Brief introduction of Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng is one of the representatives of Huntian theory in the middle of Eastern Han Dynasty. He pointed out that the moon itself does not shine, and moonlight is actually a reflection of the sun's light; He also correctly explained the cause of the solar eclipse and realized the infinity of the universe and the relationship between the speed of planetary motion and the distance from the earth.
Zhang Heng [1] observed and recorded 2,500 stars, created the world's first celestial globe with light leakage, the first instrument for detecting earthquakes-the seismograph for waiting for the wind, and also made a south guide car, an automatic drum car, a wooden bird flying to Wan Li and so on.
Zhang Heng * * * is the author of 32 scientific, philosophical and literary works, among which astronomical works include Ling Xian and Ling Xian Tu.
In order to commemorate Zhang Heng's achievements, people named a crater on the back of the moon as "Zhang Heng Crater" and the asteroid 1802 as "Zhang Heng Asteroid".
Guo Moruo, a famous writer and historian in China in the 20th century, commented on Zhang Heng: "Such an all-round development figure is rare in world history, and it has been admirable for thousands of years."
Later people called Zhang Heng a wooden saint.
[Edit this paragraph] Biography of historical books
Zhang Hengchuan (from Ye Fan in the Later Han Dynasty)
Original text:
Zhang Heng, a native of Nanyang. Hengshan Mountain belongs to the literature and swims in the third auxiliary. Because when I entered the capital, I saw imperial academy, learned the Five Classics and thoroughly understood the Six Arts. Although only above the world, there is no arrogance. Often leisurely, it is not easy to make laymen. In Yongyuan, filial piety is not good, and even building a house is not good. The world is long, and since the princes are wasted. Heng Nai designated Ban Gu's Er Du Fu as Er Du Fu because of its satirical admonition. If you think about it carefully, you will succeed in ten years. General Deng Zhi is so talented that he shouldn't be called when he is tired.
Well-balanced and smart, especially thinking about astronomical yin and yang calendar calculation. Andy heard about Hengshan's medical skills and the characteristics of bus worshipping doctors, so he moved to Taishiling. So he studied Yin and Yang, made a wonderful machine, made an armillary sphere, and wrote Lingxian and Analects of Confucius, which were very detailed.
Beginning in Shun Di, it was restored to Taishiling. If you don't envy the present world, the officials of the world you live in will not migrate for several years. It has been five years since I left my post as a historian.
In the first year of Yangjia, the seismograph after the wind was rebuilt. It is made of copper and has a diameter of eight feet. It is covered and raised in the shape of a wine statue, a turtle decorated with seal script, a bird and a beast. All of them are pillars, eight-way, and the engine is turned off. There are eight dragons outside. The first one is a copper pill, and the next one is a toad. Open your mouth and accept it. Its teeth are cleverly made, all hidden in respect, and its coverage is endless. If there is an earthquake, the statue will shake the dragon, the machine will spit out pills and the toad will hold it. The vibration was so exciting that the waiters noticed it. Although Yilong started the engine, Qige didn't move, and the air was full of places that knew about the earthquake. Test it with something, it is like a god. Since it is recorded in the book, there is nothing left. After tasting the opportunity of Yi Long, I didn't know its meaning, and the scholars in the capital blamed it for its lack of levy. A few days later, the post arrived, and there was an earthquake in Longxi. Everyone was convinced. Since then, it has made historians remember what to do.
When political affairs are gradually damaged and power moves to the lower level, the balance is based on the past. ……
At the beginning, he was good at martial arts and described the ancestors of Xian Zong and Su Zongyin. Since ZTE, the Confucians have been fighting for the exotic and the beautiful, and the knowledge of map latitude and longitude has been accompanied by vicious words. Balance is illusory, not a saint's law, but a sparse law. ……
After moving clothes, the emperor led the way and satirized the discussion. Ask those sick and evil people in the world. Eunuchs are afraid of their own destruction, and they all see it in their eyes, and the scales are specious. I'm afraid I'll be castrated eventually, so I swear.
