Which dynasty in history appeared five famous kilns?

Which dynasty did the five famous kilns belong to? 1. Ding kiln. Jianci Village and East-West Yanshan Village in Quyang County, Hebei Province fired porcelain. Quyang County belonged to Dingzhou in Song Dynasty. Dingzhou has been the residence of Yiwu ambassador and the political center of a region since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, so it is called Ding Yao. Ding kiln mainly burns white porcelain in Song Dynasty, and also burns black glaze, sauce glaze, blue glaze and white glaze stripper. There are three kinds of white glaze decoration: carving, scraping and printing. The second feature of Ding kiln products is that they have carved, scratched and printed patterns, which are obviously different from Xing kiln white porcelain in Tang Dynasty. The white porcelain in Yao Xing in the Tang Dynasty was mostly plain porcelain, and there was no ornamental design. Third, the porcelain has a burr, which means that there is no glaze in the middle because of the reburning method. 2. Ru Yao. Henan Province is an important producer of porcelain in northern China, and many porcelain kilns are concentrated in central Henan. In the Song Dynasty, several famous porcelain kilns appeared here, and Linru Kiln was one of them. Part of the palace porcelain is Ru kiln, one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty. The other part burns folk porcelain, which is called Linru Kiln for the sake of distinction. The characteristics of Ru kiln are as follows: 1. The glaze is blue and moist. Secondly, it created a special style of celadon printing. Third, the whole body has extremely fine stripes, such as ice cracks and crab claws, but there are also cracks. Fourth, there are tiny Zhi Ding burn marks on the bottom. This is because Ru kiln changed the practice of reburning in fixed kiln, and it was held in Zhi Ding. 3. official kiln. According to legend, during the Daguan and Zhenghe years of the Song Dynasty, Huizong ordered a kiln to burn porcelain in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) for the use of the court. This is the so-called "official kiln". In order to distinguish it from the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty, it is sometimes called the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty. The glaze color of official kiln products in Northern Song Dynasty is moonlight, followed by pink, cyan and emerald. Glaze has small cracks such as ice crack, plum blossom and crab claw, and there are also oil spots with eel blood. Bianjing Imperial Kiln in Northern Song Dynasty ended with the demise of Northern Song Dynasty. After Gao Zongnan crossed, he set up a new kiln in Hangzhou, which was a continuation of Bianjing official kiln and was called the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln. There were two official kilns in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the Southern Song Dynasty. One is to repair the inner court in the backyard under the Phoenix Mountain, which is called the official kiln of the inner court; The other is under the suburban altar, which is called the official kiln under the suburban altar. "Gegu Yaolun" said: "The official kiln was burned in the Song Dynasty. The soil texture is fine and moist, and the colors are blue and pink, with different shades. There are crab claws, purple mouth and iron feet. Ok, it's similar to Ru kiln. 4. Ge Yao. Ge Kiln is a famous folk kiln in Song Dynasty. According to legend, there are two Zhang brothers in Longquan County, Zhejiang Province, who open a kiln to burn porcelain. The kiln built by my brother is called Ge Kiln, and the kiln built by my brother is called Di Kiln. The biggest feature of Geyao products is that there are many small cracks in the glaze, which are called "all wastes". The lines are staggered, forming many glaze colors, mainly green, with different shades, but there are also lavender and yellow products. Black tires with thick glaze and purple mouth and iron feet are another feature. Unlike Ru Kiln, Ge Kiln was not recorded by Song people. The kiln site of Geyao porcelain has not been found so far, and it is difficult to confirm the materials obtained from ceramic archaeology and the ancient Geyao ware. 5. Jun kiln. Jun kiln was built in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and the kiln site is in Xizhangshen Town, Yuxian County, Henan Province. Jun kiln porcelain is unique in that it is an opaque glaze, and the glaze also contains a small amount of copper. Unlike Yaozhou kiln and Ruyao kiln, the burnt glaze is red, just like the sunset glow in the blue sky. Cyan is also different from ordinary celadon. Although the shades are different, they are almost all blue, and they are blue opalescent glazes. It is a creation and breakthrough of celadon craft. The glaze color of Jun kiln porcelain is rich and colorful. There are rose purple, begonia red, tomato skin purple, lush green, sky blue, beige, moonlight white, kiln change and so on. Among them, red and purple are the most precious, which are called "Jun Hong" and "Jun Zi". In Song Dynasty, Jun Kiln used copper oxide as colorant and successfully fired copper red glaze in reducing atmosphere, which opened up a new realm for China's ceramic technology and ceramic aesthetics. The formation and appearance of five famous kilns in Song Dynasty is the beginning of China ceramics' emergence in the history of world civilization, which has established China ceramics' unshakable leading position in the world.

