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original text
Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn.
As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.
Three quatrains of crossing the Qing Palace is a set of poems by Du Mu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. These three poems satirize the present by borrowing from the past, and select typical events and scenes such as Tang Xuanzong spared no effort to supply litchi to Yang Guifei, being drunk for a long time by believing lies, An Lushan being Tang Xuanzong, and Yang Guifei dancing Hu Xuanwu, which not only skillfully summarizes the history, but also profoundly satirizes the reality and expresses the poet's great indignation at the supreme ruler's extravagance, extravagance and disaster to the country and the people. The whole poem is implicit and euphemistic, which means primate.
translate
Looking back on Chang 'an, Mount Li looks like a pile of magnificent scenery. On the top of the mountain, thousands of doors of Huaqing Palace opened in turn.
As soon as I rode, the smoke billowed and the princess smiled. No one knows that the south has sent litchi fresh fruit.
To annotate ...
(1) Huaqing Palace: "Yuanhe County Records": "Huaqing Palace is on Mount Li, and a hot spring palace was set up in the early eleventh year of Kaiyuan. Tianbao was changed to Huaqing Palace in six years. He also built the hall of eternal life, called Jilingtai, to worship the gods. "
⑵ Embroidered pile: Mount Li has East Embroidered Ridge on the right and West Embroidered Ridge on the left. Tang Xuanzong planted trees and flowers on the ridge of the field, which was lush.
⑶ Thousand gates: describe a magnificent palace with many gates at the top of the mountain. Second place: in turn.
(4) Red dust: This refers to flying dust. Concubine: Yang Guifei. Music history "Biography of Yang Taizhen": As the saying goes, "You can't take concubines with old music words when enjoying famous flowers!" "Biography of Li Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty": "My concubine likes litchi, and she must be born, so she rides it and travels thousands of miles, but her taste has not changed." "Supplement to Tang Shi": "Yang Guifei was born in Shu, loves litchi, and was born in. She is especially superior to Shu, so she flies forward every year. But if it is ripe in summer, it will be defeated, and future generations will not know it. " Press: This may be a freehand brushwork, intended to satirize Xuanzong's favorite concubine, and it is impossible to verify all the historical facts one by one. In the Tang Dynasty, the litchi in Lingnan could not be transported to Chang 'an, so Su Shi said, "At this time, litchi came from Fuzhou, not Lingnan" (Note on Ji Tang Looking in the Mirror). Litchi ripe season, Xuanzong imperial concubine is not in Lishan. Xuanzong entered Huaqing Palace every winter and October, and returned to Chang 'an the following spring. Chen Yinke, a close friend, also made textual research on the fallacy of Cheng's Archaeological Compilation.
5. Know is: a "know".
Creation background
These three poems were written by Du Mu when he passed the Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain. Huaqing Palace was built in the 11th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (723), where Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei had fun. Many poets in later generations have written poems about Huaqing Palace, among which Du Mu's Three Poems Crossing Huaqing Palace is one of the representative works.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem lashed out at the extravagant life of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei through the typical event of sending litchi, and its artistic effect was subtle, exquisite and well-known.
The first sentence describes the scenery of Mount Li where Huaqing Palace is located. The poet writes from the perspective of "looking back" in Chang 'an, just like a film photographer. First, he shows a broad and far-reaching panorama of Mount Li in front of the audience: lush trees, lush flowers and plants, palaces and castles stand among them, just like a beautiful group. "Embroidered Pile" not only refers to the East Embroidered Ridge and the West Embroidered Ridge on both sides of Mount Li, but also describes the beauty of Mount Li.
Then, the scene moved forward, showing the magnificent palace on the top of the mountain. The normally closed palace door suddenly opened slowly. Then there are two close-ups: outside the palace, an emissary is riding a horse, flying fast, raising clouds of red dust behind him; In the palace, the princess smiled. Several shots seem to be unrelated to each other, but they all contain the suspense carefully arranged by the poet: Why did the "Thousand Doors" open? Why did "One Ride" come? Why does "concubine" laugh? The poet deliberately kept silent until the tense and mysterious atmosphere made the reader want to know, and then implicitly and euphemistically revealed the mystery: "No one knew it was litchi." "Litchi" tells the whole story. "Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty": "My concubine loves litchi and wants to be born, so she rode it for thousands of miles, and her taste has not changed. She has arrived in the capital." Knowing this, the suspense in front was released at once, and those shots naturally merged.
The artistic charm of Du Mu's poems lies in its implication and profundity. In the poem, I don't understand that Xuanzong is dissolute and lustful, and the imperial concubine is arrogant and domineering, but the vivid contrast between "galloping the world of mortals" and "laughing at the noble concubine" has received much stronger artistic effect than directly expressing her opinions.
The word "princess laughs" has a profound meaning. This reminds us of the historical story of Zhou Youwang's bonfire drama The Prince in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zhou Youwang praised Bo Feizi, laughed it off, lit a bonfire, and led to the country's demise.
The word "unknown" is also thought-provoking In fact, "Litchi Lai" is not ignorant, at least "concubine" knows, "riding a horse" knows, and there is an emperor who is not named in the poem who knows better. This writing is to show that this matter is very important and urgent, and there is no reason for outsiders not to know. This reveals the absurdity of feudal emperors doing everything they can to please their favorite wives, which echoes the unusual atmosphere rendered earlier. This poem expresses the author's great indignation at the supreme ruler whose power is extravagant and unrestrained.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (803-853) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Mu Zhi, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), is the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. In the second year of Taihe (828), he was a scholar. He used to be an observer in Jiangxi, an aide to Niu Xiangu, an observer and an observer in Huainan. He used to be the censor, the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu. Later, he became Si Xun's foreign minister, and his official position was in the middle of the book. I think I have the talent to help the world. Most of these poems quote Chen's works. A lyric poem about the scenery is so beautiful and vivid. People call it Xiao Du, and Li Shangyin is collectively called Du Xiaoli, which is different from Li Bai and Du Fu. There are 20 volumes of Collected Works of Fan Chuan handed down from ancient times.