Bailing Temple, a famous temple beyond the Great Wall, has experienced disasters.
1On April 3, 987, in Famen Temple, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, cultural relics and archaeologists discovered a number of extremely precious cultural relics, such as Buddha relics, which shocked China and foreign countries.
In 200 1 year, cultural relics archaeologists also cleared out many extremely exquisite and precious cultural relics in the underground palace of Leifeng Tower in Hangzhou.
The above examples show that ancient temples contain treasures.
In Bailingmiao Town, Damao United Banner, Baotou City, there is a well-known Tibetan Buddhist temple "Guangfu Temple", commonly known as "Bailingmiao". Bailingmiao Town is named after the temple. This temple, which is famous all over the country because of the "Bailing Temple Riot" and "Bailing Temple Victory" in China's modern history, also suffered the disaster of Zhongjingguang Temple in The Journey to the West more than once.
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Bailing Temple was built in the forty-first year of Kangxi (1702). The location of the temple was chosen in Tao Hai, Wuliji (meaning "Auspicious Bay"), Batu Haraga (meaning "ancient pass"), where the peaks are stacked and the momentum is magnificent. The shape and scale of the temple were designed under the guidance of the fourth living Buddha Abugen Labuten.
According to legend, there are three reasons for building temples:
1. When Kangxi personally marched in Galdin, he was stationed in Batu Haraga (there is still the former site of Kangxi Yingpan). He saw that Batu Haraga is a place with dangerous terrain, frontier defense, beautiful mountains and rivers and pleasant scenery, which can become a holy place for Tibetan monks to worship Buddha. Therefore, Prince Dahan was ordered to build a temple here.
2. During the Kangxi period, Prince Dahan made a pilgrimage to Wutai Mountain and went to Guihua City (now Hohhot) to discuss the construction of a temple in Batu Haraga. Prince Dahan once invited Schumann Shili (Manjusri Bodhisattva) Buddha statue and a scroll from Wutai Mountain, and then went to Duolun to see Ganjulwa Pueraria, and invited him to build a temple at the local abbot of Haraga, Ba Dou. After being invited to choose a good place, Ganjulwa Pueraria invited a group of skilled craftsmen from Yingzhou, Shanxi. After personally leading him to visit and study in Tibet and other places, he plans to build Bailing Temple in the form of a Tibetan temple.
3. Suppress the fairies in Daughter Mountain to prevent them from blessing Mongols and endangering Manchu in Qing Dynasty.
Forty years after Kangxi (170 1), he began to raise funds to prepare materials and hire craftsmen. Wood was shipped from Ningwu, Urad, Wudangzhao and Dakulun, and architectural artists were invited from Shaanxi and Cheng Guihua. 1702 officially broke ground, and it took three years and two months to build the main hall of two architectural styles-Chaokaqin Dugong.
Prince Nuonai reported to the imperial court, and Emperor Kangxi presented Zhu Mo with the Ganjul Sutra, giving the temple the name "Guangfu Temple" (Mongolian name: Gurugeqisumo, Badala, Yin Bao). The plaque is written in Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese, and is stamped with the imperial seal of Emperor Kangxi.
There is a big Lama in the temple, which attracts believers according to the teachings of Yellow Religion. The number of Lama monks is increasing day by day, and it has rapidly developed into one of the holy places of Lamaism in Monan area.
"Guangfu Temple" has eight halls, which are divided into five universities: Lasan in Kachin, Sang in Que irala, Sang in Jiaode Balaksan, Man Brasao and Sang in Dongyin Colrat.
Chaokexin Dugong is the main hall of Chaokexin Lasang, standing proudly in the center of the hall. The building faces south, with a building area of 1.500 square meters. It consists of three conjoined pavilions, which rise step by step from front to back, reaching a maximum of more than 30 meters. The roof is a typical Han Palace-style building, with bucket arch window sash, sculling gravity selection, blue bricks and gray tiles. The flying pavilion is full of flowers, and the copper bells under the eaves jingle with the wind.
The first floor is a Tibetan building with white walls and neat red fences, in Xiao Xuan style. On the first floor, there are open balconies on both sides. There is a semi-peripheral corridor behind the downstairs, supported by 18 vermilion pillars. The front porch faces the balcony on the second floor with 12 vermilion columns. There are two beautifully shaped French sheep lying on the railing of the balcony, and there is a gold-plated Falun in the center. The fence walls on both sides are inlaid with bronze mirrors on all sides, with discerning Sulu ingots (tridents) inserted on them, and bristles and tassels floating under the forks. The scarlet door is riveted with a row of copper nails, with two animal faces in the middle and two copper rings hanging as handles.
Open the door and enter the main hall. There are 48 vermilion pillars wrapped in colorful tapestries, and colorful ribbons and flags are hung between the pillars. There are also three big pendants surrounded by red, blue, yellow and white satin.
There are fire exits on both sides of the facade, and the walls are painted with murals of King Kong Bodhisattva Cha Goudal, Ma Touming Wang Damuren, Thousand Hands and Thousand Eyes Guanyin River Lesige and Longevity Buddha Ayouxi. There are 12 life pictures of Sakyamuni on the east and west walls. On the west wall of the south gate, there are dharma, big black sky, big red sky and auspicious mother sky; Murals by the God of Wealth, Shamana Musley and Yama right Cherigile. Looking up, carved beams and painted buildings are resplendent.
On the front of the main hall, there is a 1 seat hosted by Xire Lama, 8 seats for the living Buddha of Shanglama and 1 seat for the Grand Lama on the west, and a 1 seat for the law enforcer of Zhang Tang on the east, with staves and other instruments of torture. There are 12- 14 pairs of couches on the central floor, and each pair has a carpet, which is the seat for monks to recite scriptures. There are also various musical instruments and scrolls around.
