What is the difference between the three rhymes of modern poetry and ancient poetry? This article explains the secret of poetry rhyme.

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All students of poetry think metrical poetry is too difficult. Personally, I think it is easier to write classical poetry than to write metrical poetry (modern poetry).

It's really much simpler, but some people don't write old-fashioned poems because they don't know the rhyme rules.

The rhyme of poetry is the most basic knowledge. Relatively speaking, the rhyme of modern poetry is the most difficult but easy to understand. The rhyme of ancient poetry and the rhyme of words are becoming more and more complicated.

Below, the old street uses as few words as possible to explain the rhymes of modern poetry, ancient poetry and words.

First of all, there are several terms to explain in advance:

1, the last word of each sentence, the rhyming word is called rhyme foot, and the non-rhyming word is called white foot.

2. Old-style poems are divided into modern poems and ancient poems, and modern poems are metrical poems (including five-seven-word quatrains, five-seven-word metrical poems, five-seven-word metrical poems and a few six-word metrical poems); Classical poetry is non-metrical, including seven-character poems (such as Silent Night Thinking) and miscellaneous poems (such as Difficult Road to Shu).

3. Poetic rhyme refers to Ping Yun Shui in Song Dynasty, which was told by Yun Qi, Tang Yun and Song Guangyun in Sui Dynasty. Rhyme refers to Linz Zheng Yun in Qing Dynasty.

First, the rhyme of modern poetry

The rhyme of modern poetry is the best to understand, and two points can be understood. The first is the rhyme position, and the second is the rhyme book used.

1, rhyming position

Modern poetry has four five-character or seven-character quatrains, eight five-character or seven-character rhymes, and more than eight sentences are called rhythm. The rhyme of metrical poems must meet the following three requirements:

1) Even sentences must be leveled;

2) Singular sentences, except the first sentence, can be put or closed, and must be closed without rhyme.

3) If the first sentence rhymes, you can use adjacent rhymes.

For example, in Xiang Gu Ling Se by Qian Qi in the Tang Dynasty, odd-numbered sentences all rhyme (white feet), and even sentences rhyme (rhyme feet).

It is often heard that the immortals in Xiangshui are good at playing the piano and singing.

Beautiful music makes Feng, the river god, dance and dance, which is unbearable for travelers who travel far away.

Deep and sad melody, even hard stones are moved by sadness; The sonorous, high-pitched musical tone is so penetrating that it has been flying to lofty places.

Cangwu complains, and Angelica dahurica is fragrant.

Music flows along the water to Xiangjiang River, and then into the lake, flying over the vast Dongting Lake.

The music is quiet, but there is no drums of the water god. The river disappears, revealing several peaks, which are green and charming.

You see that the rhyme feet are all flat: spirit, hearing, mystery, fragrance, court and youth; Snoring with white feet: singing, dancing, stone, longing, pu, see you. Exquisite poets also pay great attention to white feet and try to use three kinds of grunts. At this point, you can observe the Tang poetry more.

I just said: 3) If the first sentence rhymes, you can use an adjacent rhyme, such as (Tang's) Living in an Old House and Talking to a Fool;

I have lived here for ten winters: two winters.

Today, chic belongs to my father-in-law: Yidong.

The old plants littered with bombs are green, and the new plants of Hanluan are white and red: one east.

There is light and shadow in the north and sound near the wall in the west: East.

I don't know if there is a banquet under the door, why is it like the empty stone at that time: Yidong.

The first sentence also rhymes, but it can be relaxed to the adjacent rhyme of poetry: in winter, everything else is oriental rhyme. What I want to explain here is that the "Pingshui Rhyme" in the Song Dynasty is a combination of adjacent rhymes in the Tang Dynasty, so the Tang poetry basically conforms to Pingshui Rhyme.

2. Ancient rhyme and new rhyme

The new rhyme is almost Mandarin, and it is also the latest edition of China Yun Tong promoted by China Poetry Society in primary and secondary schools in recent two years. Almost rhymes in Mandarin, so don't look it up.

Ancient rhyme, from Sui Dynasty to Song Dynasty, has been spread to Pingshui rhyme, and then to the Republic of China, poets write poems based on Pingshui rhyme.

Pingshui rhyme has 106 voice, Pingsheng rhyme has 30 voices, and Zuosheng rhyme has three voices: Shangsheng 29 voice (three tones), Shengdi 30 voice (four tones) and Rusheng 17 voice (disappeared in Putonghua and remained in dialect). Many rhyming words in Putonghua can't use ancient rhymes.

For example, winter and east have different rhymes, Jiang and Yang have different rhymes, and cold, yuan, delete, salty, salty and Qin have different rhymes. These words belong to different rhymes.