Always thinking about the body, thinking that good or bad depends on the body, which is difficult to understand. It was written as "Fu Xuan" to express feelings. (Introduction of the Company)
At the beginning of Yonghe, it was a river phase. At that time, the king was arrogant and disobeyed the constitution; How arrogant, * * * is not good. Weigh the car, rule the majesty, improve the statutes, know the name of the traitor by Yin, and gather birds for a while, which is called politics. For three years, I have written to beg for bones and worship ministers. In sixty-two, Yonghe died in four years.
When Cui Yuan wrote the exegesis of Zhou Guan, he thought that he could not be different from other Confucianism. People who want to say "Xun" and "Xiang" are incomplete according to Confucius' Book of Changes can't do it. There are 32 poems, including Fu, Ming, Seven-character poems, Lingxian poems, Yingxian poems, Seven-sided poems, poems and drawings.
[Edit this paragraph] The life of the character
Zhang Heng was born in a famous family. His grandfather, Zhang Kan, was called a holy boy since he was a child, and once gave his nephew a family heirloom worth millions. After Emperor Guangwu acceded to the throne, he recommended Zhang Kan to worship the official. Gongsun Shu used to be the prefect of Shu County, and together with Fu Han, he crusaded against Shu County and made great contributions. Later, he led the troops to crusade against the Huns and worshipped Yuyang (now near Beijing) as the satrap. Thousands of cavalry used to break the Huns' attack. Since then, during his tenure, the Huns have never dared to intrude. He also taught the people to farm and cultivated 8000 hectares of rice fields, which made the people rich. Therefore, some folk songs praised him, saying that "Junwei Zhang politics was overjoyed" and Zhang Kan was an honest official. When attacking Shu, he was the first to attack Chengdu, but he got nothing from the mountains of treasures left by Gongsun Shu. Shu County is known as Tianfu, but when Zhang Kan was transferred from the magistrate of Shu County, he took an old car with only a roll of cloth and a quilt.
Like his grandfather, Zhang Heng studied hard since childhood and was very literary. /kloc-left home to study abroad after 0/6. He first went to the then academic and cultural center Sanfu (now Xi, Shaanxi). The magnificent mountains and rivers in this area and the magnificent ruins of the ancient capital of Qin and Han dynasties provided him with rich literary creation materials. Later, he went to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There, he went to imperial academy, the highest institution of learning at that time, met Cui Yuan, a young scholar, and became close friends with him. Cui Yuan was a student of Jia Kui, a scholar and astronomer at that time. He was also proficient in astronomy, calendar and mathematics. In the 12th year of Yongyuan (A.D. 100), Zhang Heng was asked by Baode, the magistrate of Nanyang, to be the master book, in charge of clerical work. Eight years later, Baode was transferred to the capital and Zhang Heng resigned to live at home. During his stay in Nanyang, he devoted himself to astronomy, Yin and Yang, calendar calculation, etc., and repeatedly studied Xuan Jing by Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty. His fame in these aspects attracted the attention of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yongchuan (A.D.11), Zhang Heng was called to Beijing and became a doctor.
In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1 14), the merchants moved. The following year, I moved to Taishi Order. Later, he was transferred to other posts, but five years later, he was reinstated as Taishiling. In short, he held this position for 14 years, and many important scientific research work of Zhang Heng was completed during this period. In the second year of Yangjia in Shun Di (AD 133), he was promoted to assistant middle school. However, he was soon slandered by eunuchs. In the first year of Yu Yonghe (A.D. 136), he was transferred to Beijing as the photograph of Hejian Wang Liu Zheng. Liu is an arrogant and extravagant person who does not abide by the central code. Many local strongmen violate the law with him. After Zhang Heng took office, he was strict in law and discipline and cracked down on the strongmen, which made everyone respect him. Three years later, he asked Shun Di to retire, but the court made him an official. This is a bit strange, because the official position of Shangshu is much lower than that of Shi Zhong or Xiang, and it is not clear in history whether he applies or not. This year (Yonghe four years, that is, AD 139), he died.
