What are some simple traditional cultures that children can understand?

First, create a traditional cultural atmosphere with rich audio-visual environment.

The outline points out: "the environment is an important educational resource, and children's development should be effectively promoted through the creation and utilization of the environment." The environment can be described as a child's third teacher. Influenced by the traditional cultural environment, children can intuitively feel the different manifestations of traditional culture through interaction with the environment.

(A) the use of traditional cultural elements for park culture construction

Kindergarten can adopt the traditional architectural style of China when building a garden. For example, the outdoor leisure area will be built into a Chinese garden, so that children can appreciate the characteristics of traditional gardens in China. Interior decoration can also learn from Chinese style. For example, the ceiling of the children's activity area is hung with Chinese window lattice, which is not only beautiful, but also can hang the works of art by teachers and children. The children's activity area can be equipped with facilities and equipment with the color of China traditional culture, such as goldfish, rattan chairs, kites, tea sets, bamboo screens, Chinese lockers, small bonsai, bamboo and horse rocking chairs, pen and ink inkstones, folding fans, etc. These items can not only convey national cultural information, but also be used by children in life or games. Of course, in the process of creating the environment, it is necessary to invite professionals to carry out the overall design, pay attention to the clever reference or transformation of traditional architectural styles, and make them more in line with children's psychology; We should also pay attention to the coordination and transformation between tradition and modernity, Chinese style and western style, and avoid destroying the cultural harmony of the park in order to highlight tradition.

(2) Choose materials that reflect traditional cultural characteristics to decorate the public environment.

Kindergartens can choose some materials, pictures and articles that can reflect traditional cultural characteristics in the public environment. For example, in public areas of kindergartens, such as stairs, aisles and corridors, calendars, pictorial, photos and fans printed with traditional Chinese paintings, calligraphy, ancient cultural landscapes, folk artifacts and folk activities will be posted or hung. Handicrafts and utensils with China characteristics can only be seen in the corners of corridors or on stairs, window sills and antique shelves. Teachers, children and parents can enjoy it at will when passing by. These pictures and objects will be changed every month, which not only creates an atmosphere of traditional culture, but also provides teachers, children and parents with teaching materials to understand traditional culture. Over the past few years, children can learn a lot of common sense of traditional culture by watching these pictures and objects, and form a preliminary perceptual cognition of the charm of China traditional culture.

(C) the use of sound materials to create an auditory environment

In addition to visual pictures and objects, traditional cultural education can also rely on auditory music and language. We arrange for children to play folk songs or folk music at various times in daily life to create an auditory environment. For example, in children's morning sports and outdoor activities, children's folk songs that are cheerful and rhythmic or sung or spoken, as well as cheerful, festive and interesting folk music; Play slow and beautiful folk music when children eat, choose activities, fall asleep and get up after a nap. These songs are usually changed once every two months, and each set is about 20 songs. It should be noted that in this link, music or language is only the background, aiming at putting children in a stronger traditional cultural atmosphere through the creation of auditory environment. Neither music nor nursery rhymes can force children to learn anything, especially they are not required to recite a few nursery rhymes. For example, some children are interested in rhythmic recitation, so they can stop the main activities and listen attentively to the speaker. Some children never pay attention to these sounds, but this does not prevent the same sound from leaving traces in his brain after two months of repetition. This practice is to form a similar "imprint" effect on children through the environment.

(D) the use of community resources to carry out traditional culture education

Under the requirements of rich and vivid preschool education curriculum, preschool education must go to the community, especially traditional culture education. Many traditional cultures still exist in our lives in various forms. For example, Tianhe Park, which is adjacent to Guangzhou Tianhe Experimental Kindergarten, includes Yue Hui Garden, which won the first prize of the World Garden Expo, Yuexiu Garden, an exquisite Lingnan Garden which won the prize in Japan, and the solemn Deng Shichang Crown Tomb. Kindergartens use these resources to educate children on folk culture such as garden art, architectural art, calligraphy art, couplet art, sculpture art, bonsai art, memorial service and harvest celebration. Generally speaking, the neighborhoods and towns where kindergartens are located often have local snack bars or snack streets, folk handicraft shops, museums, art galleries, memorial halls and ancestral temples. These are places where teachers and children visit and learn traditional culture. In addition, some communities or businesses arrange various entertainment and commemorative activities with folk characteristics before traditional festivals, and adults can take their children to participate in suitable projects. Some parents' jobs are related to traditional culture, such as Chinese painting artists, traditional craftsmen, traditional musical instruments players, Cantonese chefs and so on. Kindergarten can organize teachers and children to visit the workplace, or invite parents to enter the park to carry out related activities. In short, community resources have expanded a broader space for traditional culture and education, so we should attach importance to and make good use of them.

