Who knows the legend about the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang?
The ancients regarded the choice of cemetery as a great event that benefited future generations, especially the feudal emperor Qin Shihuang, who tried to spread it to the world, naturally paid more attention to the location of cemetery. The reason why he wanted to be buried in Mount Li was explained by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty: "Qin Shihuang built a heavy burial in Mount Li Rong, a Lantian, whose yin was rich in gold and its yang was beautiful in jade. The first emperor was greedy for his good name, so he was buried." Li Daoyuan's viewpoint is affirmed by most scholars in academic circles. However, some scholars have raised objections. One party who holds negative opinions thinks that the selection of the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in Mount Li depends on the ritual system at that time, and the other is influenced by the traditional concept of "building a mausoleum on the mountain". (See Probe into the Origin of Qin Shi Cemetery and Wenbo, No.5, 199. ) Now, from the perspective of geomantic omen, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is also an ideal geomantic omen treasure.
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the concept of building a mausoleum by mountains has emerged. Later, people chose the cemetery and attached great importance to the geographical environment close to mountains and rivers. "To build a grave, you must come to the mountains to go to the water." (See "The Secret Buried Sutra of Dahan's Original Mausoleum") The mountains and rivers are regarded by the ancients as the best land of geomantic omen. As for when this concept began, there is no way to test it. It should be said that the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is a model of building a mausoleum "by mountains and rivers". It is obvious to all that mausoleum of the first qin emperor is bordered by Mount Li in the south and Lishui in the north. However, on the east side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, there is also a artificially transformed fish pond water. According to "Notes on Water Classics", it is recorded that: "The water flows out of the northeast of Lishan Mountain, and the source flows northward. Later, Qin Shihuang was buried in the north of the mountain. When the water passed, it meandered, and the east injection turned to the north, and the first emperor built a tomb to borrow soil. The land was deep, and the water accumulated into a pool, which was called a fish pond .. The northwest flow of the pool water passed through the north of the first emperor." It can be seen that the fish pond water originally came from the northeast of Lishan Mountain, and the water flowed from south to north. Later, when the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was built, an east-west dam was built in the southwest of the Mausoleum. The dam is more than 1, meters long, generally more than 4 meters wide, with a width of more than 7 meters at its widest point and a residual height of 2 to 8 meters. It is what people usually call the Wuling site. It is this dam that changed the fish pond water originally from the northeast of Li into the northwest flow, and passed around the northeast of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. In addition, on the east side of the cemetery, there is a stream of hot spring water. According to "Notes on Water Classics", "There is hot spring water in the southwest of fish pond water, which can cure diseases in the world". "San Qin Ji" says: "There are hot springs in the northwest of Li Mountain." It can be seen that the hot springs of that year correspond to the fish pond water in the northwest. From this, it is not difficult to find that the geomantic features of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum are that the mountains are backed to the south, and the east, west and north sides are surrounded by water on three sides. Isn't "Surrounding the mountains with water" a treasure trove of geomantic omen specially chosen by Qin Shihuang's mausoleum?
The concept of "surrounding mountains and water" in Qin Dynasty had a far-reaching impact on the future generations. Mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty, such as Gaozu Changling Mausoleum, Wendi Baling Mausoleum, Jingdi Yangling Mausoleum and Wudi Mausoleum, were chosen by imitating the geomantic thought of "Surrounding the water by mountains" of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. Later tombs basically inherited this idea of building tombs. [Edit this paragraph] Are there really flying geese in the mausoleum? What are the precious funerary objects in the Qin Palace? This has caused many magical legends and stories for thousands of years. Flying geese in the underground palace is a very charming legend.
Three Auxiliary Stories records that Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, once robbed the Qin Mausoleum with 3, men after he entered Shanhaiguan. During their excavation, a golden goose suddenly flew out of the tomb, and this magical flying goose kept flying south. After hundreds of years, in the Three Kingdoms period (the first year of Baoding), an official who was a satrap in southern Japan was named Zhang Shan. One day, someone sent him a golden goose, and he immediately judged from the words on the golden goose that it was from the first imperial tomb. Is there any historical basis for this magical legend? In recent years, some scholars wrote: "Although this is a legendary story, it shows that the cultural relics in the Qin Mausoleum have been lost abroad, and as far south as Yunnan. As for the exquisite production of golden geese, it is not only beautiful, but also flying, which is also possible. Because in the Spring and Autumn Period, the famous craftsman Lu Ban had been able to create wooden geese, flying in the sky and flying directly to the city of Song State. Hundreds of years later, it is credible that craftsmen in the state of Qin can make flying golden geese. " (Wu Bolun and Zhang Wenli, Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Shanghai People's Publishing House, March 199) So, is this legendary story credible or not?
In China, a country that has paid little attention to science and technology in history, it would be a rare miracle in the history of science and technology in China and the history of science and technology in the world if the flying golden geese could be made more than 2,2 years ago. However, the reliability of metal flying geese really makes Chinese people sweat. If you scrutinize it carefully, you will immediately see the flaw of this legend. Imagine a metal object flying in the air is not as simple as flying kites and light balloons. Because of its light weight, the latter can fly in the air with the help of the natural wind. However, for a metal object, if it relies solely on the natural wind without mechanical power, I am afraid that even the basic problem of taking off cannot be solved. How can China solve the problem of flight dynamics of metal objects 22 years ago? Further analysis, assuming that the Qin Dynasty has the ability to make flying golden geese, then the golden geese will fly automatically after being buried in the underground palace, and have been flying in the underground palace for nearly 1 days and nights. When Xiang Yu opened the underground tomb, the flying golden goose flew out of the ground smoothly along the underground tomb, and then flew to the far south over the mountain peaks thousands of meters high on the south side of the Qin Mausoleum. If this anecdote is not made up by gossiping literati, then Jinyan's control and command system may be far behind today's computers. Therefore, we can say for sure that there is no possibility of the legend of metal flying geese in the Qin tombs, and China people with modern scientific and technological consciousness should not believe this legend.
The problem of distinguishing mistakes in the legend of Golden Goose should be over here. However, further, is there any trace of this legendary story fabricated by ancient literati in historical documents? According to the relevant documents of Han Dynasty, there is a word "gold is the goose that flies" in Sima Qian's and Ban Gu's accounts. Obviously, the two historians recorded the "goose that flies" made of gold in the tomb, and the ancient literati probably romanticized and "created" the story of the legend of flying geese.