The main characteristics of the climate, properties and economy of the nine provinces through which the Yellow River flows
It originates from Kariqu at the northern foot of the Bayan Har Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and flows in the shape of a "ji" through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Nine provinces in Shandong finally flow into the Bohai Sea.
Qinghai has a plateau continental climate, which is characterized by low temperature, large temperature difference between day and night, less and concentrated rainfall, long sunshine, and strong solar radiation. Qinghai's agricultural crops are characterized by drought. The main food crops include spring wheat, highland barley, broad beans, peas, potatoes, etc. The main economic crops are rapeseed.
The alpine plateau alpine climate zone in northwest Sichuan. The area has a large altitude difference and obvious three-dimensional climate changes. From the river valley to the ridge, there are subtropical zone, warm temperate zone, mid-temperate zone, cold temperate zone, subarctic zone, frigid zone and permafrost zone. Generally speaking, it has a cold temperate climate, with dry and warm valleys, cold and wet mountains, cold winters and cool summers, and insufficient water and heat. The average annual temperature is 4 to 12°C, and the annual precipitation is 500 to 900 mm. The weather is sunny and the sunshine is sufficient, with 1,600 to 2,600 hours of sunshine per year. Economic crops include rape, peanuts, vegetables, fruits, tea, medicinal materials, flowers, sericulture, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco leaves, hemp, etc. The resources are rich and diverse.
Gansu is located deep in the northwest inland, where warm and humid ocean airflow is difficult to reach and there are few opportunities for rain. Most areas have a dry climate and a strong continental temperate monsoon climate. The winter is cold and long, the boundary between spring and summer is not clear, the summer is short, the temperature is high, and the temperature drops quickly in autumn. The average annual temperature in the province is between 0 and 16°C. Different altitudes in different places lead to large temperature differences, sufficient sunshine and large daily temperature differences. In 2012, Gansu's total grain output was 11.097 million tons, an increase of 9.4% over the previous year. Among them, the summer grain output was 3.238 million tons, an increase of 1.3%; the autumn grain output was 7.859 million tons, an increase of 13.1%.
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located deep in the northwest inland plateau and has a typical continental semi-humid and semi-arid climate. The rainy season is mostly concentrated from June to September, with long cold winters, short summer heat, and scarce rain and snow. The climate is dry, windy and sandy, cold in the south and warm in the north. Ningxia's total agricultural output value in 2013 was 43.00 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7% over the previous year. Among them, the output value of the planting industry was 26.900 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3%; the output value of the forestry industry was 984 million yuan, an increase of 0.7%; the output value of the animal husbandry industry was 12.001 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; the output value of the fishery industry was 1.322 billion yuan, an increase of 17.5%; the output value of the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service industry 1.793 billion yuan, an increase of 9.6%.
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory, is located at a high latitude, has a large plateau area, is far from the ocean, is blocked by mountains on its edges, and has a mainly temperate continental monsoon climate. It is characterized by low and uneven precipitation, strong winds, and dramatic changes in cold and heat. In 2014, the total crop sown area in Inner Mongolia was 7.356 million hectares. Among them, the sown area of grain crops is 5.651 million hectares. The total grain output reached 27.53 million tons; oilseed output was 1.703 million tons, sugar beet output was 1.602 million tons, vegetable output was 14.727 million tons, and fruit (including fruit melons) output was 3.223 million tons. The number of livestock in the region reached 129.158 million, and the total number of livestock increased by 73.499 million. The total annual meat output was 2.523 million tons. Among them, pork output reached 733,000 tons; beef output reached 545,000 tons; and mutton output reached 933,000 tons. Milk production was 7.88 million tons; poultry egg production was 535,000 tons.
Shanxi is located inland at mid-latitudes on the east coast of the mainland. Although it is only 300 to 500 kilometers away from the coast to the east, due to the mountains in the eastern part of the province blocking the climate, the climate is weakly affected by the ocean. In terms of climate type, it belongs to Temperate continental monsoon climate. The northern part is relatively cold due to the cold air mass in Inner Mongolia in winter; the southern part is moistened by the warm and humid summer air mass from the Huanghuaihai Plain in Henan and the northern Henan Plain, and is relatively mild; the climate difference between the north and the south is obvious. The climate characteristics are: winter is long, cold and dry; summer is long in the south and short in the north, with concentrated rain; spring has a changeable climate with more wind and sand; autumn is short and mild. The whole territory has sufficient sunshine and rich heat resources; there are many disastrous weathers, "nine droughts in ten years"; and the temperature difference between day and night is large.
The climate in Shanxi varies greatly, gradually transitioning from north to south into temperate zone, warm temperate zone and northern subtropical zone. The average annual precipitation is 576.9 mm, the average annual temperature is 13.0°C, and the frost-free period is about 218 days. The complex and diverse climate characteristics and topography have given birth to thousands of species and worldly treasures. It can be called a natural museum and is known as "Little China".
Henan has a warm temperate-subtropical, humid-semi-humid monsoon climate. The general characteristics are cold winter with less rain and snow, spring with drought and wind and sand, hot summer with abundant rain, and autumn with sunny weather and sufficient sunshine. The annual average temperature in the province is generally between 12℃-16℃, -3℃-3℃ in January and 24℃-29℃ in July. It is generally higher in the east and lower in the west, higher in the south and lower in the north. The difference between the mountains and the plains is obvious. . The annual and daily temperature ranges are both large, with the extreme minimum temperature -21.7℃ (January 12, 1951, Anyang) and the extreme maximum temperature 44.2℃ (June 20, 1966, Luoyang). The annual frost-free period ranges from 180 to 240 days from north to south. The average annual precipitation is about 500-900 mm. There are more mountainous areas in the south and west, and it can reach more than 1100 mm in the Dabie Mountains. 50% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in summer, and there are often heavy rains.
The climate in Shandong belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate type. Precipitation is concentrated, rain and heat occur in the same season, spring and autumn are short, and winter and summer are long. The annual average temperature is 11℃-14℃, and the regional temperature difference in Shandong Province is greater from east to west than from north to south. Shandong Province has relatively high grain output, and grain crops are grown in summer and autumn. Summer grains are mainly winter wheat, and autumn grains are mainly corn, sweet potatoes, soybeans, rice, millet, sorghum and small grains. Among them, wheat, corn, and sweet potatoes are the three main food crops in Shandong.
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