The second is to carry out hierarchical theme activities with traditional festivals as the carrier.

China's long-standing culture has given birth to colorful traditional festivals, which is an important part of China's traditional culture. On holidays, traditional folk customs have a strong atmosphere and rich activities, which are deeply loved by children. This provides favorable social conditions for kindergartens to carry out theme activities with festivals as the carrier. Therefore, traditional culture education based on festivals has become the knowledge of preschool teachers. According to children's age characteristics and local customs, choose festivals that can carry out themed activities, including Spring Festival-Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival. The most solemn Spring Festival is in children's winter vacation, and the Lantern Festival can be an extension of the Spring Festival, so we often link these two festivals and carry out themed activities.

(A) highlight the hierarchical nature of festival activities

Children will spend the same festival in the park several times in a few years. How to make these festivals reflect their characteristics and stimulate children's interest? Teachers have different overall goals for children of different ages, and the content and form of theme activities chosen according to the actual situation of children are also different, so that children can feel innovative and be willing to participate in every festival. For example, small class children focus on the feeling of holiday atmosphere and the participation of typical holiday activities, middle class children focus on the experience and preliminary understanding of holiday connotation, and large class children focus on the understanding of holiday development process and the display and enrichment of holiday activities. According to children's interests, abilities, life experiences, class resources and other factors, the time for each class to carry out holiday theme activities can be long or short. For two months, for example, children in large classes enter the preparation stage of the Spring Festival after New Year's Day, and start a one-month theme activity of "Celebrating the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival" after school starts; Short may be just a small theme activity a week before and after the festival, or even just a "festival-like" activity on the day of the festival.

(B) Pay attention to the "Festival" curriculum construction

"Festival" course can be regarded as a garden-wide work. Our main methods are as follows: the kindergarten business director collects relevant information half a month before the festival and puts it on the teacher's "office platform" to remind the teacher to design the holiday theme activity plan; One to two weeks before the festival, the art teacher will arrange the corresponding public environment to create a festive atmosphere for the whole park; Each class carries out theme activities for a period of time before and after the festival, and teachers and students decorate the class environment with activity works; On the day of the festival or the day before, the kitchen provides "seasonal" food two or three times; Parks or level groups organize large-scale festivals with teachers, children and even parents as needed. In the "Festival" course, parents' participation and support is particularly important. First of all, parents need to create good conditions to help their children accumulate real holiday experience. The main traditional festivals are finally spent by parents with their children at home. How families celebrate festivals directly affects children's real experience and experience accumulation, as well as their understanding of the connotation of festivals, which in turn affects the development of theme activities. Second, parents need to collect graphic materials during festivals. Third, parents need to participate in parent-child activities. Fourth, parents, especially grandparents, are needed as teaching assistants to demonstrate or explain some traditional customs about festivals for children. Parents are infected and motivated by participating in festivals organized by kindergartens. Colorful festival activities make them feel the significance and value of traditional culture and education to children, and have a deeper understanding and recognition of traditional culture and education, and then turn it into behavioral support.

Third, organically infiltrate traditional culture and education in daily activities.

"One-day life in kindergarten is a course", and traditional cultural education can also penetrate into many links of children's one-day activities or routine activities.

(a) Infiltrate traditional culture and education in many aspects of Children's Day activities.

The ancient poetry is neat, elegant and concise, full of musical sense and picture sense, and it is an outstanding representative of traditional language and art in China. Children are generally sensitive and interested in rhythmic and rhyming languages. Therefore, it is feasible to choose four five-character or seven-character ancient poems related to children's life experiences to guide children to appreciate and understand them. For example, we designed the activity of "Poetry of the Week": at the flag-raising ceremony on Mondays, the business director chooses an ancient poem according to solar terms, festivals or seasonal changes and corresponding events. And recited by a teacher with a high reading level, leading all teachers and students to read it once or twice to explain the background and meaning of the poem; Teachers in each class set up a corner of "Poetry of the Week" in the reading area (or language area) of the children's activity room, and put pictures, words, audio-visual and other materials related to ancient poetry into it; Teachers make use of different aspects of children's daily life in the park many times in a week, and combine multimedia teaching software to teach children to recite poems, read commonly used Chinese characters in poems as a whole, appreciate the artistic conception and pictures expressed in poems, and introduce stories related to poems or poets; Kindergarten publishes "Weekly Poetry" through the home contact platform. Parents can communicate randomly at home according to their children's interests and attention, or they can supplement their children with relevant background knowledge. What needs to be emphasized is that the activity of "Poetry Every Monday" is mainly to let children feel the aesthetic and linguistic features of ancient poems and understand the relevant traditional cultural information, and does not require any children to recite a few ancient poems or know how many Chinese characters.

