Don't just write couplets, it contains great wisdom!
Because different calligraphy styles have their own aesthetic characteristics, this paper discusses the composition of couplet calligraphy and must understand the physical characteristics of various calligraphy styles.
Typesetting layout of various fonts
1 in regular script. Mainly refers to and Wei Bei (other Jin people use small letters, writing style, etc. ). When writing couplets, the characters occupy one grid, usually in vertical rows and columns, or in vertical rows and columns, but the font size is basically the same.
If the vertical direction is adopted, the line spacing can be increased, the word spacing can be shortened, and the cycle is compact. You can also relax the line spacing and word spacing to make the layout smooth and even.
2. Official script. The mature and stereotyped official script of the Han tablet is also a dignified and static script with flat fonts and square couplets, which makes the couplets naturally horizontal, that is, the lines are closely arranged vertically, while the spacing between words is large and the horizontal arrangement is obvious, which is a unique official script form.
It can also occupy a plane square, so that the vertical and horizontal spacing is basically equal, forming a unified layout.
Han bamboo slips and silk books vary in length, some are vertical, some are left-handed, and some are arrogant. Therefore, the vertical position is suitable for books, and the lines are not required to be neat, but the upper and lower lines should be equal, the line spacing should be consistent, and the collection and collection should be basically flush and symmetrical.
3. Run the script. Running script is based on regular script, with some cursive writing methods, which increases the relationship between words, simplifies the complex, points out lingering, continuous and vivid strokes, and the font size can be expanded with the trend, forming a beautiful, easy-to-recognize, convenient and practical writing style with appreciation value.
Because it is between regular script and cursive script, there is a lot of room for manoeuvre in the movement and flow of the body, so it is also divided into regular script and cursive script.
Zhang Huaiguan, a critic in the Tang Dynasty, said: "What is true and true is true", and now it is called "running script", which tends to be static; "Those who take grass are called grass walkers" and tend to flow.
If you use running script as couplets, you can refer to the composition of running script, vertical and horizontal; It can also be arranged vertically instead of horizontally to make it compact, and the horizontal and vertical spacing can be relaxed appropriately at the same time, which is unique. Cursive couplets can make use of the characteristics of continuous characters and free and lively structure.
In composition, only the upper and lower couplets are required to be balanced, full of charm, harmonious and consistent, and take care of each other, rather than the symmetry of every word and every part, so as to form uneven and complicated composition changes as much as possible in the overall basic symmetry, and give full play to the artistry and expressiveness of cursive script.
However, we should pay attention to the fact that the upper and lower couplets are flush at the beginning and basically the same at the end. They should not be light or heavy, dense or too uneven in length, so that they are separated from each other and have different styles, which undermines the basic requirements of symmetry and unity.
4. cursive script. Include Cao Zhang and Cao Jin. Cao Zhang is Han Li's cursive script. In the history of calligraphy, Cao Zhang's representative works include The History of the Three Kingdoms, Suo Jing's Ode to a Teacher, and Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie.
Its posture is characterized by the distinction between words, neat arrangement, even spacing between words, incoherent between words, flat and square figure, round and tangled stripes in stippling, waves in some horizontal paintings, and static and dynamic posture. Cao Zhang writes couplets, and the composition can refer to regular script.
This grass has inherited the legacy of Cao Zhang, and changed the style of this model by means of radical simplification, connection, deformation and symbolization, with a slight form without losing words. The two kings of Jin Dynasty and their sons were masters of running script and modern grass. This grass can be independent of each word, or it can be pulled continuously, and the numbers are one after another.
In all kinds of books, this kind of grass is the simplest and most energetic. According to the writing speed and the degree of opening and closing changes, there are also grass, big grass and wild grass. As mentioned above, calligraphy couplets should be symmetrical in form, and it is generally not appropriate to use unrestrained cursive couplets.
Grass (including the standard cursive script created by Mr. Yu Youren) is independent in every word, and it can be used as a book couplet and can refer to the rules of Cao Zhang.
If cursive script with continuous flow and ups and downs is used as couplets, we can refer to cursive script, and give full play to the artistic characteristics of cursive script on the premise of maintaining the basic balance between the upper and lower couplets, thus changing the posture and rhythm.
5. seal script. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Da Zhuan and Xiao Zhuan are all independent and unrelated, belonging to a static writing. Among them, the glyph of Xiao Zhuan is longer, and that of Shi Guwen is a folk prescription, but the glyphs are uniform and of the same size.
Oracle bones and Zhong Ding are different in size, length and flatness. Its book couplets can be made with reference to model essays and official regulations respectively.
Description, inscription, seal
Harmony is not the main part of couplets, but there are also many inscriptions in the calligraphy works of couplets. From the content point of view, the name of the person who wrote the book in the next paragraph, the general title of the previous paragraph, the source of the book, the year and month, etc.
The contents of inscriptions and postscript often contain brief background materials or necessary explanations, and sometimes even play the role of making the finishing point; From the perspective of calligraphy, inscriptions are an important part of the composition of works, which sometimes play a role in coordinating, enriching and perfecting the overall composition.
Therefore, it should not be ignored because it does not belong to words, but should be included in the creative conception of the overall composition of couplets. Nevertheless, the title of the paragraph is not the text after all, and the writing of the couplet should be clear: first, the diameter of the paragraph title should be significantly smaller than that of the couplet; Second, the style of writing cannot conflict with couplets.
If couplets are static and solemn regular scripts such as regular script, official script and seal script, it is best to choose cursive script outside the same body in order to pursue the richness and change of the meaning of the book; If couplets are cursive, it is generally not appropriate to use seal script, official script and regular script.
Of course, there is no certain method for artistic matters. Sometimes cursive couplets with few words are written in small letters and official letters, which forms a contrast of size, density and movement, and can also achieve a bright and beautiful artistic effect.
The title depends on the number of words and layout. For those with few words, the first paragraph is inscribed on the upper right side, the lower side, the upper side, the lower side, the lower side, the lower side, the lower side, the lower side and the lower side. In order to pursue conciseness, there is no need to leave the last paragraph, just add the name of the bookkeeper (the name can be simplified to 1-2 words, called "cold paragraph").
Those with fewer words can be written according to the above inscription position, and those with more words can be written on the left and right sides of the upper and lower couplets; In order to avoid loose rules and regulations caused by large word spacing, titles can be made at the lower part of the upper and lower couplets to remedy them.
Write the lower part of the last line of the upper and lower couplets corresponding to the Longmen for signature or inscription. Depending on the number of words, the postscript can range from one line to several lines. If there is not enough space, you can also write on the left side of the upper part and on the right side of the lower part.
The essence of couplet writing
The two complement each other, complement each other, and combine books to complement each other. In addition, the different uses, content, emotional color and language style of practical couplets provide space for the choice of calligraphy style and the adjustment of composition, and also create conditions for solving the contradiction of couplets and expanding the limited space.
All these require calligraphers to constantly explore, practice and create, and make more delicious food for the couplets calligraphy garden.
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