What are the causes and measures of global warming? Use high school geography knowledge to answer. Thank you!
Global warming refers to an increase in global temperatures. In the past 100 years, the global average temperature has experienced two fluctuations: cold-warm-cold-warm, which can always be seen as an upward trend. After entering the 1980s, global temperatures have increased significantly. From 1981 to 1990, the global average temperature increased by 0.48°C compared with 100 years ago. The main cause of global warming is mankind's extensive use of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, etc.) over the past century, which has emitted large amounts of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Because these greenhouse gases are highly permeable to short-wave radiation from the sun, and highly absorbent to long-wave radiation reflected from the earth, which is often called the greenhouse effect, it leads to global climate warming. Global warming The consequences will be redistribution of global precipitation, melting of glaciers and permafrost, and rising sea levels, which will not only endanger the balance of natural ecosystems, but also threaten human food supply and living environment.
Global warming. The main causes: destruction of the atmosphere, serious pollution and the greenhouse effect. The possible impacts of global warming. Global warming will bring complex potential impacts to the earth and humans, both positive and negative. For example, with the As temperatures rise, the subpolar regions may become more suitable for human habitation; under appropriate conditions, higher carbon dioxide concentrations can promote photosynthesis, allowing plants to have a higher carbon sequestration rate, leading to an increase in plant growth, that is, carbon dioxide The production-increasing effect is a positive impact of global warming. However, compared with the positive impact, the negative impact of global warming on human activities will be greater and far-reaching. In August this year, CCTV reported that due to the impact of climate warming, Qomolangma. The top of the peak has dropped by 1.3 meters.
The shrinkage of glaciers in the Qilian Mountains threatens the Hexi Corridor: In recent years, the melting of glaciers in the Qilian Mountains has decreased by about 1 billion cubic meters compared with the 1970s, and the snow line in some areas of the glaciers is increasing at an annual rate. Experts analyze that in addition to natural climate factors, the other main reasons for the retreat of glaciers and the rise of snow line are related to population expansion, overloading and overgrazing, over-cultivation, deforestation, and excessive exploitation of groundwater. Environmental News 2004-9-16
1. The impact of sea level rise. The sea level has risen by 14.4cm in the past century, and the rise of sea level in my country is 11.5cm. The main reason for the sea level rise is sea water. Thermal expansion, when the ocean warms, the sea level rises. Global warming will cause the icebergs in the north and south poles of the earth to melt, which is also one of the main causes of sea level rise.
Global warming is already one of the main causes. It is an indisputable fact, especially in the past 50 years, that the pace of temperature rise has accelerated.
According to Dr. Liu Hongbin of the National Climate Center of China, the global average surface temperature has increased significantly in the past 100 years, and the degree of warming this century is still high. will increase. The latest observations show that the global average surface temperature increased by 0.74°C from 1906 to 2005, and the average temperature in the northern hemisphere in the second half of the 20th century may be the highest in the past 1,300 years. NASA's Goddard Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics announced at the end of last month. The study reported that 2008 was the ninth hottest year since meteorological records began in 1850. It is estimated that the next El Niño phenomenon will begin to form this year or next year, and global surface temperatures may set a new record in the next one or two years.
Chao Qingchen, deputy director of the Department of Science and Technology Development of the China Meteorological Administration, believes that global temperatures continue to rise, which has had an important impact on climate change. The characteristics of the change rate are: the northern hemisphere is faster than the southern hemisphere, and high latitude areas. Faster than in lower latitudes, and more variable in winter than in summer. He also said that greenhouse gases have a life span and their greenhouse effect will take place decades or even centuries later, so their impact is far-reaching. Temperature increases are expected to continue until the end of the century.
African countries formulate action plans
The African continent is the region most severely affected by climate change. In recent years, droughts and floods have been common in African countries, resulting in serious shortages in food production. In and around the Horn of Africa, severe drought has caused more than 20 million people to suffer from food shortages, forcing many to rely on aid to survive. Rising temperatures also affect the development of animal husbandry. 40% of the land in Africa is owned by herders, but droughts caused by rising temperatures have increased livestock disease and mortality. People in most African countries rely on agriculture and animal husbandry for a living, so climate warming has pushed many people into poverty. Climate warming has also led to the prevalence of diseases in the region and the destruction of ecological balance.