(2) Infiltrate traditional culture and education in a flexible way.

Curriculum and teaching: for example, in some transitional links, such as before meals and before leaving the park, teachers can choose some idiom stories, folk stories and fairy tales to tell their children, or play animated short films of such stories, videos of traditional cross talk and storytelling with the help of multimedia; When walking, the teacher leads the children to watch the traditional cultural environment in the park; Combine traditional festivals, put folk game materials suitable for children of the corresponding age in outdoor games and regional games, and children can also participate enthusiastically; Before middle school students learn to eat with chopsticks, teachers can explain the traditional customs related to eating around chopsticks; Every year, at the graduation ceremony of large classes or other major cultural performances, two "Chinese style" programs are arranged, such as teachers' folk music performance, parent-child national costume performance, traditional story performance, parents' opera performance, teachers' and students' ancient poetry rap or performance singing, and martial arts performance.

(C) the choice of appropriate teaching materials for the teaching of traditional culture

In the process of traditional culture education, children may be interested in some subjects and have a strong curiosity. In this case, it is an indispensable way for traditional culture education to choose appropriate content in five major educational fields and carry out corresponding teaching activities in addition to theme inquiry activities. Chinese textbooks include ancient poems, nursery rhymes, myths and legends, historical stories and so on. Music teaching is mainly about the study and appreciation of Guangdong folk children's songs and lullabies, the appreciation of famous traditional music songs, and a small amount of Cantonese opera and Beijing opera. Art teaching includes the appreciation of traditional art works and handicrafts, and the creation attempt of traditional art forms; Sports activities are mainly about learning traditional sports games and using them flexibly. In traditional cultural activities, the contents of various disciplines can penetrate each other, and the boundaries are not particularly clear, which is different from the discipline teaching in the strict sense. For example, to create Chinese paintings after appreciating ancient poems, or to appreciate Chinese paintings with poems, is to combine language teaching and art teaching and penetrate each other. This way can help children better understand the artistic beauty of ancient poetry and the characteristics of "painting in poetry and poetry in painting". China's traditional culture is the crystallization of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. It has a long history, extensive knowledge, diverse types and distinctive features. But with the development of the times, some contents in traditional culture undoubtedly have the limitations of the times, and some even run counter to modern science. Therefore, not all traditional cultures have the meaning of inheritance. Preschool teachers should know how to choose traditional cultural education. In the content and form of education, we should combine the characteristics and reality of preschool education and be good at choosing traditional culture with scientific views on children, education and values.

The importance and matters needing attention of implementing traditional culture in kindergartens

Nowadays, many children are forced by their parents to learn foreign languages and take exams for stars when they are young. The "soil erosion" of traditional culture makes our frontline educators very sad. Traditional culture education is a serious problem, which is related to the future of our country and nation.

The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also clearly pointed out that it is extremely important to carry forward and cultivate the national spirit as a cultural construction task. It can be seen that ethnic education and life education have begun to be gradually valued by people.

2 1 century is a century of competition between science and technology and national quality. Especially after China's entry into WTO, the earth will become a home. The requirement for talents in the future is that they must have their own characteristics, and only the national ones are the world's. Nan, a master of Chinese studies, said: "A nation needs a kind of spiritual support, but a nation without a cultural foundation is hopeless. Without its own culture, a nation will not make progress or innovate. " Only when a China person with his own traditional foundation can contribute everything to the world can he identify with and learn from other countries' cultures. Therefore, it is very important for children to understand China's cultural traditions, improve their cultural quality and moral cultivation, integrate the essence of western culture and reshape the spirit of China culture.

