and are determined by the director appointed by the State Council. Because these three types of heritage are all protective resources with high technological content, they are all independent in management. It is also internationally integrated with the UNESCO World Heritage Center

and its related discipline systems. This strengthens power and authority and overcomes the situation of multiple political branches and fragmentation. If various departments do not collaborate, then

it is recommended that each ministry or bureau first establish the Heritage Management Office as the Heritage Management Department to directly manage the belonging heritage. In particular, the Ministry of Construction should establish a National Park Management Department to be in line with international national parks. This is also a requirement after joining the WTO. When the national key scenic spots were first established, it was clear that they were China's national parks. Now they should be renamed national parks on the basis of remediation and participate in international organizations of national parks, instead of being regarded as scenic spots. Low requirements, large

engage in destructive development.

(2) Establish a national heritage protection law, or establish a natural, cultural, natural and cultural heritage (national park) law respectively.

(3) Pay close attention to the remediation of heritage scenic spots, take protection as the premise, and remediate misplaced development according to the principle of functional zoning. In order to protect the authenticity and integrity of the heritage and highlight ecological protection, we must strictly control overload development, achieve zoning and positioning construction, limited tourism, and sustainable use.

(4) It should be explicitly prohibited to attract investment for tourism economic development in scenic spots. In line with international standards and in accordance with national park standards, most scenic spots in my country are already in a state of overload development and can only be reduced but not increased! The scenic spot is a national heritage, not a business, not a commodity. It should be prohibited from being listed on the market, and not

transferred or transferred in disguised form.

(5) Establish a heritage expert committee composed of relevant disciplines to participate in scientific and technological decision-making, consultation and supervision.

(6) The state should withdraw part of the funds from tourism revenue to support the protection and management of scenic spots and encourage social donations.

(7) Spread heritage knowledge and train relevant cadres.

Practical experience and scientific research at home and abroad show that without the direct jurisdiction of the central government, it is difficult to effectively protect World Heritage and national parks

so that they can be passed down from generation to generation and used sustainably. . Especially in our country, which is in a period of transition, the system is indifferent, the legal system is incomplete, and the economic development and development are very fast. For

non-renewable protective resources, once destroyed, it is difficult to recover. World heritage and national scenic spots are the epitome of the motherland's magnificent rivers and mountains, the essence of the country's land

landscape, and witnesses of the motherland's civilization and history. Protecting heritage, inheriting civilization, and using it sustainably are signs and symbols of modern civilization. We cannot remain indifferent

! (