Research on the art design and protection of Guanzhong traditional village cultural landscape environment
Abstract: Nowadays, there is an increasingly popular saying - "Golden mountains and silver mountains are green waters and green mountains". Paying equal attention to economic development and ecological protection can not only build a comfortable and healthy living environment, but also achieve ecological protection. natural purpose. This article takes the traditional village culture in Guanzhong as an example to discuss the design and protection of landscape environmental art, find a reasonable way for its application in modern environmental art, and promote the sustainable development of traditional village culture.
Keywords: Guanzhong; traditional village culture; landscape; environmental art design; protection
With the improvement of people’s material living standards, people’s requirements for environmental needs have also changed. In order to meet people's requirements for living environment, landscape environmental technology design and protection attaches great importance to the development and protection of traditional culture on the basis of adapting to the development of the times. Because villages are one of the places where traditional culture is most concentrated and relatively well preserved. The implementation of landscape environmental art design to protect traditional villages is to protect the excellent cultural elements in the villages and develop artistic design features.
At present, my country's new rural construction has two modes: new construction and reconstruction and expansion. Where there are human activities, there is traditional culture, and village construction is no exception. The traditional culture of different villages exhibits different characteristics due to different natural environments, climates, production and lifestyles. On the basis of village construction and reconstruction, starting from the environmental art design profession, we create village environment, natural environment and humanities The harmony between the environment reflects the unique characteristics of village culture, and also allows the constructed and renovated villages to survive and develop healthily, evolving into different types and models of culture [1].
1 ? Background of the development of traditional village culture in Guanzhong
From the perspective of economic development, the economy in Guanzhong is not very developed, and most villages are even relatively economically backward. According to the current The pace of economic development will remain this backward for a long time. As of 2017, my country's Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and others have selected 4,153 traditional villages four times, of which more than 70 villages in Shaanxi have been selected. It includes ancient villages such as Dangjia Village, Xizhuang Town, Hancheng City, Yuanjia Village, Yanxia Town, Liquan County, Xianyang City, and Yaotou Village, Yaotou Town, Chengcheng County, Weinan City. These villages have better inherited local traditional building styles and folk customs, and are in policy Based on the combination of guidance and market development, traditional villages pay more attention to cultural value and the construction of their own productivity. Through the investigation of the environment in the Guanzhong area, the cultural construction of traditional villages will inevitably show new vitality [2].
2 The significance of combining traditional village culture with landscape environment art design
2.1 It is the need for optimization and upgrading of traditional culture
“Strengthening the protection of traditional villages and promoting excellent "Traditional culture" is not only a strong advocate of national policy, but also an important part of building a culturally powerful country. It is also a need to develop village culture and promote the construction of a moderately prosperous society in the region. Many of the traditional villages in Guanzhong still mainly cultivate land. These villages that follow traditional working methods cannot compare with the highly intensive agricultural production of large enterprises, so their economic level is relatively backward, which means that the living standards of farmers in some villages can only be maintained at a low level.
Therefore, the optimization and upgrading of traditional village culture is the way and way to develop regional economy. There have been many land development projects in Guanzhong villages in the past, but some development projects did not incorporate the characteristics of traditional village culture, making it difficult to develop according to local conditions. The optimization and upgrading of traditional village culture is to maximize the social and economic value of village construction and land development, and is of great significance to maintaining the sustainable development of traditional culture [3].
[if !supportLists]1.1?[endif] What is the need for the development of tourism and folk culture around the city? The most effective way to develop folk culture in traditional villages is tourism around the city, which is a way to treat traditional villages as Tourism patterns in rural tourism destinations. As early as 2014, this kind of tourism project appeared in the Guanzhong area, allowing people to take short-term, folk-custom self-driving tours around the central city, away from urban life, experiencing history and culture, and returning to nature.
Because more and more people now have no time to travel long distances, the folk culture in the Guanzhong area is rich and diverse, and traditional village and rural tourism meets their needs - yearning for the countryside, decompressing and freeing life, and realizing the comprehensive utilization of ancient village resources. The Guanzhong area The current development hotspots at this stage are to combine folk culture with local characteristic resources, integrate folk culture into village construction, and create traditional village rural tourism products with distinctive characteristics [4].