The soul of a nation is its culture. China's traditional culture is the cornerstone of the Chinese nation's standing in the world, and it is also the core value of a nation. Including: traditional festivals in China, traditional costumes, traditional food, tea culture, wine culture, classical literature, calligraphy and painting, and traditional folk games (cricket fighting and chicken fighting) in China.

In the textbook of the second phase of curriculum reform in kindergarten, we are also delighted to see some contents about China traditional culture, such as understanding some traditional festivals (Spring Festival on the first day of the first month, Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifteenth day of August, and so on). ), feel the simple tea culture, know the traditional costumes (Tang suit, cheongsam, etc. ) and delicious food, and carry out theme activities such as "I'm from China" and "Chinese New Year". But after careful study, it is found that the content involved is still not rich enough and comprehensive enough. In my opinion, combined with the age characteristics of young children, we can add more contents about the study of classical literature, such as China's classic stories, idiom stories, Tang poetry and Song poetry. In addition, the traditional folk games in China have faced a serious fault. So, what's the significance of developing China traditional culture education in kindergarten middle class and large class?

First of all, it can stimulate children's interest in China's traditional culture and sprout national pride. For example, designing the teaching activities of "interesting Chinese characters" can help children understand the origin of Chinese characters, know hieroglyphics, know that Chinese characters are inseparable from people's lives, and also stimulate children's interest in exploring China's traditional culture. In addition, children's interest in China's traditional culture has been significantly enhanced by contacting and learning classical literature, classic stories, idiom stories, traditional festivals and folk games. In daily life, children are very willing to read thousands of words, three-character classics, Tang poetry and other classical literature, and gradually like some classic cartoons of China. They began to have a certain contact and understanding of China's folk games and activities, thus feeling the profoundness of China's traditional culture and sprouting national pride.

Secondly, children's literacy can naturally expand in activities. Children's early literacy is conducive to the development of the right brain, which greatly promotes the development of children's intelligence, potential and comprehensive quality.

Thirdly, it can cultivate children's sense of success. Children who have experienced early reading have more knowledge and ability than their peers, and also have more self-esteem, self-confidence, self-improvement and self-discipline spirit. I taught thousands of words in my class. After learning, children often recite in front of family, teachers and friends, thus gaining a sense of success and becoming very confident.

Finally, children's memory can be enhanced by learning the traditional culture of China. The development of human memory is the golden age when it is 6- 13 years old. Writing down these eternal and most valuable things with childhood memories is priceless to a person's lifelong learning and sustainable development. Modern psychological research has proved that children's great memory potential is the characteristic of rapid brain development. Reciting memory is the most natural way for children to learn. If you miss this period, you miss the best memory period of your life.

In addition, literacy is the basis of reading, and early literacy can lead to early reading. Reading can bring more knowledge, thinking and broader horizons, promote the improvement of children's comprehensive qualities such as intelligence, thinking and cognitive ability, cultivate a person's self-study ability, help develop good thinking habits, and lay a solid foundation for systematic learning of knowledge in the future.

China is an ancient civilization with a long history and culture of 5,000 years. Its profound, magnificent and splendid traditional culture has left an extremely precious historical heritage for Chinese descendants, flashing the unique spiritual genes of the Chinese nation. It has nurtured countless Chinese talents and romantic figures through the ages, and they have made Chinese culture stand tall among the world cultures. However, with the rapid development of modern society, people's lives are changing with each passing day. People have absorbed a lot of western culture, especially our children are gradually attracted by the novelty of foreign countries. Children know English, can play computer games, like McDonald's, KFC, Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Christmas, carnival playground, but they lack understanding of what their ancestors have-the essence of traditional culture.

The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education points out that kindergarten education is "an important part of basic education and the basic stage of school education and lifelong education in China". In today's basic education in China, traditional culture education, as an important learning task, is being brought into the normal teaching goal. Preschool education is an important part of basic education. Although there is no clear requirement in this respect, we can still deeply feel the necessity of children's learning traditional culture from the statement of the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education: "Guide children to truly feel the richness and Excellence of the motherland's culture and inspire their feelings of loving the motherland". Therefore, I think it is particularly important to carry out traditional culture education to cultivate children's good character.

First of all, children can learn about the splendid culture of the Chinese nation, deepen their understanding of the 5,000-year-old culture of the motherland, and enhance their national pride and self-confidence. Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Luo's Ode to Goose, and Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn have simple meanings, natural words and strong appeal. Allusions such as Kuafu's pursuit of the sun and Pangu Tiankai show wisdom and strength. "Smelling the Chicken Dancing", "My Mother-in-law Tattoo" and "Sleeping on the Salary and Taste the Gallbladder" are excellent works to praise patriotism and set up lofty ideals.