When writing metrical poems, the first sentence can only use adjacent rhymes (for example, Miracle's "Rest in an Old House, Talk to a Fool" uses winter and eastern rhymes), and even rhymes are not allowed to be mixed.

If you use ancient rhyme as a modern poem, you need to check whether it falls off according to the rhyme foot. This is not only a problem for modern people, but also a common occurrence for ancient people to mispronounce poems. Because the pronunciation in life is changing at any time, the flat-voiced characters in the Tang Dynasty may become light-voiced characters in the Song Dynasty, but the rhyming books used by poets have not changed much.

However, this rhyme rule of modern poetry is very simple and direct. On the contrary, there are too many rhyming forms in ancient poetry.

Second, the rhyme of classical poetry

Classical poetry can rhyme, rhyme, rhyme, and there are different ways to change rhyme.

Ancient poetry can be linked by adjacent rhymes, such as winter and east mentioned above; Jiang and Yang; Cold, deleted and first-class adjacent rhymes can be used as a group of rhymes.

There are four main rhymes in ancient poetry:

1, a poem with ancient style and rhyme

When I asked your students under a pine tree, "my teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs." However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .

The second sentence and the fourth sentence must rhyme, the third sentence does not rhyme, and the white feet are flat. The first sentence can rhyme or not, and if it doesn't rhyme, it's usually flat (not much).

2. Ancient rhyming poems.

The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.

The second sentence and the fourth sentence must rhyme, and the third sentence doesn't rhyme. The first sentence can rhyme or not, and if it doesn't rhyme, it usually ends with a groan.

Note: It can be seen that the levels of rhyme and white feet are basically opposite. This kind of attention began to prevail when Shen Yue, a poet of Yongming style in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and others studied four tones and eight diseases. Interested friends can look at the top and bottom of the four tones and eight diseases: "

Four tones and eight diseases that poetry creation must know 10 minutes to understand the flat head and tail. "

3, rhyming ancient poetry

Long poems have rhymes, including two sentences, three sentences, four sentences and so on.

Every rhyme change is similar to the rhyme in a unit. If it is not a sentence rhyme, the rhyme in a unit also follows the rules mentioned in 1 and 2 above.

Let's look at Bai Xuege's Farewell to the Field-Clerk Wu's Home, separated by ...;

The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow. .....

Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom. ......

Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin. The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear. .....

The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy. ......

In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment. ......

In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag. ........

Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow. I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.

A group of two sentences, each rhyming: folding, snow; Come, open; Ice and condensation; Guest and flute; Door, turn. In a set of four sentences, 2 and 4 must rhyme, 1 can rhyme or not (mostly rhymes), 3 doesn't rhyme, and white foot is the antonym of rhyming foot in most flat lines. The group at the beginning of the fifth sentence is the entering rhyme: screen, thin, writing; The fourth sentence is rhyming: go, go, go.

4. Ancient poems with rhyming sentences

For example, The Journey to the West of (Tang Dynasty) rhymes with the first two sentences and the last three sentences, each of which rhymes:

Look, how fast the Benma River runs to Xue Hai! And sand, from the desert, yellow flies to heaven. ...

On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind. ...

Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! . ...

Wear your armor all night and let your soldiers March with rumbling weapons! And the sharp tip of the wind cuts his face like a knife. ....

The sweat of snow evaporates on horseback, freezing the pattern of five-flowered coins, your challenge from the camp, and the ink bottle from the ice. ....

It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! .

Rhyme poems, some rhyme like Cen Can, some don't rhyme, such as Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing:

The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is exposed like frost, and the geese go south.

I miss you and your guests, and my heart breaks. I miss my hometown, so why should I leave it for a long time to send it to each other?

I am alone in my room, afraid of forgetting my worries, and I don't feel tears on my clothes.

Short songs cannot be long.

The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west.

Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance. Why should I restrict the river beam?

All rhyming poems are rhyming, and there are no white feet.

Note: The rhyme of this poem is different in the four tones. Generally speaking, rising tone and falling tone are rarely associated, such as horses and swearing. Interested friends can observe the white feet of classical poetry, and it is difficult to find examples of intonation and intonation (in the same group of rhyming poems, not in the whole poem).

Third, the rhyme of words.

The rhyme of words is similar to that of ancient poetry: people in Tang and Song Dynasties often use the adjacent rhyme of poetic rhyme to write words. Later, Linz Zheng Yun, compiled by Qing people, was almost a combination of neighboring rhymes.

Lyrics must be written according to the rules, so they are not as free as classical poetry. Whether or not to rhyme, how to rhyme, there are fixed patterns in vocabulary, and even the position is clearly defined.