Take Yuanjia Village, Yanxia Town, Liquan County, Xianyang City, as an example. As early as the late 1970s, Yuanjia Village was developing grain production, but this only solved the problem of eating; until the 2080s, In response to the reform and opening up, Yuanjia Village began to develop the village collective economy in accordance with local conditions, and created a new model of "village collective dividends from fruit industry income and wage income". According to statistics: in 2000, the per capita annual income of Yuanjia Village reached 8,600 yuan, and the collective capital accumulation reached 180 million yuan. However, as the efficiency of the fruit industry and breeding industry gradually declined, the development of Yuanjia Village faced challenges. At this time, they began to pay attention to village culture, and successively built Kangzhuang Old Street, Tang Baoning Temple, Snack Street, Bar Street, Ancestral Hall Street, and Hui People's Village. Street, Academy Street, etc., with the organic integration of ecology, folk customs and cultural relics resources, create an impression experience place in Guanzhong. In 2019, Yuanjiacun received more than 6 million tourists, with an annual per capita income of more than 100,000 yuan, and total tourism revenue of more than 1 billion yuan [5].
Yuanjia Village, Yanxia Town, Liquan County, Xianyang City, fully recognizes this unique resource advantage, promotes cultural development, deeply explores and fully utilizes cultural resources, cultivates the cultural brand of "Yuanjiacun Guanzhong Impression", and plays an important role in protecting Yuanjia Village. Village folk relics and ancient dwellings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are of great significance. In addition, the traditional culture of Yuanjiacun assumes social functions such as a national cultural industry demonstration base and a patriotism education base. On the basis of protecting, inheriting and developing Shaanxi's rich and colorful folk culture, it serves the society, educates people and inherits In terms of culture and other aspects, we have also done some work within our capabilities to improve the moral sentiments, knowledge and aesthetic abilities of viewers, and become a spiritual treasure house that builds Chinese spirit, Chinese values, Chinese strength and Chinese dreams.
3? Ways and means of integrating Guanzhong traditional village culture into landscape environmental art design and protection
3.1? Village space design elements are the formal carrier of traditional village culture
The safety principle of environmental art design is the basic aspiration of human beings. Urban theory believes that space design is not only a simple combination, but also reflects the designer's thoughts and wishes. When designing environmental art, the analysis of traditional village culture is used as the starting point to reflect the unique local history and culture, convey the designer's thoughts and wishes, and then ensure the safety of human survival. On the other hand, to achieve the overall integration of architecture and environment, the folk village space design not only plays the role of village residents' memory and feelings of tradition and history, beautifies the countryside, and changes the living environment of villagers, but also demonstrates the role of integrated design techniques in architectural form, interior The integration of scenery and landscape expression is another form of protection and inheritance under the tourists' pursuit of culture. In the construction of folk villages, this is also an important aspect for the design concept to reflect human subjectivity [6].
3.2 Design method of folk village space
The cultural protection of traditional villages is a very challenging, arduous, urgent and far-reaching task. How to integrate folk culture into Integrating into space design, folk cultural elements are an important part of village design. The protection and development of traditional villages should adhere to the principle of equal emphasis on protection and development. After rich theoretical research and project practice by many predecessors, the traditional villages in Guanzhong The application of cultural design elements in environmental art design explores the design method of folk village space and actively promotes the integrated development of culture and rural industries.
3.2.1 Reproduction of the original scene
Traditional Villages are one of the unique forms of historical and cultural relics, and they are the basis for the diversity of folk culture and historical and cultural differences. The reproduction of the original scene is an important way to inherit the historical, cultural and humanistic heritage of traditional villages and reflect the authenticity and difference of culture. In the design of folk villages, we should do a good job in "revitalizing" ancient buildings.
Combined with the traditional village culture of Guanzhong and following the principle of authenticity, naturalized spaces are created in modern environmental art design to maximize the original reproduction and bring residents closer to nature. On the one hand, it can save energy and on the other hand, it can Protective display uses rare craftsmanship in traditional culture [7].
Taking handicrafts and folk art as examples, environmental art design combines village functional facilities to highlight the essence of folk culture, embody Guanzhong folk culture spiritually, socially and materially, and form a link between folk culture nodes with the same expression characteristics. The organic whole maintains the sustainable development of the natural environment to the greatest extent [8].
3.2.2 Extraction and combination
In the specific design, advocating and leading rural customs and extracting and decomposing cultural elements are important forces in constructing rural customs traditions. The application of traditional village cultural elements is used to symbolize folk cultural elements from the perspective of design aesthetics, so as to find more natural charm in this space. Based on the functions to be expressed by the design objects, the folk cultural symbols are extracted and combined to express the same The characteristic folk culture nodes are expressed in a standardized way, so that people can not only obtain a good environmental experience, but also indirectly protect the small circle and ecological environment where people live in the Guanzhong area.
