Brief introduction of Zhang, the leader of peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty. How did Zhang die?

If it helps you, you can buy a reward. Thanks to Zhang, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, for introducing Zhang's death. Introduction: Zhang, whose real name is (1606.9.18-1647.1.2), was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, and once established the Daxi regime. On a par with Li Zicheng. 1640 marched into Sichuan at an annual rate. Zhang 1644, real name, real name, (1September 606 18-16471October 2), the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, once established the Daxi regime. On a par with Li Zicheng. 1640 marched into Sichuan at an annual rate. /kloc-in 0/644, Daxi regime was established in Chengdu, that is, the throne, and the year was Dashun. 1646, when the Qing army went south, Zhang Lingbing refused to fight and died in Fenghuang Mountain in Xichong. Many people have anecdotes, such as going to Sichuan to slaughter Shu and sinking treasure in the river. Historians have always been controversial. He was born in Liuqu Village, Haotan Township, Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province (formerly known as Liushujianbao) on September 1606 in the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. Zhang studied, joined the army as an adult, worked as a policeman in Yan 'an, and was dismissed for something, so he went to Yansui Town to join the army. Being beheaded for breaking the law, the main commander, Chen Hongfan, observed his grotesque appearance, pleaded with the company commander, Wang Wei, and beat a hundred sticks to remove his name. Since then, he has lived in the countryside. Hold high the banner of righteousness. At the end of the apocalypse, famine continued throughout Shaanxi. Serious drought and insect disaster occurred in northern Shaanxi, and seedlings withered and starved to death everywhere.

Due to the globalization of overseas trade, a large area of land in the wealthy southern Ming Dynasty was used to grow cash crops, and the grain output declined. A portrait of Zhang The drought in the north led to more food shortage, and food prices began to climb. Accordingly, the central government of the Ming Dynasty reduced the tax revenue because of the famine year. With the further financial constraints, relief has become an empty talk. Without relief, farmers can't live, and finally they have to take risks and rebel. Peasant riots broke out in northern Shaanxi first, which soon formed a prairie fire. At first, Wang Jiayin and Wang Ziyi in Fugu launched riots and occupied Huanglong Mountain. Then Yichuan Wang Zuogua, Anzhai Gao Yingxiang, Luochuan Zhangcunmeng, Yanchuan Wang Heshang and Hannan Wangda shared their common sense of life. If it helps you, you can buy a reward. Thanks, Liang and others responded in succession, and the fire of struggle burned all over Shaanxi. Soon, Li Zicheng joined the mob in Gao Yingxiang after the Mizhi uprising. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Zhang called village farmers in his hometown and organized a team to deal with the riots. He calls himself "the Eight Heavenly Kings". Because he is "long and thin, and his face is yellow, he must be one foot six inches, and the army calls him' Zhang Xianzhong'." At first, this team was introduced to Zhang personally, and later it became its own army. Because he had read a little when he was a child, received military training, was resourceful and courageous, and soon showed his command ability. His department became the strongest of the 36 battalions with Wang Zi as the leader at that time. Since then, Zhang has fought with the refugees in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and other places, and has repeatedly made meritorious military service.