Words can also be divided into rhymes, rhymes and rhymes, among which rhymes can be used exclusively for entering rhymes. There is Ye Yun in the rhyme change.

1, advection cloud

For example, "Picking Mulberry Seeds" has two tones and 44 words, the first four sentences and the last four sentences, and the third rhyme.

The salamander took the big pear and embroidered a pair of pendants. When pepper farmers are idle, they compete to learn and bet on litchi.

⊙○◎●○○● ◎●○△ ⊙●○△ ◎●○○◎●△

Tufted shoes are red and thin, and the skirt is covered with gold thread. There's nothing to frown about. Chunsi turned over and taught grandma to doubt.

⊙○⊙●○○● ⊙●○△ ⊙●○△ ⊙●○○◎●△

△, which means that the rhyme must be flat.

○, flat voice; A deep purr. ⊙, it should be flat, ok; It should be flat.

2. Vocal rhyme

For example, "Original Check":

In late autumn, the leakage time is longer, and all the silver candles are dripped out. Walking out of the secluded boudoir alone, the moon shakes green.

○○○●○ ●●○○▲ ●●●○○ ●●○○▲

When the wind meets the lotus, a pair of mandarin ducks stay together. Xu Hosta was shocked, and the shock continued.

●○○●▲ ●●○○▲ ○●●○○ ○●○○▲

▲, which means rhyme.

Step 3 change the rhyme

For example, Bodhisattva:

The flat forest is misty, and the cold mountain area is compassionate. ⊙○◎●○○▲ ⊙○◎●○○▲

When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried. ◎●●○△ ◎○⊙●△

The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. ◆▲ (rhyme change) ▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲

Where to return, the pavilion is shorter ⊙○○ (rhyme change) ⊙○○○○△

The first two sentences are rhyme (entering rhyme): weaving, finishing; Three or four sentences change rhyme: building, sorrow; Change the rhyme of five or six sentences (also entering the tone): stand up urgently; Seven or eight sentences were changed to Pingshuiyun: Cheng and Ting.

When changing rhyme, you can use entering tone or rising tone. For example, the article "Bodhisattva Man, overlapping hills, gold but blindness"

The mountains overlap, and the clouds want to smell the snow on their cheeks. Too lazy to draw a moth eyebrow, too late to make up and wash.

Look in the mirror before and after the flowers, and look at the flowers. The new post is embroidered with lolo, all of which are golden partridges.

The first group of rhymes uses entering tone: extinction and snow; In the second group, rhyme is used to remove sound: mirror image and reflection.

4. Ye Yun

Ye Yun also changed the rhyme, but it must be changed in this rhyme department:

For example, Xijiangyue:

The embroidered curtain of the phoenix forehead is high in volume, and the animal cymbals are frequently shaken.

◎●◎○⊙● ◎○⊙●○△

Red sun at the poles, sleepless flowers in spring.

◎◎◎◎◎◎◎◎Ye Yun.

Good dreams fly with the clouds, and leisure worries are better than fragrant mash.

◎●◎○⊙● ⊙○⊙●○△

It's too late for rain and clouds, too late.

Ye Yun.

Pingsheng: shake yáo and tip shā o; In the formal rhyme of Ji ao and Li M: O., it is the rhyme part (and the rhyme part of rhyme). Judging from today's pinyin, all vowels are ao.

5. rhymes

When writing poetry, it is rare to rhyme with the same word. The most famous is Du Fu's Song of Drinking Eight Immortals, in which two "boats" are put. But in some epigrams, this rhyme is called overlapping, which is the requirement of the word spectrum.

For example, Meiyuan (also known as dreaming):

Suspected Crystal Palace, the fairy banquet of Miss Yun. ○●●○○▲ ○●○○●▲

Enjoying the evening, the wind brought a strong pipe. ○●●○○ ○●●○○▲

Light smoke, light frost ○▲▲▲

The moon is to the west of the painting building. ●●●○○▲

The fifth sentence and the sixth sentence rhyme repeatedly: light.

Concluding remarks

In terms of rhyme rules, the rhyme of modern poetry is the best to understand, but it is the most difficult to rhyme when creating.

There are many ways to rhyme words, but the rhyming rhyme can be read continuously. In classical poetry, it is usually read continuously. In this respect, rhyming seems a little simple.

However, classical poetry is starry and free. In addition to quatrains, ancient poetry can change its rhyme at any time, and is not bound by word spectrum or meter, so the rhyme of ancient poetry is the simplest.

To explain this poem, the above refers to the creation of ancient rhyme (Ping Shui Yun, Linz Zheng Yun).

Laojie taste

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