What are the five famous ancient kilns in China? They are Jun kiln, Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ding kiln and Ge kiln.

Five famous kilns were in the Song Dynasty. They were first located in Baguadong, Yuzhou City, Henan Province. China's five famous kilns officially started the "porcelain" era of firing practical utensils and ornamental utensils. In fact, before the Song Dynasty, most of the practical and ornamental utensils fired in China were pottery, which was different from porcelain. Therefore, the arrival of the five famous kilns is the arrival of the porcelain era in the true sense.

What is unusual is that the official kiln is divided into north and south. There are big ice cracks in the thick glaze of the official kiln, and small pieces in the thin glaze. Ge kiln is best at fine caviar patterns.

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In the history of China, the most prosperous period of porcelain development was in the Song Dynasty. These porcelain martial arts represent the artistic achievements of ancient China. If the porcelain at that time could be handed down, it would be valuable now. Take the official kiln in Song Dynasty as an example, the modern price doubles every year.

Basically, the market price will not be lower than 200,000. If it is used for auction, it can reach five or six million.

Among the five famous kilns in China, the official kilns are the least preserved, so the value of the official kilns is more expensive than others. Although the official kiln is one of the famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, the official kiln we are talking about now mainly refers to the porcelain produced in Jingdezhen during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The official kiln in Jingdezhen in Yuan Dynasty is called "Shufu Kiln", and the so-called "official kiln" refers to official use.

So the official kiln is the most precious of the five famous kilns. Baidu Encyclopedia-Five Famous Kilns in China.

What are the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty? Primitive porcelain originated more than 3000 years ago. By the Song Dynasty, famous porcelain kilns had spread all over more than half of China, which was the most prosperous period of porcelain industry.

At that time, Ru Kiln, Guan Kiln, Ge Kiln, Jun Kiln and Ding Kiln were also called the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty. Ding Kiln: Ding Kiln is one of the "five famous kilns" in Song Dynasty, and it is a folk kiln.

The kiln site is located in Cijian, Yanchuan and Lingshan villages and towns in Quyang County, Hebei Province. The Tang Dynasty belonged to Dingzhou, hence the name Ding Yao. Jun kilns: Jun kilns are divided into official kilns and folk kilns.

Jun kilns are widely distributed in Yuxian County (now Zhou Jun), hence the name shenjun. Baguadong Kiln and Hejun Kiln in the county are the most famous, firing all kinds of royal porcelain. Official Kiln: The official kiln was built in Han Liang, Shi Jing during the reign of Song Huizong, and no kiln site has been found so far.

Shen Ge: Ge Kiln is one of the five famous kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the exact kiln site has not been found. Ruyao: Ruyao was an official kiln established in Song Huizong at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, which lasted less than 20 years.

The kiln site is in Ruzhou, Henan Province (according to legend, it is in Liang Qing Temple in Baofeng, Henan Province), hence the name.

Which dynasty did the five official kilns belong to? What are their characteristics? They are five famous kilns.

