About agricultural proverbs, we should also talk about the phenological knowledge involved.

solar terms, phenology and proverbs divide the earth's orbit (36) into 24 arc segments, and every 15 is a solar term. So there are the following twenty-four solar terms: spring rain surprises spring and clear valley days, summer is full of awns and summer lasts for two days, autumn is cold in spring and first frost is cold, and winter is snowy and snowy. Twenty-four solar terms can be divided into four categories, namely, beginning of spring, Spring Equinox, long summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Autumn Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice. Five solar terms symbolizing temperature change: slight summer heat, great summer heat, summer heat, slight cold and great cold; Seven solar terms reflecting precipitation: rain, Grain Rain, Bailu, Hanlu, first frost, light snow and heavy snow; It reflects the four solar terms of phenology or agricultural activities, such as fright, Qingming, Xiaoman and Mangzhong. The following is a solar term song that spread in the north: the sun is turning in beginning of spring, and the rain is beside the wild goose river; Scared crows cry, and the land is dry at the vernal equinox; Qingming is busy planting wheat, and Grain Rain is planting fields; Long summer goose feathers live, and small birds come to the whole; The awn seeds are shoveled, and the summer solstice does not accept cotton; Small summer heat is not hot, and it is hot in the dog days; Beginning of autumn busy playing indigo, summer knife sickle; The Millennium is cutting land, and there is no field in the autumn equinox; Cold dew is not cold, and first frost has changed; Beginning of winter sealed the land, and Xiaoxue River was sealed; The snowy river is closed, and the winter solstice is not allowed; The slight cold is not too cold, and the severe cold lasts for three or nine days. It can be seen from the quotation that solar terms are closely related to people's production and life. "Flowers and trees control the season, and birds sing to report the farming season." This is what people call phenology. Phenology refers to the activities of flowers, trees, birds and animals in nature according to certain seasons, which are closely related to climate change. It includes three aspects: 1. The phenomena of germination, leaf spreading, flowering, leaf yellowing and leaf falling of various plants; 2. The arrival, initial singing, final singing, departure and hibernation of migratory birds, insects and other animals; 3. Some hydrometeorological phenomena, such as first frost, last frost, icing, melting, first snow and last snow. In ancient China, five days served as a waiting period and three days served as a solar term. From winter to spring, there are twenty-four seasons in the eight solar terms from slight cold to Grain Rain, and each season has a kind of flowers blooming. People call the wind blowing when flowers bloom "Hua Xinfeng", so there is the saying of "twenty-four Hua Xinfeng". In order to describe it accurately, people choose a plant with the most accurate flowering period as the representative among the plants that bloom in each of the 24 seasons, and call it the Hua Xinfeng of this period. Slight cold: plum blossom, camellia and narcissus; Great cold: Daphne odora, orchid and alum; Beginning of spring: Spring Festival, Cherry and Spring; Rain: one waiting for cauliflower, two waiting for apricot blossom and three waiting for plum blossom; Surprise: waiting for peach blossoms, waiting for Di Tang and waiting for roses; Vernal equinox: one-time begonia, two-time pear flower and three-time magnolia; Qingming: one waiting for tung flowers, two waiting for wheat flowers and three waiting for willow flowers; Grain Rain: One-time peony, two-time fermented glutinous rice and three-time donghua. The twenty-four Hua Xinfeng not only reflects the natural phenomenon of blooming and seasonality, but more importantly, it can be used to master the farming season and arrange farming. The following is a proverb about plant phenology summed up by working people in our country in their production and life: peach blossoms bloom, swallows come, and prepare to plant fields in the valley. The willows sprout warmly, and the cold weather won't last long. The lotus is in bloom and the seedlings are being planted. Chrysanthemum yellow, busy growing wheat. The tung tree blooms, and the frost