Why did Xiang Yu burn Epang Palace?

Question 1: Why did Xiang Yu burn Epang Palace? Shushan stands upright, Afang comes out ... The Chu people are angry, poor and burnt. "This sentence is familiar to many people in China. The saying that Xiang Yu set fire to Epang Palace has been circulating for about two thousand years, which has almost become historical common sense. "Historical Records seems to make it very clear:" Xiang Yu led troops to slaughter Xianyang and killed Wang Ziying; If Qin Gong is burned, the fire will not go out in March. "However, this is just people's wishful thinking, which is far from the truth of history ... Qin Epang Palace is the decree center planned by the Qin Dynasty. Located in the west of Xi City, Shaanxi Province 13km, across the Weihe River from Xianyang, Qin Dou, it was founded in 2 12 BC. After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the national strength became stronger and stronger, and the population of Xianyang, the capital, became more and more. In the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang (2 12 BC), a palace named epang palace was built in Shanglinyuan, south of Weihe River. Because of the huge project, the first emperor only built an anteroom when he was in office. According to "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor", "In the main hall, Afangshan is 500 paces from east to west and 50 feet from north to south. It can seat 10,000 people on the top and build a five-foot flag on the bottom. Zhouchi is a pavilion road, which runs directly from your highness to Nanshan, indicating that the top of Nanshan is a lost road, and crossing the Weihe River from Afang belongs to Xianyang. " Its scale is huge, and it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi continued to build Hu Hai. Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in A Gong Fang Fu: "Covering more than 300 miles, I was alone in the sky. Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Each holds the terrain and intrigues. " "Shu Mountain stands upright, Afangshan comes out, covering an area of more than 300 miles, isolated from the sun, the moon and the sky", which shows that Epang Palace is indeed a very magnificent building complex. In the Qin Dynasty, one step was six feet, three hundred steps were one mile, and the Qin foot was about 0.23 meters. In this way, the front hall of Epang Palace is 690 meters wide from east to west and 1 15 meters deep from north to south, covering an area of 80,000 square meters, which is more than enough to accommodate 1 10,000 people. According to legend, Epang Palace has more than 700 large and small halls. During the day, the climate in each hall is different. There are mountains of treasures in the palace and thousands of beautiful women. Qin Shihuang traveled all the palaces in his life, staying at one place a day, and never lived in all the palaces until his death. According to Jia Shanchuan in the Han Dynasty, the overall scale of Epang Palace is "five miles from east to west, and a thousand steps from north to south". Today, in the south of Sanqiao Town, the western suburb of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, from Jujiazhuang in the east to Gucheng Village in the west, the site of Epang Palace with an area of about 600,000 square meters is still preserved. It can be seen that Epang Palace, with its numerous palaces, wide construction area and large scale, is an unparalleled palace building in the history of world architecture. Only a few places in the world have prospered for more than 3000 years, and Xi 'an is one of them. People who grew up here may not know that the land under their feet was once the most magnificent palace in the history of China. Just entering the 2 1 century, the Epang Palace Archaeological Team, which was established by the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology of Xi City, lasted for more than two years and conducted a "carpet-style" comprehensive archaeological exploration of the site of the Epang Palace in the Qin Dynasty. As a result, only the base address of the front hall of Epang Palace was found. Since June 5438 +2002 10, the archaeological team has excavated an area of 3,000 square meters and explored an area of 35,000 square meters. In the process of exploration, archaeologists have not let go of the ruins that have been covered by villages at present. In addition to the cement floor and brick floor, intensive exploration has been carried out in the open spaces of flower ponds, sheepfolds, toilets and houses, and only the remains of the city walls of the Qin Dynasty have been found. Its collapsed deposits contain a large number of tiles from Qin and Han dynasties, but there are no architectural relics of palaces in Qin dynasty, such as temple ruins, exposed columns, cloisters and drainage facilities. Tiles, an indispensable building material in Qin dynasty, have not been found either. Therefore, archaeologists believe that the Epang Palace project only completed the construction of the Qian Dian building base and part of the palace wall, but the part above the palace building base was not completed in time. For this Epang Palace, which has been dusty by loess for more than 2,000 years, the intention of the archaeological team is very clear, that is, to find the remains of the palace destroyed by the fire. The result of the excavation was completely unexpected ... because Epang Palace was not burned! Could it be that more than 2,000 years have passed, and countless wind, frost, rain and snow have invaded, erasing the traces left by the fire? In order to know exactly what the burned site looks like, the archaeological team of Epang Palace came to the site of Changle Palace in Han Dynasty, which was once one of the most beautiful palaces in Chang 'an, the capital of Han Dynasty, and the residence of Emperor Wu's mother. According to legend, more than 2,000 years ago, Gillian, who was good at dancing, met the young emperor of the Han Dynasty, and an affair like "Golden House hides Jiao" took place, which spread for thousands of years. However, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Changle Palace, like other palaces in the Han Dynasty, could not escape >>

Question 2: Why did Xiang Yu burn Epang Palace? In his view, Epang Palace is a symbol of peasants' sufferings and a luxury of the Qin Dynasty. Only by burning Epang Palace can Xiang Yu's opposition to the brutal rule of the Qin Dynasty be reflected? Determination, in exchange for the support of the broad masses of the people, but perhaps Xiang Yu won't think so long, and there is one of the simplest reasons, that is, Xiang Yu hates the rulers of the Qin Dynasty, so he wants to burn everything related to the Qin Dynasty.