His team has also grown from thousands to tens of thousands, becoming the most powerful force. It played an important role in fighting loyalists. In the winter of the sixth year of Chongzhen (1633), most of the rebels crossed the Yellow River to the south, and Zhang and his men were one of the thirteen families headed by them. In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), Zhang Ruchuan captured Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Chongqing), and the encirclement was peaceful. Qin Liangyu, the female company commander of Chongqing, arrived with troops to offer loyalty to Qin Liangyu and his men. He escaped, and Qin Liangyu led the army in pursuit. He and his son Ma Xianglin, who had just returned to Sichuan, attacked before and after, defeated Zhang and made him retreat from Huguang. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), various rebel armies were besieged by government troops in Henan. In order to break through, thirteen rebel leaders held a military meeting in Xingyang, Henan. After discussing the results, we decided to divide our forces and break the encirclement and suppression plan of the loyalist army. After the meeting, Zhang and Li Zicheng marched eastward under the guidance of conquerors. The main force of this East Route Army is Zhang's troops. His troops fought bravely, even breaking through Gushi in Henan and Huoqiu in Anhui, pointing to Fengyang in Zhongdu in the Ming Dynasty. As the vanguard of the East Route Army, Zhang's troops surrounded Fengyang City on a foggy morning. In less than half a day, 20,000 loyal ministers guarding Fengyang were destroyed, Zhu and others were killed, and Yan Rongxuan, the magistrate of Fengyang, was captured alive. After retelling his crimes in front of everyone, he was sentenced to share common sense of death. If it helps you, you can buy a reward to express your gratitude. Zhang distributed the victory products and the grain in the treasury to the local poor peasants, also called the peasants and people in the four townships, cut down hundreds of thousands of pine and cypress trees in the imperial tomb, demolished the surrounding buildings and longxing temple (also known as the temple) where Zhu Yuanzhang became a monk, then dug up the ancestral graves of the emperor and killed all the rich people in Fengyang at the same time.

This was a great shock to the court. When Emperor Chongzhen heard the news, he immediately put on his mourning clothes, ran to the ancestral temple to introduce Zhang, knelt down under the ancestral tablet and burst into tears. He also ordered court officials to wear plain clothes and be vegetarian in handling public affairs to express their condolences. Emperor Chongzhen dismissed the post of minister of war, beheaded the governor of Fengyang and the governor, and pulled out the governors of five provinces who had been dismissed and lived in seclusion, and sentenced them to death. Despite this seriousness, the loyalists still could not stop Zhang's troops from attacking like locusts. After Zhang captured Fengyang, he moved south and successively conquered Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), Anqing, Hezhou and Chuzhou, all the way along the river to Yizheng, Jiangsu. Later, Li Xixing crossed Yingshan and Huoshan and joined forces with Ma Shouying in Macheng, Hubei. Then, from Hubei to Henan, then to Shaanxi, and from Shangluo to Guanzhong. Zhang fought thousands of miles and ran around, choosing the weak link of the loyalist army and breaking the strategic plan of the loyalist army trying to encircle the Central Plains rebel army. After returning to Guanzhong, Zhang met in Fengxiang. In Shaanxi, he fought several battles with loyalists under the command of Hong Chengchou, the minister of the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty. Hong Chengchou's generals, such as Ai Wannian and Cao Wenzhao, were all killed by rebels, and loyalists suffered heavy losses. The rebel army turned around and went straight into Henan. At the beginning of the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), the refugee army had grown to hundreds of thousands. When it joined forces in Henan, it often ran for hundreds of miles, at a time when Zhang had hundreds of thousands of troops. In September, Gao Yingxiang, the king of Zhuang, was ambushed and captured, and was executed by the dynasty in the same year. Most of Li Zicheng and others moved to the west of Tongguan, and Zhang's troops became the main target of the official attack to the east of Tongguan.

Zhang led his troops to defeat the loyalists many times during the war in Hubei, Henan and Anhui. "Entering Henan to attack Xuzhou and killing my brother Zuo Liangyu" won a huge amount of materials. In March, Pan Keda and others were killed in the battle of Jiading, Anqing. However, due to the lack of unified deployment and coordinated action of all parts of the refugee army, each part has its own common sense of life. If it helps you, you can buy a reward. Thank you for the war. In the spring of the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), all the refugees were frustrated. Especially in April of the tenth year of Chongzhen (1637), Yang Sichang, a scholar of the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty and a cabinet scholar, planned the encirclement and suppression strategy of "four rectifications", "six corners" and "casting a net on all sides". Li Zicheng suffered repeated failures in Shaanxi, and Liu Guoneng and others surrendered to the court in Henan, which brought great difficulties to Zhang's team. When Zhang attacked Nanyang, he was defeated by Zuo Liangyu army and was injured. Fortunately, he was saved by his subordinate Sun Kewang, so he retreated to Gucheng (now Hubei) with his troops. Under the powerful offensive of loyalists, Zhang was in Gucheng and Luo Rucai was in Yunyang in order to preserve his strength.