and snow no longer fall. Nine flowers bloom, and farm work comes together. Catkin is bustling, and rice seedlings are planted in every family. Plums are golden, apricots are fat, durians are like fire, peaches and plums are falling, and the crops in the lotus corner are flourishing. It is the most direct language of nature to see the harvest phenology. The appearance of migratory birds and insects clearly tells us the change of seasons: the domestic swallow begins to see when it is startled, and beginning of winter flies south; The cicada starts to sing when it is startled, and the white dew never sings; Crickets sing at the beginning of Qingming Festival and at the end of autumn equinox; Wild geese begin to appear in Qingming, and the autumnal equinox is never seen; Toads appear at Qingming, but cold dew disappears; Frogs sing at the beginning of vernal equinox and at the end of autumnal equinox. There are also many proverbs about animal phenology: dogs and cats change their hair early and it gets cold early in winter. Thrushcross hides more grain, and it snows long. Sparrows hoard food and it will snow. When the dog enters the kitchen, the snow will arrive. Grass in the pig's mouth, the cold wave is coming. Frogs croak just in time to plant early rice. Cuckoo, Cuckoo, plant grain and cut wheat. The oriole sings, and the wheat needs to be cut. . Toad comes out of the hole, and it rains steadily. Earthworms climbed the road, and the rain was like hemp. Smell cicadas in the rain, and announce the arrival of sunny days. Chickens stay late, ducks croak happily, and the storm will come soon. It's going to rain in the ant nest. Swallows fly low and it will rain. Fish diving, rain coming. Turtle back tide, rain omen. The loach is quiet and the weather is sunny. The influence of meteorological activities on us can be described as meticulous, so people have concluded that winter snow is a wheat quilt and Chun Xue is a wheat ghost. Mai Gai was quilt for three times, sleeping with steamed bread under his pillow. The winter solstice is full of frost, and the coming year will be in Man Cang. If there is thick frost in winter, there must be a good sun. If spring frost doesn't stay overnight, it will depend on staying overnight. The fog of the three dynasties sent a westerly wind, and if there was no westerly wind and rain, it would be empty. Spring fog is rainy and summer fog is hot, autumn fog turns cold and winter fog is snowy. The morning mist is closed, and the rising sun is available; The morning mist is not collected, and the drizzle is endless. The fog is only three days, and it will take 38 days. The dew is heavy and the weather is fine. Frost and fog make the well dry. After frost, the south wind continued to rain at night. Phenological phenomena have obvious zonal differences. "The spring breeze is early in the south of the Yangtze River, but the flowers bloom late in the north", which fully expresses the difference of phenology between the south and the north of China. Peaches in Nanjing usually bloom on March 31, and peaches in Beijing will not bloom until April 19, a difference of 19 days. The phenological phenomena in eastern and western China are also different. Spring and autumn in the eastern coastal areas of China are later than those in the mainland. Because the ocean absorbs more heat from the sun, it doesn't heat up as fast as the land in spring, and in autumn, the heat of the sea water radiates slowly, so the autumn in coastal areas comes later than that in the mainland. As far as Shandong is concerned, Yantai is on the coast, while Jinan is inland. Every year, the apple trees in Yantai bloom more than half a month later than Jinan, just in time to avoid the cold spring, which is the reason for the bumper harvest of apples in Yantai. Autumn in Yantai also comes later than that in Jinan, and apples have more mature time, which makes Yantai apples more delicious. Because the altitude rises by an average of 1 meters and the temperature drops by about .6℃, generally speaking, the higher the altitude, the later the phenology. "In April, the beauty of the world is exhausted, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple begin to bloom", which is the description of this phenological difference. Mr. Zhu Kezhen is the founder of modern meteorology, climatology and geography in China, and has made important contributions to the development of geographical science. He is also the founder of "phenology" in China. He has insisted on phenological observation for decades, and his book "Phenology" has an important guiding role in agricultural production practice. Understanding and mastering phenological phenomena is a process of popularizing common sense, and it is also a good opportunity to train students to observe and know nature. Comment | Agree with Report |27-12-1 21:17wsfcjo| Level 3