Entering the back hall, the "door"-shaped Buddha platform stands high above, and three five-meter-high clay buddhas stand on the front. They are Sakyamuni Buddha, Shi Ye Buddha and Maitreya Buddha. The front is also dedicated to the clay sculptures of Ye Jia and Arnold, disciples of Sakyamuni, and the clay sculptures of Zong Kaba, founder of the Yellow Sect, and his disciples Zarasebuji and Hailabuji. On the east and west sides, there are clay sculptures such as Manjusri Zamuyang, Cha Goudal, Ganshou Yan Qian Guanyin Jianglesige, Seningbao, Rewanamuxile, Namu Kainingbao, Kimba, Gongde Sangbao and Damuren. The idol is lifelike, lifelike.
There is a big altar one foot long and three feet wide in front of the altar. The altar is filled with offerings, including a bronze Buddha lamp given by Emperor Qianlong (which can hold butter 100 kg), three "Ban Ling" decorated with gold and silver, eight silver towers, eight Buddha lamps with hundred silver plates 1 and 50 taels of butter, and butter/kloc. There are also some skull bowls, nectar bottles and holy water bowls. Buddha lanterns are brightly lit all the year round, and incense keeps burning all the year round.
After the main hall of "Guangfu Temple" was dedicated to Keqin alone, it took nearly a hundred years to build other temples and form a complex. In the second year of Qianlong (1737), the Turku Lama Robson ningrige presided over the construction of irala mulberry; In the fifth year of Qianlong (1740), Lama Daorenba Abu Ganyundeng presided over the construction of the Balasan of Debakesanhe Manchu; In the forty-five years of Qianlong (1780), the living Buddha Abu Gensida Hambudan Binima presided over the construction of Duyin Ratsang. Since then, Guangfu Temple has formed the scale of five universities, specializing in studying and discussing philosophy, medicine, astronomy, calendar and tantric studies.
In addition to the five Lhasa buildings, with the strong support of Dalham Baylor, three living Buddha rooms, five warehouses and five kitchens have been built successively. By 1942, there were 360 Buddhist temples in "Guangfu Temple", with1/earthen pagodas.
"Guangfu Temple" Lamaism has a sound organization, distinct grades, meticulous division of labor and strict discipline. There are 19 positions from Xige Lama and Da Lama to Gonniye, who is a slave. His Majesty Lama of Chaokeqin Lasan is the best, followed by the deacon Lama of Grasan.
Chao Keqin Lasang is the main hall, in charge of all warehouses (departments); However, irala Sang mainly studies religion and philosophy. Correcting De Baracksang mainly studies spells and mantras. Man Brasao mainly studied medicine; Dunyin Colrat Sang mainly studies mathematics, astronomical divination and calendar science.
With the expansion of the "Guangfu Temple" complex and the increasing frequency of religious activities, there are more and more lamas and monks, and more and more believers. By the eve of liberation, the number of Suluke livestock in the temple had grown to more than 50,000, and more than half of the herdsmen in the whole flag were Sulukeqin (the lessor of livestock) in the temple.
Taking the actual expenditure 19 12 as an example, the total annual expenditure of this temple is: millet 10000 bucket, rice 150 bucket, 5000 kg of flour, 3000 kg of dough, salt 13500 kg, sugar and brown sugar.
"Guangfu Temple" not only followed the hierarchy and precepts handed down from Lamaism, but also formulated its own canon. For example, the house must be kept clean and cleaned twice a month; Women are not allowed to live in the temple area: only six days of entertainment are allowed throughout the year; It is forbidden to ride in the temple area; Closing every year1October 26th 10: on February 25th and1October 5th 10, Suluqin reported livestock losses; Count the number of livestock in April; Branding livestock in September and so on.
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Since 19 13, Bailing Temple has been destroyed, rebuilt and repaired three times. The first time was 19 13. In June, outer Mongolia Zhebuzundanba proclaimed himself emperor and sent Mongolian troops to attack south. At that time, the Beiyang Army stationed in Suiyuan area resisted, and the fighting lasted only one day. Beiyang army was defeated, and his troops retreated from Bailing Temple and set fire to its two main halls. In June+10 of the same year, the Mongolian army attacked south for the second time, and the Beiyang army guarding Bailing Temple was defeated by the Mongolian army again. When he escaped from Bailing Temple, he burned Chaokachin Temple, Ganjul Temple and Maidali Temple, robbed a lot of precious property and killed Abagan Balijir Lama. It took 19 14 to 1927 under the auspices of wangchuck, the sovereign cloud of Dalhan Banner, to gradually recover and basically keep its original appearance.
The second time was on the eve of 1936 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. On that day, after I ordered the Mongolian army of King De to occupy Bailing Temple, Fu Bing divided into three roads and besieged the Mongolian army of King De in Bailing Temple. This was General Fu's victory against Japan in Bailing Temple in 1930s, which caused a sensation at home and abroad. Due to fierce fighting, temple buildings, Buddha statues, scrolls and utensils were seriously damaged and lost, and the golden beads in the Buddha's belly were taken away by soldiers. Later, under the auspices of Lama Shansted Balajul, the temple was restored from 1939 to 1940.
The third time was in the Cultural Revolution of 1966. In the name of breaking the "Four Old Classics", temple buildings, Buddha statues and utensils were destroyed, scriptures were burned, and lamas were dispersed, and Bailing Temple suffered a devastating disaster. After 1979, the party's religious policy gradually recovered. Since 1982, Bailing Temple has been gradually restored with the support of autonomous regions, leagues, banners and governments at all levels.
However, the restored Bailing Temple is just empty, precious cultural relics and utensils have long been destroyed, and the belly of the Buddha statue is a pile of rags and empty.