3.2.3 Form transformation
With the improvement of people’s quality of life, traditional villages are also undergoing comprehensive changes in production and lifestyle, value orientation and spiritual pursuit. Environmental art design With the concept of protection, the purpose is to realize the sustainable development of architecture and environment. The diversity of Guanzhong folk culture and the functional positioning of folk villages have obvious effects on the development of rural tourism in traditional villages. On the one hand, it has a positive significance for the protection of traditional villages and the display of environmental art. The design style of the design transforms different elements in each category into forms, allowing people to re-recognize the value of traditional villages; on the other hand, each folk cultural symbol cannot be expressed completely as it is. What stands out is the Guanzhong Village of the design itself Cultural advantages, expressed in the form of another element, play a positive role in promoting the economic development of traditional villages. Expressed in new styles suitable for the local scattered environment, they enhance people's awareness of protection [8].
3.2.4 Interpretation and sublimation
In recent years, Shaanxi Province is vigorously building a "Silk Road Chinese Folk Culture Corridor", and village construction projects have also received certain attention and attention. Plan and build folk museums, exhibition halls, memorial halls, custom gardens, and folk towns with unique characteristics. However, village construction projects must have overall guiding principles. The Guanzhong area folk village project is overall positioned as folk cultural tourism. In environmental art design and protection, all aspects of planning, design, construction and later operations rely on these projects to focus on Stringing lines, using lines and surfaces to design villages, giving them a unified overall expression, protecting, promoting and passing on the existing Guanzhong folk cultural heritage, and interpreting the scattered cultural symbols, expressions, etc. in specific connotations , which sublimates the theme of Shaanxi folk culture tourism industry [9].
4 Analysis of spatial design practice for the construction of a folk village in Guanzhong
The Guanzhong area is one of the representatives of ancient culture in the Yellow River Basin of China. Lingquan Village, Fang Town, Heyang County is located on the bank of the Yellow River 15 kilometers away. It is listed as a cultural representative of Guanzhong villages for its excellent ecology, profound cultural heritage, diverse forms and rich business formats. In terms of village site selection, Lingquan Village, Fang Town, Heyang County is surrounded by mountains and ditches on three sides: east, north and south. The new residential buildings are completely different from traditional buildings. The layout of the north-south courtyard and the windy streets have the original With a sense of history, modern architecture and traditional architecture are mixed, highlighting the spatial design concept of using nature to build homes [10].
In the traditional Feng Shui theory, Lingquan Village, Fang Town, Heyang County, pays attention to seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, and follows the ancient Feng Shui tradition to achieve the perfect state of "harmony between man and nature". Located in an area with stable geological conditions, the traditional historical features of Lingquan Village have developed a very strong clan culture. Traditional villages pay more attention to cultural value, laying a cultural foundation for people's daily life, production, education, communication and other behaviors, and also affecting The development of folk houses in Guanzhong.
In the environmental art design of most streets and lanes in the village, etiquette education is also reflected in various buildings in the village. The environmental art design concept is implemented into every specific design detail. In particular, the design must be based on the inheritance of traditional culture. Lingquan Village, Fang Town, Heyang County, has a centrally symmetrical, regular and rigorous layout, expressing the idea of strict hierarchical division. The remaining buildings reflect the shadow of traditional culture in terms of material selection, craftsmanship, layout and scale. To protect traditional villages, it is not only about preserving the ancient buildings, but also paying attention to the inheritance of the historical, cultural and humanistic heritage of the traditional villages. .
Conclusion
The village is as clear as a picture, and the mulberry forest is filled with smoke during the day. Deeply explore the folk customs resources in the traditional village culture of Guanzhong, adapt to local conditions, vigorously develop the connotation of traditional culture, combine it with environmental art design, create a new space for the traditional village culture of Guanzhong, and use various forms of rural tourism products such as leisure and vacation to enrich the countryside The connotation of tourism interest is to protect the overall pattern of the ancient village, establish a "Chinese folk culture corridor", inherit the local traditional construction style and folk customs of the village construction form, and form a village construction form of "eating at the farmhouse, living at the farmhouse, and entertaining at the farmhouse" Travel mode.
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