Question 3: Did Xiang Yu burn Epang Palace? 1. Archaeological findings show that Xiang Yu did not burn Epang Palace.

Epang Palace was built in the thirty-fifth year of the First Emperor (2 12 BC) and is located in Shanglinyuan, south of Weihe River. It is located in the west of Xi, Shaanxi 13 km, facing Xianyang and Qin Dou across the Weihe River. Epang Palace is a huge project. When Qin Shihuang was in power, only one front hall was built. According to historical records? According to the chronicle of Qin Shihuang, the size of this vestibule alone is staggering. "There are 500 steps in the front hall and 50 feet in the north and south. You can sit above 10,000 people and build under the five-foot flag. " After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi continued to build Hu Hai. Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in A Fu: "Shu and A Fang went out for more than 300 miles, isolated from the sun." It serves to show the grandeur of Epang Palace.

According to today's measurement, Epang Palace covers an area of 80,000 square meters, which is more than enough to accommodate 1 10,000 people. According to legend, Epang Palace has more than 700 large and small halls. During the day, the climate in each hall is different. There are mountains of treasures in the palace and thousands of beautiful women. Today, in the south of Sanqiao Town in the western suburb of Xi, Shaanxi Province, there is still a site of Epang Palace with an area of about 600,000 square meters. It can be seen that Epang Palace is an unparalleled palace building in the history of world architecture, with a large number of palaces, a wide construction area and a grand scale.

In 2002, archaeologists in China set up the Epang Palace Archaeological Task Force, trying to find the palace destroyed by fire from this loess relic that has been dusty for more than two thousand years. However, the result of the excavation was unexpected ―― Epang Palace was not burned!

"Epang Palace has never been burned at all", which has caused a debate in the domestic archaeological community. Someone pointed out: did the archaeological team make a mistake in the location? The archaeological team thinks there is nothing wrong. According to historical records, in order to build Epang Palace, Qin Shihuang invited many magicians to look for a treasure trove of geomantic omen near Xianyang. Finally, he thought that the place between the two capitals of Zhou Dynasty was the most suitable. The location excavated by the archaeological team is within this range, and this location is also generally recognized by predecessors.

Second, the "Historical Records" recorded errors?

If we admit that Epang Palace was not burned, is there anything wrong with Historical Records, which has been regarded as the best historical classic for thousands of years? This possibility is there. People have encountered similar situations when deciphering the history of Yin and Shang Dynasties. According to Records of the Historian, the Shang Dynasty was ruled for nearly a thousand years and was the longest-lived dynasty in history. However, according to people's archaeological findings, the era of the demise of the Shang Dynasty was much earlier than that described by Sima Qian, which is a fallacy of more than 500 years.

This time, on the question of Epang Palace, will there be mistakes in Historical Records?

After careful analysis of historical materials, it is found that the Records of the Historian did not record that Xiang Yu set fire to Epang Palace, but said that Xiang Yu set fire to the palace buildings in Xianyang, Qin Dou. Historical records? Xiang Yu preached: "(Xiang Yu) then slaughtered Xianyang and burned its palace ..." and "set fire to Qin Gong, and the fire will not go out in March". This record has been confirmed in archaeological excavations. That is to say, the "palace" mentioned in historical records refers to the burnt-out palaces such as Xianyang Palace in Qin Dou in the Qin Dynasty, rather than Epang Palace in Shanglinyuan, south of Weihe River. It is a misunderstanding of later generations, called Epang Palace.

Question 4: Why did Xiang Yu burn Epang Palace? In his view, Epang Palace is a symbol of peasants' sufferings and a luxury of the Qin Dynasty. Only by burning Epang Palace can Xiang Yu's opposition to the brutal rule of the Qin Dynasty be reflected? Determination, in exchange for the support of the broad masses of the people, but perhaps Xiang Yu won't think so long, and there is one of the simplest reasons, that is, Xiang Yu hates the rulers of the Qin Dynasty, so he wants to burn everything related to Qin.

Question 5: It is not accurate to say that the Epang Palace was burned by Xiang Yu.