Climate change has attracted great attention from more and more African countries. The Ugandan Ministry of Environment has formulated an action plan to address climate change, increasing investment in science and technology and public education to increase public awareness of climate change. Zambian President Banda recently stated that adapting to the effects of climate change is a priority for the government. Zambia, which emphasizes the role of forests in absorbing greenhouse gases, will review its forest policy this year and is preparing a national climate change strategy. South Africa has held a climate change conference every year since 2005, and a white paper on climate change will be completed by 2010 and implemented by 2012.
The European Union is stepping up the development of renewable energy
Extreme weather and water shortages caused by rising temperatures are plaguing Europe: the UK has experienced major floods that have not happened in 60 years; severe storms are coming to France; Alpine glaciers have receded by nearly 200 meters in the past 150 years; Spain has suffered the worst drought it has experienced in 40 years, and Barcelona, the second largest city, had to urgently dispatch ships to buy water from France to supply residents; desertification threatens the Iberian Peninsula, reports say He said that Spain's climate has begun to "Africanize"; forest fires caused by heat waves and droughts are frequent, and Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and other countries have suffered greatly; climate warming has also affected grape planting in some areas of southern Europe, and farmers must not Don’t consider destroying your vineyards and open up new planting areas at higher altitudes.
To combat climate warming, the EU is preparing to invest 105 billion euros in developing a "green economy" by 2013. We will increase efforts to develop renewable energy, reduce dependence on fossil energy, and plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 based on 1990. By 2020, increase the proportion of renewable energy in energy consumption to 20%, increase the use of biofuels for transportation to at least 10%, and reduce the consumption of coal, oil, and natural gas by 20%. Spain plans to change its economic development model and develop renewable and clean energy. The government has formulated the "Energy Conservation and Effective Utilization Strategy from 2004 to 2012" and has begun to implement energy conservation and efficiency improvement plans in seven areas including industry and transportation. Sweden plans to eliminate the use of fossil fuels in all cars in the country by 2030. Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, has set a goal of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2025. Portugal has built the world's most powerful solar photovoltaic power station, which can reduce emissions of nearly 90,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year compared with coal-powered power plants with the same power generation capacity. The parties to the Alpine Convention, including Germany, France and Italy, also recently adopted an action plan to deal with climate warming in the Alps.
The United States has introduced countermeasures
In the United States, due to rising temperatures, storms have increased in Alaska, and people have been forced to move to the highlands. Reduced snow cover in the western mountains has negative consequences for fishing, hydropower, industrial and agricultural water use. Sea levels in California have risen by 20 centimeters in the past 100 years, causing 260,000 residents and more than 3,000 kilometers of roads to become "flood hazard areas." Sea levels in California are expected to rise by approximately 1.4 meters by the end of this century. Fresh water shortages and reduced agricultural production caused by climate warming are also problems that the United States has to face. U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu said that if the United States does not take active actions to slow down global warming, the shortage of fresh water in the western and midwestern regions of the United States will become more serious, and large tracts of farms and vineyards in California may disappear by the end of this century.
The U.S. government plans to introduce a set of response measures: launch a "capital control and carbon emissions trading" system; set targets every year to ultimately reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2050. It will be reduced by another 80% per year; in addition, US$15 billion will be invested in developing clean energy and developing safe nuclear energy and clean coal technology. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will reconsider California's request to allow it to take the lead in implementing strict vehicle exhaust emission standards, which will have a demonstration effect in more than 10 states in the United States.
China participates extensively in international cooperation
China is an active participant in curbing greenhouse gas emissions. It has signed 103 environmental protection agreements with 97 countries and is extensively involved in environmental protection scientific research, International cooperation in technology, policy and other fields. China officially released the "China National Plan to Address Climate Change" in June 2007 and the "China's Policies and Actions to Address Climate Change" white paper in October 2008. It is worth mentioning that China’s National Plan to Address Climate Change is the first national plan to address climate change proposed by a developing country.
Containing global climate warming requires all countries to join forces to implement the relevant provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, improve energy efficiency, develop new energy, and conserve energy and reduce emissions. As developing countries are restricted by capital and technology, their ability to resist risks is weak, and they are also more affected by climate warming. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have accumulated a lot of experience in environmental protection and other aspects and have great advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to provide assistance to developing countries in terms of technology and funds.