The theory of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty was first found in Xuande Ding, the royal collection catalogue of the Ming Dynasty: "The wares of Neiku Chai, Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Ming kilns are elegant in style and the drawings are presented." In the Qing Dynasty, Xu Zhiheng's Talk about Porcelain in a Drinking Room said: "Porcelain making in China can be divided into three periods: Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.

There are five most famous songs in Song Dynasty, namely Chai, Ru, Guan, Ge and Ding. There are many Jun kilns, which are also valuable. "

As there is no kiln site and no physical objects in Chai Kiln, Jun Kiln is usually included, and it is called the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty together with Ru Kiln, Guan Kiln, Ge Kiln and Ding Kiln. 1, Ru Ci is the first of the five famous kilns. The kiln site is located in Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, Henan Province, belonging to Ruzhou in the Song Dynasty.

The area of Ru kiln discovered by archaeological excavation is about 250,000 square meters, which was quite large at that time. In fact, the firing of Ru kilns began in the early Song Dynasty, especially in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

The artistic features of Ru kiln are mainly celadon, with azure glaze, crab claws, incense ashes and sesame nails, which are the important basis for distinguishing Ru kiln. Among them, the crab claw pattern refers to the texture of glazed Mao Mao; "Sesame as a nail" is because when firing, Zhi Ding is used to support the feet, and then Ru kiln porcelain is supported in the air for firing.

After the porcelain fired in this way is burned, there will be several spots on the bottom glaze. Ruyao porcelain has thin matrix, thick glaze, jade texture, thin glaze and solemn and generous shape.

Due to the few handed down works, it is said that there are less than 100 pieces, and because of its exquisite craftsmanship, it is very precious. Representative works handed down from generation to generation include Ru kiln green glaze string bottle, Ru kiln green glaze round wash, Ru kiln green glaze bowl and so on.

The National Palace Museum in Taipei collects the sky blue oval narcissus basin and the pink purple fancy warm bowl of Ru kiln. 2. The official kilns in the Song Dynasty were directly built by the government and divided into the official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty.

The official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty began to burn in Song Huizong in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and the specific kiln site has not been found so far. After Song Gaozong crossed the south, a new kiln was built in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), one of which was "internal kiln", and then a new kiln was built in the suburban altar.

According to the analysis, "Xiunei Temple Official Kiln" is located at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in Hangzhou, while "Jiaotan Official Kiln" is located in Wugui Mountain in Hangzhou. In order to distinguish, the official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty were called "old officials" and those in the Southern Song Dynasty were called "new officials".

Among them, "old officials" are heavy, while "new officials" are light and thin. Artistic features The official kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty is mainly plain, with neither gorgeous carving nor colorful painting, but mostly with concave-convex straight edge decoration.

The tire color is iron black, the glaze color is blue, and the "purple iron foot" adds simple and elegant beauty. "Purple iron foot" means that the iron content in celadon tire material is as high as 3.5%-5%, which makes the thin glaze on the edge of the product appear gray or grayish purple, while the bottom of the product appears dark brown or dark gray. In addition to the common dishes, dishes and washing, there are many kinds of bottles and stoves in the official kilns, which imitate the bronzes of Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties.

The representative works handed down from generation to generation include official kiln green glaze string bottle, official kiln green glaze straight neck bottle, official kiln green glaze round washing and so on. 3. Ge kiln is similar to the official kiln, with purple iron feet and open parts. But so far, its kiln site is unknown, and there are differences in academic circles about its firing age. Some people think that it is not the Song Dynasty, but the Yuan Dynasty.

Artistic features In order to pursue craftsmanship, many porcelains are generally not allowed to have too many glazed lobes during firing. However, Ge Kiln has brought the beauty of "lobes" to the extreme, resulting in a typical feature of Ge Kiln: due to the different sizes and shades of lobes, the exposed parts of the carcass are different due to oxidation or pollution, resulting in cracks of different colors. Ge kiln enamel has large iron-black open lines, called "iron wire", and small golden open lines, called "gold wire".