Zhang Heng (? -179) the second generation Taoist Shi Tian. It's true. In the second year, Han Yongshou attacked the court (156). Reflection? Zhang Lu said, "If Ling dies, Jpua will go.". "The Fairy Mirror of Past Dynasties" (hereinafter referred to as "Fairy Mirror") says: Constant lack of knowledge, seclusion, and fame in the world. Exquisite cultivation to the Tao, not connected with the world. When the emperor heard about it, he wanted to be an assistant minister of Huangmen, but he quit. After the invasion, he lived in Pingyang Mountain (now Pengxian County, Sichuan Province) and proved the way of justice by teaching his disciples. The words are well-founded and clear, and the listeners feel it. In the first month of the second year of Guanghe (179), Fu Dezu Jian and his wife Lu gained enlightenment in Yangping Mountain. Lu said to his son, "Your ancestors took heaven and earth as their heart, all sentient beings as their thoughts, sincere respect for loyalty and filial piety as their foundation, and spared no evil in the world." . Heir to my teacher, no sincerity, no respect, no virtue, no loyalty, no loyalty to the country, no filial piety (see Han Shi Tian's Family). From the year of Zongyuan in Yuan Wu to Dayuan (1308), a gift was given to "Mrs. Zheng Yi's successor, who taught the wonderful Tao to be the true king". Taoism calls it an heir.
[Edit this paragraph] III. Historical figures (Sui Dynasty)
Zhang Heng was born in Hanoi (now Qinyang County, Henan Province) in the Sui Dynasty. His grandfather Zhang Ben was the prefect of Heyang in the Western Wei Dynasty, and his father Zhang Guang was the secretariat of Wanzhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Heng was originally an official of the Zhou Dynasty and an assistant minister of Simen in the early Sui Dynasty. Be cautious and smooth, and be concerned about the country and the people. During the reign of Emperor Kai, he led troops to suppress the uprising of Li Yinglin in Xizhou. Assist Yang Guang to ascend to the throne. When Emperor Yang-ti became emperor, he worshipped the suggestion and was extremely kind. Yang-ti was demoted and executed for expanding Fenyang Palace.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. Professor of Shandong Medical College
Male, born in June, 1942, from Anqiu City, Shandong Province. Professor, graduated from Shandong Medical College 1965. He was assigned to stay in the Department of Physiology of Shandong Medical College for more than 30 years. He has served as a teaching assistant, lecturer, associate professor and professor. 198 1- 1983 was admitted as a visiting scholar in the Department of Physiology, Einstein College of Medicine, USA for 2 years. In addition to teaching and scientific research, he has served as deputy director of the Department of Basic Medicine and director of scientific research department, and is now the vice president of Shandong Medical University. He is also a member of the Evaluation Committee of Scientific and Technological Achievements of the Ministry of Health, director chinese association for physiological sciences, member of the Medical Research Management Society of the Chinese Medical Association, vice chairman of the Shandong Physiology Society, vice chairman of the Shandong Pain Research Association, and vice chairman of the Shandong University Science and Technology Management Research Association. The research direction is respiratory neurophysiology and neurophysiology. He has published more than 60 papers and 5 monographs. Scientific research achievements have won many awards, such as the National Science Conference Award, the second prize of the Ministry of Health for scientific and technological progress, the Shandong Science Conference Award, and the Shandong Excellent Academic Achievement Award.
[Edit this paragraph] V. Craters and asteroids
The United Nations Astronomical Organization once named the asteroid 1802 in the solar system "Zhang Hengxing". People also named a crater on the back of the moon as "Zhangheng crater".