What folk activities are there in winter?
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Winter solstice custom activities
As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was recorded in Cui Aide's "Four People's Moon Order" that people wanted to offer something to Xuan Ming and Zuyi. The records of ancestor worship in the winter of solstice increased in the Song Dynasty. "Dream of Tokyo" tells the story of the Winter Solstice Festival, which is the most important day in Tokyo. Today, it is easier to wear new clothes, cook and enjoy ancestor worship. Legend of Wulin says wonton is the first enjoyment. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, ancestor worship was popular in winter. Jiajing's "Jiangyin County Records" records: "The portrait of Zukao is hung in nave during the festival, and a worship ceremony is set up. The ceremony depends on New Year's Day." In the southern region where the clan system is flourishing, ancestor worship is often held in ancestral halls. Jiajing Nankang County, Jiangxi Province records: "Worship on the winter solstice precedes the ancestral hall, and the tomb is as bright as the tomb." The custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors from the winter solstice is popular in Fujian. For example, Emperor Wanli's "Jianyang County Records" said: "This is a ritual for Japanese families to offer sacrifices to their ancestors." Fujian worships ancestors with special dumplings. In the winter solstice of the Qing Dynasty, ancestor worship was generally held at home, in front of graves and in the southern populated areas. Usually, like Qingming and Zhongyuan, ancestors sacrificed in temples at home.
1999 As soon as winter came, it entered the cold weather of 1999. China people call the winter solstice "nine to nine" or "nine to nine", that is, from the winter solstice, every nine days are divided into nine nines, and when the number reaches 8 1, nine peaches blossom. In the traditional culture of China, nine is the limit number, which is the largest, largest and longest concept. Nine nines is eighty-one, which is the "maximum" number. Ancient people in China believed that after the solstice winter on September 8 1, spring must have arrived.
Eating jiaozi's winter solstice is a very important solar term in China's lunar calendar. Winter solstice is one of the traditional festivals of Han nationality. It originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has existed ever since. The winter solstice is usually called "Winter Festival", "Dragon Solstice Festival" and "Asian New Year". As early as 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, China used Tugui to observe the sun and determined the winter solstice. This is the earliest solar term among the 24 solar terms, and the time is between 65438+February 2 1 and 23, which is the shortest day in the northern hemisphere. On the solstice of winter, there are different customs in the north and south of China. Jiaozi is eaten in most areas in the north, and glutinous rice balls are eaten in the south. There is also a proverb: When the winter solstice comes, eat jiaozi and poems about this solar term.
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In the past, there was a proverb in old Beijing, "Eat solstice wonton in winter and solstice noodles in summer". According to legend, during the Han Dynasty, Xiongnu in the north often harassed the frontier, and the people were restless. At that time, there were two leaders of Xiongnu tribe and Tun tribe. They were very cruel. People hate it, so they wrap it in a corner with meat stuffing and call it "wonton" with the sound of "mud" and "tun" Hate eating, seek to calm the war and live a peaceful life. Because wonton was originally made on the winter solstice, every family eats wonton on the winter solstice. There is another saying: during the winter solstice, all the streets in the capital will hold a grand ceremony. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Taoist priests shook their heads to learn from the scriptures and went to the table to celebrate the Buddha's birthday. According to Taoism, the Buddha statues in the early Yuan Dynasty symbolized the first century when chaos was not divided and Taoism was not revealed. Therefore, people have the custom of eating wonton. "Yanjing Years Old" says: "My husband's wonton is shaped like an egg, which is very chaotic, so it is eaten on the solstice in winter." In fact, "wonton" and "chaos" are homophonic, so people extend eating wonton to break the chaos and open up the world. Later generations no longer explain its original meaning, but there is a proverb that "wonton is eaten in winter and noodles are eaten in summer", which is simply regarded as a seasonal diet.
It is said that the custom of drinking mutton soup and eating mutton from winter solstice began in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, ate mutton made in Fan Kuai on the solstice of winter, which was particularly delicious and full of praise. Since then, the custom of eating mutton from winter solstice has been formed among the people. On the solstice of winter, people eat mutton and various nourishing foods in succession, in order to have a good omen for the coming year. Now in Tengzhou, Shandong Province, this day is called Fujiu. Before the festival, the elders will be given mutton and other gifts, and everyone will drink mutton soup when they are rich, which is a good sign for individuals, elders and families.