"Gold wire and iron wire" makes the calm glaze produce rhythmic beauty. The porcelain of Ge Kiln in Song Dynasty mainly includes plates, bowls, bottles and washing.

Ge Kiln, a masterpiece handed down from ancient times, is mainly collected in the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Forbidden City in Taipei. The Palace Museum in Beijing has a collection of Geyao green glazed ear piercing bottles, Geyao green glazed fish ear stoves and Geyao green glazed begonia flower pots.

4. It is said that the main firing period of Jun kiln is Song, Jin and Yuan, and some scholars believe that the furnishings porcelain that is now designated as Guanjun kiln in Song Dynasty was fired during the reign of Yongle Xuande in the early Ming Dynasty. Jun kilns can be divided into Guan Jun kilns and Jun kilns. Guan Jun Kiln is located in Yuxian County (called Zhou Jun).

Among the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, Ru kiln, Guan kiln and Ge kiln are all celadon. Although Jun kiln also belongs to celadon, it is not dominated by cyan. The colors of Jun kiln are rose purple, sky blue and moonlight white.

Experts pointed out that the successful launch of "Jun Hong" opened a new realm. Artistic Features The typical feature of Jun kiln is that "earthworms walk in the mud". This is because the glaze of Jun porcelain is thick and sticky, so when it is cooled, some places filled with glaze between open and non-open pieces will form traces of earthworm crawling in the wetland after rain.

Masterpieces handed down from generation to generation include the white glaze of Jun kiln in the Forbidden City in Beijing and the lilac glaze of Jun kiln in the Song Dynasty in the Forbidden City in Taipei. Ding Kiln was the first kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty to burn imperial palace porcelain, and it was also the only kiln among the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty to burn white porcelain.

Ding Yao Kiln is located in Quyang, Hebei Province. Ding kiln with artistic characteristics is famous all over the world. On the one hand, it belongs to warm white in hue, and the thin glazed white is slightly yellow, giving people a moist and quiet aesthetic feeling. On the other hand, he is good at using printing, carving, painting and other decorative techniques to push white porcelain from plain white decoration to a new stage.

Ding kilns are mostly plates and bowls. Liu Qi, a scholar in Yuan Dynasty, once wrote an article praising the exquisiteness of Dingzhou Kiln in Return to Qian Zhi, saying that "flowers and porcelain in Dingzhou are the whitest in the world".

The representative works handed down from generation to generation include Ding kiln white glaze carved peony folding plate, Ding kiln white glaze carved slag bucket, Ding kiln white glaze printed chrysanthemum phoenix plate and so on.

What are the five famous kilns in Qing Dynasty? The culture of Song Dynasty was at an unprecedented level in the ancient society of China. Song porcelain is an important part of Song Wenhua and a wonderful flower of Song Wenhua. In the overseas trade at that time, Song porcelain became a world-famous brand commodity. Porcelain in Song Dynasty can be divided into folk kilns, official kilns and northern and southern regions.

The so-called official kiln is a kiln run by the central government, which is specially produced for the palace and the royal family. The so-called folk kiln is a kiln operated by the people to produce folk porcelain. Official kiln porcelain, regardless of cost, strives for perfection. The location and manufacturing process of the kiln site are strictly confidential and the technology is exquisite. Most porcelain handed down from ancient times are rare treasures. As for folk kilns, at that time, producers valued practicality and use value, and producers had to consider the cost, so the materials were not as exquisite as official kilns. However, it is not without exquisite artistic products. Throughout the porcelain altar in the Song Dynasty, the folk kilns are colorful, which complement each other with the official kilns and become a spectacle.

Porcelain kilns in Song Dynasty first popularized Ru kilns, official kilns, old kilns, Jun kilns and Ding kilns. Later people called it "the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty".