Secondly, children can be influenced by excellent literature, improve their aesthetic ability, enrich their knowledge, enlighten their wisdom and develop their potential. The ancients paid great attention to the refinement of words and sentences when writing poems, and always said, "Don't give up until your words are amazing." There is no road, there is another village, which shows the beautiful scenery of the mountain village, green Liuhonghua. This beautiful style of writing and artistic conception should be an artistic enjoyment for children. Jiang Yinan, a night-mooring near maple bridge, Mountain Walking and other works with beautiful rhymes, artistic conception and concise language let children enjoy colorful, sound and flowing pictures while feeling the beauty of artistic conception, language and emotion, and improve their sensitivity to natural beauty and social beauty. The idiom "get to the point" lets children know the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi and appreciate his works.

Thirdly, it plays an irreplaceable role in shaping children's personality, forming traditional virtues and cultivating children's sentiment, laying a good foundation for cultivating children to be human beings in the future, to be China people and to be modern China people with lofty ideals. At present, most children in China are only children, and the most common one is the "four-two-one" family model. In this growing environment, more and more children have common problems: lack of love, disrespect for elders, arrogance, selfishness and poor cooperation and sharing ability. In the face of various problems encountered in the process of children's growth, the basic education started in kindergartens should make traditional cultural education occupy considerable content. Cao Chong's statue, Kong Rong's pear and Sima Guang's broken jar have taught children the virtues of humility, wisdom and courage. Disciple Rules and Amethyst let children know manners, know right and wrong, good and evil, and learn to care for and help others. As the saying goes, "look at the old at the age of three, look at the old at the age of seven." Good behavior habits cultivated from childhood can affect a child's life. Traditional cultural classics bring together many essences and virtues of China Thought, and there are many things worth inheriting and developing. For example: love learning, respect for the old and love for the young, honesty and trustworthiness. The unique charm of this local culture should be cultivated and infiltrated from an early age.

However, to cultivate children's fine character through traditional culture education, we should also pay attention to the following key points.

(A) the choice of traditional literature content is the key to education.

Traditional literature is formed in the precipitation of ancient history and has a strong sense of the times. Some traditional things have disappeared with the continuous development of the times, and it is difficult for children to have relevant experiences. In educational thought, it is inevitable to mix some negative and feudal thoughts, and some contents are difficult to learn, which is meaningless and unacceptable to children. Therefore, in teaching, teachers must rationally select materials, dialectically eliminate their uselessness, and select the essence of traditional literature content for preschool education. From the perspective of children's interest and emotional experience, we should appropriately adapt, abbreviate and expand some difficult classical Chinese and idioms, establish appropriate content, and inherit brilliant cultural ideas through traditional literature, so that children can benefit a lot.

(B) The good quality of teachers is the guarantee for the implementation of traditional literature courses.

In order to release the charm of traditional literature and make the course successful, teachers are required to have good musical, artistic and literary literacy, the ability to analyze teaching materials, the ability to choose effective methods to teach in simple terms, the ability to adapt teaching materials to inject new vitality into them, the ability to express emotions, the freedom to use language and convey the connotation of works, and the beautiful language can make children intoxicated, ecstatic and happy to receive education.

(3) Paying attention to children's experiences and feelings is an important concept of traditional literature education.

The purpose of carrying out traditional literature education is to stimulate children's national pride, understand and love national culture, and develop children's memory, cognition, attention and other potentials in the learning process. Therefore, we must pay attention to guiding children to experience and let them learn happily. We should not take how many poems we can recite and how many idioms we can speak as the only criterion to measure children's development, but pay attention to their vertical growth, which should become the basic concept of teachers.

(D) Home cooperation is an effective way to carry out traditional literature education.

The significance, implementation methods and understanding of parents' traditional literature education determine the learning effect, and being a good parent is the guarantee for children to gain interest. Therefore, it is necessary to communicate with parents in time, change ideas, guide parents in teaching methods, let parents arrange a good reading and learning environment for their children, and let parents become role models for their children in behavior. In fact, we have achieved positive cooperation from parents through parent-teacher conferences, art salons and other forms, and unified education at home has indeed achieved good results.

Continue reading