Epang Palace in Qin Dynasty is the government decree center planned by Qin Dynasty, and the palace complex is large in scale. It is located at 13km west of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, facing Xianyang and Qin Dou across the Weihe River. In the Western Han Dynasty, the Epang Palace site was incorporated into Shanglinyuan for the construction of the palace. Because of its thick walls in the east, north and west, it was called "Acheng" in history. Epang Palace, because of its high terrain, was mostly a garrison place in previous dynasties, and gradually became farmland after the Song Dynasty. 196 1 year, Afanggong site was announced by China as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Sun Fuxi, deputy director of the xi Cultural Relics and Gardens Bureau and deputy head of the Qin Epang Palace Archaeological Team, said: In one year, archaeologists explored an area of more than 200,000 square meters, with an excavation area of 1000 square meters, but only a few pieces of braised soil were found. If a large area of fire burned for three months (this is recorded in historical records), braised soil should be everywhere. Besides braised clay, there should be many plant ash.

"Xiang Yu's fire is the Xianyang Palace of Qin Dynasty. Later archaeological excavations confirmed this. A large area of braised clay remains was found in Xianyang Palace site in Qin Dynasty. Epang Palace was not burned down because there are more than 60 rammed earth foundation sites in Epang Palace 14 square kilometers. Some places have been built, and some places have not yet been built, including whether this front hall has been built. " Sun Fuxi said. It is understood that Epang Palace consists of two major buildings. One is the building complex in front of Epang Palace. "Historical Records" records that "it takes 500 steps from east to west, 50 feet from north to south, 10,000 people can sit on the top and a five-foot flag can be built on the bottom. Zhouchige Road, from Your Highness to Nanshan. The top of Nanshan, I thought it was embarrassing. " The other is the rooftop complex. Because of its serious damage, archaeologists have investigated and excavated it, but there are not many major discoveries.

Question 6: Is Xiang Yu burning Epang Palace right?

First of all, there is no right or wrong in history, especially war. Mozi talked about this truth in "Non-attack".

Therefore, this problem should be treated with dialectical thinking.

As Du Mu said, the luxury of Afangshan is five steps to the first floor and ten steps to a pavilion. The corridor is waist-tied, the eaves are high, and the terrain is different. The intrigue is also the crystallization of the sweat of the bottom people, so it can be said that Xiang Yu burned a magnificent building that is unparalleled in the world.

However, the Qin Dynasty bullied the people, and Xiang Yu burned Epang Palace to revive the banner of Chu, which was a powerful step in the plan to destroy Qin.

Moreover, Xiang Yu was originally a generous and heroic person. In order to avenge Qin, he did whatever it took, so it's hard to say that he was wrong.

However, everyone has different views on history, depending on which angle you stand on.

This is just my personal opinion.

Question 7: What is Xiang Yu's motive for burning Epang Palace? It used to be thought that Xiang Yu's burning of Epang Palace was a symbol of Qin Shihuang's tyrannical and corrupt rule. In order to build Epang Palace, Qin Shihuang made great efforts in corvee and exploited the people cruelly. Xiang Yu burned Epang Palace not because he looked down on it, but because it was a symbol of class hatred at that time. Burning Epang Palace can not only vent their anger, but also stimulate the morale of the rebels and further accelerate the attack on Qin. However, the latest archaeological discoveries prove that Epang Palace does not really exist. What archaeologists found on the site of the so-called Epang Palace was only an unearthed foundation. In other words, the Epang Palace has not even built the most basic foundation, let alone thousands of buildings. Therefore, it is concluded that Epang Palace does not exist at all, and it is even more impossible for Xiang Yu to burn Epang Palace. Xiang Yu's burning of Epang Palace can be said to be a historical misunderstanding. The origin of this misunderstanding is attributed to Du Fu's "Epang Palace Fu", in which there is a saying: guard the pawn, raise the valley, burn the Chu people, and be poor and scorched! Isn't Chu Xiang Yu? If Du Fu is so famous and his authority is floating, naturally no one will deliberately verify whether his rhetoric and the examples used are true, and misunderstandings will arise. It takes thousands of years to make a mistake. It can be seen that the article cannot be written blindly, otherwise it will lead to bad future generations.

Question 8: Is it a good thing or a bad thing for Xiang Yu to burn Epang Palace? Why? It must be wrong. Not only Epang Palace was burned, but also the culture and art at that time.

Question 9: Why did Xiang Yu burn the palace in Xianyang in Qin Dynasty? This is because the jealousy of Xiang Yu is at work. At that time, he was brilliant and arrogant, and the Qin Dynasty had already declined. He can't see the splendor of the palace of the Qin Dynasty. He thinks that the existence of the old palace is a provocation and accusation against him. Instead of this, it is better to burn it so that there is no such palace in the world. Xiang Yu also has a plan to burn Qin Gong. After the burning of Qin Gong, there is no place in the world like Pengcheng, his capital, and he can return to his hometown in name.