What do you mean by five famous kilns and eight famous kilns in Song Dynasty? The Song Dynasty was the prosperous period of China porcelain industry. Under the background of emphasizing literature and restraining martial arts, the cultural level of society has improved and the aesthetic taste has become more diverse. At this time, porcelain kilns spread all over the north and south, and the competition in porcelain industry was fierce. In order to meet the needs of all walks of life, the fired vessels are either symmetrical and slender, light and beautiful, or simple and durable, showing the situation of famous kilns, and there have been You, Guan, Ge and others.

In addition, Longquan Kiln in Zhejiang, which is famous for firing celadon, Jianshe Kiln in Fujian, Cizhou Kiln in Hebei, represented by black flowers under white glaze, Jingdezhen Kiln in Jiangxi, which features celadon, Yue Kiln with a long firing history, and Yaozhou Kiln, a famous celadon kiln in the north, were also influential folk kilns at that time. Together with Ding Kiln and Jun Kiln among the five famous kilns, they also had an impact on the surrounding areas and set fire to them.

What are the five famous ancient porcelain kilns in China: Jun Kiln, Ru Kiln, Guan Kiln, Ding Kiln and Ge Kiln?

1, Jun Kiln: The kiln site is located in Baguadong, Yuzhou City, Henan Province. Jun porcelain is one of the five famous kiln porcelains in China in Song Dynasty, which is famous for its unique art of kiln transformation. It is known as "gold is priceless" and "a rich family is not as good as a Jun porcelain".

2. Ruyao: The kiln site is located in Liang Qing Temple, Baofeng County, Henan Province. Song Dynasty belongs to Ruzhou, hence its name. Glaze colors mainly include sky blue, sky blue, light pink, pink blue, moonlight white and so on. The glaze layer is thin and bright, and the glaze bubbles are large and sparse, which is called "as few as the morning star".

There are tiny lines on the glaze, which are called "crab claw lines". 3. Official Kiln: The official porcelain kiln also refers to the porcelain produced by Jingdezhen for the court in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The Song Dynasty was directly built by the government and divided into official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. The official kiln in Jingdezhen in Yuan Dynasty was called "Shufu Kiln".

The official kilns in Jingdezhen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are often named after the modern imperial titles, such as; Xuande kiln, Chenghua kiln, Kangxi kiln. The official kilns in Ming and Qing Dynasties are also called "official kilns", and the kilns outside the official kilns are called "folk kilns".

4. Ding Kiln: The kiln site is located in Jianci Village, Quyang County, Hebei Province. It began to burn in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty, and gradually declined in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

Dishes and bowls have the characteristics of raw edges due to burning and tearing due to drooping glaze. China's five famous kilns were created and fired in the Tang Dynasty, which flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, and finally reached the Yuan Dynasty.

Famous for producing white porcelain, it also burns black glaze, sauce glaze and glazed porcelain. In the literature, they are called Black Ding, Purple Ding and Green Ding respectively. Ding kiln is a white porcelain kiln after Xing kiln.

In the Tang Dynasty, bowls were the main types of utensils, while in the Song Dynasty, bowls, plates, bottles, plates, boxes and pillows were the most common types. They also produced pre-Buddha utensils, such as clean bottles and shells, which are thin and light, hard and white, and not very transparent. Ding kiln is re-fired from the top, and the kiln edge is mostly glazed, which is called "Mangkou", which is one of the characteristics of Ding kiln products.

5. Geyao: Geyao refers to Geyao porcelain handed down from generation to generation. The tire color is black, dark gray, light gray and khaki, the glaze color is opaque and opaque, and the glaze color is mainly grayish blue.

Common uses include stoves, bottles, bowls, dishes, washing, etc. They are all exquisite in texture and fine in workmanship, and they are all the styles of palace porcelain, which are very different from those of folk kiln porcelain. The porcelain handed down from Geyao has not been unearthed in the tomb of Song Dynasty, and its kiln site has not been found, so researchers generally believe that the porcelain handed down from Geyao belongs to official kiln porcelain.

For a long time, people have mainly studied it according to literature records and handed down objects.