Don't stretch out your hand in 1929, and you won't go out when you walk on the ice at sunrise in 1949, and whether you can insert it when you travel thousands of miles at sunset. See if you can buy a hundred catties with your feet. Why don't you plant a catty in July and autumn, and apply it inside and out to smoke grass for one season, rice for two seasons, and rice for good crops after the summer solstice? There are thousands of manure fields in the hills and hills, so it is better to plant manure seedlings one day before beginning of autumn, and harvest the manure vat one day earlier, without throwing it away. If you don't fertilize the fields with many meals, you cheat it, and it will cheat you that buckwheat will not grow old without frost, and wheat will not eat wind and yellow. If you want to get more grain, you can plant two kinds of sweet potatoes and rice, and the output will be high year after year, and the second hemp will see the seedlings, and the third hemp will see the frost and spring. Spring rain is as expensive as oil, which makes farmers worry more. There were three rains in beginning of spring, and rice was everywhere. The spring rain flooded, and the wheat and peas were lost. Rain falls on Tomb-Sweeping Day, and wheat and peas are everywhere. Wheat is afraid of clear skies and rainy nights. Summer rain kills rice, spring rain wheat disease. March rain is as expensive as oil; It rains in April, so it's easy to hoe. There are three rains in spring, and there is no shortage of rice after autumn. There was a rain around Qingming Festival, and peas and wheat were picked up. Money can't buy a drought in May, and a full meal in June. In spring, there is a plow of rain, and in autumn, there are thousands of loads of grain. It was cloudy in June, and gold was everywhere. The spring rain is flowing all over the street, and the wheat harvest is exhausted. It rains at night and sunny during the day, so there is no room for food. A burst of sun and rain, planted yellow seedlings to eat white rice. There is no rain in the valley and no rice in the valley; There is much rain in the valley and much rice in the valley. In the dog days, it is necessary to bend the millet under the soaking rain. Foley is violent every day, sitting at home harvesting rice. Autumn grain night rain is better than dung, and a night rain is a fertilizer. It's autumn, and it rains there. Everything is harvested when it rains in beginning of autumn, and everything is lost when it rains in summer. Rain in the summer, rice in the barn. In the summer, it rains and rotten grain baskets. The temperature and agriculture are clear and hot early, and early rice must be good. If you don't take a fan in April, you will be in a hurry to farm. Summer for autumn, no harvest. It's not hot in May, and rice doesn't grow. It's not hot in June, and the rice doesn't bear fruit. Covered in June, there are grains but no rice. It is not hot in the dog days, and the grain will not bear fruit. It's too hot to lie on the pavement, and only crops grow in the field. People are jumping in the house, and rice is laughing in the field. People drill into the house and rice scurries in the fields. People jump when they are hot, and rice smiles when they are hot. People are afraid of getting old and getting poor, and rice is afraid of cold dew. The cold dew wind brought the harvest to nothing. Late rice grows by the dog days. Autumn heat harvests late fields. Bitter worms in wheat can't do without freezing. Freeze and break the wheat roots, and pick and break the hemp rope. Cold harvest wheat, hot harvest autumn. Snowfall and agricultural December snow are half a foot thick, and wheat is not enough. Wheat seedlings are covered with snowflakes and sleep with steamed buns in the coming year. Snow is flying all over the sky, and next year will be a bumper year. Heavy snow piled up and wheat filled the house. It snows heavily this winter and will have a good harvest next year. Heavy snow bodes well for a good year. A winter snow, a fortune, a disaster