Eating glutinous rice balls was established in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the solstice of winter, it is necessary to "wrap dumplings" or "wrap dumplings". There is also a formal record in historical materials, which is called "Winter Solstice Day, glutinous rice is a pill, named Tangyuan". After wrapping up jiaozi, you should worship the gods and ancestors, and then the family will gather together to eat jiaozi. This is the so-called "adding new year." Therefore, it is ancient to eat glutinous rice balls on the solstice in winter. Eating dumplings is a traditional custom from winter solstice, especially in the south of the Yangtze River. "Tangyuan" is a necessary food from winter solstice and a round dessert made of glutinous rice flour. "Round" means "reunion" and "perfection", and eating glutinous rice balls on the winter solstice is also called "winter solstice group". There is a folk saying that "eating glutinous rice balls is one year older". The winter solstice group can be used to worship ancestors or give gifts to relatives and friends. In the past, Shanghainese were most particular about eating jiaozi. The ancients had a poem saying: "Every family beats rice to make glutinous rice balls, which shows that it is the winter solstice of the Ming Dynasty." "Circle" means "reunion" and "perfection". Eating jiaozi on the solstice in winter symbolizes family harmony and good luck. Another explanation is that the winter solstice is the longest night in a year. On the solstice of winter, before dawn, women get up and make a fire to cook jiaozi. First, they worship their ancestors, and then the whole family sit around and eat jiaozi. Therefore, eating jiaozi on the solstice in winter means not only the gradual return of the sun, but also reunion. Modern people prefer to regard it as a symbol of perfection.
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Eating Red Bean and Glutinous Rice In Jiangnan Water Town, there is a custom that the whole family get together to eat red bean and glutinous rice from winter to night. According to legend, the people who worked together died from the winter solstice, and after their death, they became epidemic ghosts, which continued to harm the people. However, the ghost of the epidemic is most afraid of red beans, so people cook red bean rice in winter solstice to resist the ghost of the epidemic and prevent diseases. The ratio of adzuki bean to glutinous rice is 1: 2.5. Put adzuki beans in a boiling water pot (the ratio of adzuki beans to water is about 1: 5). Cook until it is 80% cooked, and take it out. In addition, after washing the glutinous rice, soak it in the soup of boiled red beans for one night. The next day, stir the glutinous rice and red beans evenly, put them in a steamer and steam for about 40 minutes, then serve. Changsha people of the older generation all know that they must eat glutinous rice until the sun in winter. Glutinous rice is sweet in taste and warm in nature, which can nourish healthy qi. After eating, it will cause fever all over the body and play a role in keeping out the cold and nourishing. Best for winter. It would be better if black glutinous rice could be used. Black glutinous rice is helpful for women to nourish the weakness caused by postpartum, and it is beneficial to increase milk and breastfeed babies. This recipe is glutinous rice, bacon is oily but not greasy, and red beans and peanuts are braised, which is especially delicious. If you want to eat healthier, you can reduce the proportion of bacon and increase more beans and miscellaneous grains.
Winemaking Winter Winemaking was originally called Dongyang Wine, which was named after the sun rose from winter to the future. According to the lunar calendar, the winter solstice is the most important solar term in a year, because after this day, the sun rises and everything begins to recover slowly. Until recent years, merchants were famous for "Wu Hao" and "Winter Brewing in October". Please see the firewood broom hanging on the eaves. At one time, wine was about taste, not about navel but about nose tip. Only when the word "winter brewing" is discovered can it be called winter brewing.
The winter solstice festival originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has continued to this day. Ting Anne Lu even said that the solstice in winter is the same all year round. This shows that the ancients attached great importance to the winter solstice. People think that the solstice of winter is the natural transformation of Yin and Yang, and it is a blessing from heaven. In the Han Dynasty, the winter solstice was the "Winter Festival", and the government held a celebration ceremony called "Winter Festival", which was a routine festival. There is such a record in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "Before and after the Winter Solstice, gentlemen are prepared for danger in times of peace, do not listen to political affairs, and choose good luck to save trouble." Therefore, on this day, the imperial court will have a holiday and rest, the army will be on standby at any time, the frontier fortress will be closed, business travel will stop, relatives and friends will give each other food, visit each other and have a "quiet" holiday happily. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the solstice in winter was the day of ancestor worship. On this day, the emperor went to the suburbs to hold a worship ceremony. On this day, people must worship their parents. There are still some places to celebrate the winter solstice.
Giving shoes in winter solstice is a very old folk custom, which is mainly reflected in children, hoping that children will grow up healthily. In the past, it was mainly hand embroidery. As gifts for boys, hats are mostly made in the shape of tigers and dogs, and embroidered shoes are also beasts. For girls, hats are mostly made in the shape of phoenix, and embroidery on shoes is mostly flowers and birds. Now most of them are purchased from the market, and the form keeps up with the trend of the times. On holidays, adults always like to visit their children and brag about the shoes and hats given by their uncles and aunts.
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