in Chun Xue. A quilt in winter snow, a knife in Chun Xue. Snow like a quilt, Chun Xue froze to death. Winter snow is wheat quilt, Chun Xue rotten wheat root. Winter snow is quilt, Chun Xue is ghost. Chun Xue is useless when there is abundant winter snow. Chun Xue fills the ditch, but Xia Tian doesn't accept it. Snow water becomes rivers, and the wheat harvest is thin. Chun Xue is a river, and everyone eats steamed buns with white flour. When the seedlings are too cold, they are afraid of rotten seedlings, and young seedlings are afraid of green frost when they come out of the water. Cold damages the roots, and frost begins. Mulberry leaves are frosty every night, and they are worried about raising silkworms. Late frost hurts cotton seedlings and early frost hurts cotton peaches. Cotton is afraid of cloudy days in August, and rice is afraid of cold dew and frost. Buckwheat is exposed to frost, and the grains are stripped. On the first day of August, the wild goose gate opened and frost came under its feet. It's sunny after the cold wave, and it's cloudless at night. There must be frost if there is no dew in the north wind. Frost flakes, hail lines. The wind blew a large area and the hail hit a line. Man Cang is in the drought valley in spring, and crops are cut off in summer. Spring drought is not a drought, and autumn drought is reduced by half. The barn was built in spring drought, and the grain was cut off in autumn drought. Dry in the polder is afraid of flooding, and drowning in the mountains is afraid of doing it. Not afraid of dry seeds, but afraid of dry autumn seedlings. Not afraid of dry seedlings, but afraid of dry seeds. Two ends in three years, and the crust covers the wall. It is good to plant polder fields, but Meiyu is sad. Polder fields are easy to make, but May is sad. The polder field was a famine year overnight. Water shortage head, drought shortage tail. A hundred days of water shortage and a year of drought. Water shortage is a line, and drought is a large area. Drought and flood will be fixed on July 15th, and harvest will be fixed on August 15th. Phenology and agriculture (predicting agricultural time by indicating crops) When all flowers bloom, farm work will come together. Yang leaves clap hands, and the old man presses the melon seedlings. Poplar leaves slapped and sorghum was planted everywhere. Poplar leaves are rich, and melons are planted quickly; Yang Ye Hua, plant watermelon quickly. Poplar leaves are as big as money, and cotton is planted everywhere. Poplar leaves are rich, so it is necessary to plant cucumbers. Fly poplar flowers and grow cotton. Catkins are raised and sorghum is planted. Willow hair blooms, beans grow and melons grow. Catkin is bustling, and rice seedlings are planted in every family. Willow buds twist their mouths, and yam goes into the ground. Catkins fall and yam is planted. Catkin fell to the ground and cotton was born. Tung leaves and horseshoes are big, and rice seeds have no worries about mud. Tung trees are blooming and sesame seeds are being planted. Tung tree flowers fall to the ground, peanuts can't be planted. Tung flowers fall to the ground, and the valley plants mud. Toona sinensis bud drum, planting. Toona sinensis sprouts and grows cotton. Toona sinensis head, grabbing at it, every household grows cotton. Toona sinensis is big, so put the seedlings down. Jujube sprouts and grows cotton. Jujube shoots, sesame melons. Jujube stuffed the nose hole and carried the bean seeds with his legs. Jujube is red-bellied, and the sickle is sharpened to cut the grain. Elm hangs money, so you can grow cotton. Yu Qian Gu, planting sweet potatoes. Yuqian swish swish, seeds swish sorghum. The money is yellow, and the grain is busy; Poplar catkins fall and plant mountain classics. Peach blossoms bloom, plum blossoms fall, and there is nothing wrong with seeds. Peach blossoms bloom, apricot blossoms fail, and plums bloom and sell leeks. Peach trees blossom and melons grow in the fields. Peach blossoms fall to the ground and beans fall to the mud. Plough the flowers and plant early. Grab bloom and get out of the valley. Pull bloom, hemp out. Seven miles of flowers, go home and sow seedlings. Barley sizing, hurry up and plant. Persimmons sprout and grow cotton. Wheat flowers, row cucumbers. Seedlings are swaying and peanuts are planted. Bamboo shoots have long scales, so don't ask your mother when you hatch silkworms. On April 8, amaranth was pinched, and people in the four townships inserted seedlings. In the Fourth-month the south wind blows plains of yellow barley, only sericulture and rice planting. Lotus leaves are as big as money, and cotton is planted everywhere. Lotus, plowing and harrowing; The lotus is in bloom and the seedlings are being planted. Chrysanthemum yellow, busy growing wheat. When the fruit is black, cut the barley. Wheat yellow apricot, bean yellow crab. Loquat blooms and eats persimmon, and persimmon blooms and eats loquat. Papaya blooms and plants adzuki beans, and adzuki beans bloom and harvest papaya. Sorghum is ripe and rice is harvested. Forecast the grain distribution in agricultural season with the indicator animals as the index, and plant the grain quickly. Turtle dove coos, this kind of sou sou. Toad's name is knock, and every family soaks in the grain. Frogs croak just in time to plant early rice. Frogs croak just in time to plant early rice. Frogs play drums, beans go to the ground. Silkworms make cocoons and transplant rice quickly. The old silkworm chess piece is black, ready to cut barley. Mosquitoes see blood, but wheat sees iron. The oriole sings, and the wheat needs to be cut. When cicadas call, cut early rice. It's too late to plant beans. When the cicada cries, the litchi is ripe. Orioles come and pull out garlic shoots; When the oriole leaves, sweet potatoes come out. Swallows come and plant amaranth. Xiaoyan comes, destroys the seedlings, Xiaoyan goes, and the rice soup is fragrant. Xiaoyan came and smoked garlic shoots; Wild geese come and pull cotton and firewood. Wild geese come and plant wheat. Don't talk about planting wheat. Breath in the mouth, wheat in the field. Fertilizer and agricultural fertilizer to build a flower of crops depends entirely on fertilizer. Manure is a farm treasure, and crops can't grow well without it. Farming is no coincidence, and dung is the treasure of crops. Dung is a tiger in the soil, which can increase one stone and five. Manure is a treasure of crops, and it can't grow without it. There is no ghost in farming, and it depends on dung and water. Dung grass dung grass, the treasure of crops. Farming is no coincidence, and manure is full. Crops should be good and fertilizers should be full. Don't ask in the farmer's field, except rain is dung. Farm work, don't ask, except work is shit. Don't ask about farming, plough deep and put more manure on it. There is a lot of manure in farming, and there are plenty of millet baskets. More water makes a river, and more dung makes a grain. People depend on food for food, and the land depends on dung for food. People depend on food, and the land depends on dung. People depend on food, and fields depend on fertilizer. People need food, and rice needs to grow fat. Man is the power of food, and the land is the fertility. People make up longan and candied dates, and they make up river mud and dung grass. The land is raised by people, and the seedlings grow by dung. Birds depend on trees, fish depend on rivers, and crops look much fatter. Fish live by water, and seedlings grow by dung. Only when you have enough oil can you light up, and only when you have enough fat can you be strong. There is more light in the lamp, and more grain in the field. When there is more firewood, the flame is high, and the manure is good. Those with long mouths should eat and those with long roots should be fat. Oil is food, salt is strength, and crops depend on time and dung. Grain is born in the soil, and soil and fertilizer have a good harvest. Millet dung contest gold, sorghum dung contest Pearl Buck. The ground is full of dung and grain is piled up. People don't lose land, the land doesn't lose belly. Don't be stubborn with crops, every dung is the same. Thousands of loads of dung go to the ground, and thousands of loads of grain go to the warehouse. One share of fertilizer, one share of grain; Very fat, grain Man Cang. With a dunghill mountain, I don't know about rice and grain rivers. Spring is full of fat, and autumn valley is Man Cang. Dung is dense in spring, and grain is paved in autumn. A thousand loads of fertilizer are applied in spring and ten thousand loads of grain are harvested in autumn. Winter is better than dung heap, and next year is better than grain heap. There will be dung this year and food next year. It's better to plant more manure than to plant it skillfully. It is better to sow skillfully than to be a lazy man. How fat it is