Original and translation of the model
Before the first emperor started his business, the middle road collapsed. Today he scored three points, and Yizhou was exhausted. This is a crucial autumn. But the guards worked tirelessly at home, and those who were loyal to their ambitions forgot to be outside, covering up the special experience of the former emperor and wanting to report to your majesty. Sincerely, it is advisable to open a holy court, with the honor of the late emperor and the spirit of the people. It is not advisable to belittle yourself, quote wrong words, and block the way of advice from loyal ministers.
In the palace, everything is an organic whole and should not be punished or denied. If there are criminals who are honest and kind, they should be rewarded by this department to show your majesty's understanding, and you should not favor one over the other, making the internal and external laws different.
Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. , are honest and sincere, are based on the advice of the first emperor left your majesty. Fools think that everything in the palace, big or small, should be discussed, and then implemented, which will make up for the vacancy and make a lot of profits.
General Xiang Chong, good character, good military. He tried it in the past, and the first emperor called it energy, which was supervised by the public. Fools think that knowing the situation of the camp and consulting them will definitely make the front line harmonious, and the advantages and disadvantages will be found.
Pro-sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. When the late Emperor was around, every time I talked to the minister about it, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know that I am the minister of Zhenliang's death sacrifice. I hope your majesty personally believes that the Han Dynasty is prosperous, and I can wait.
I was dressed in cloth and devoted myself to Nanyang. I risked my life in troubled times and didn't ask Wen Da to be a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and was grateful for what had happened in this world, so he promised the first emperor to drive him away. After the boat capsized, I was appointed as the defeated army and was ordered to face danger. I have been here for twenty years.
The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to be a minister in case of collapse. Since I was appointed, I have been sighing all night, fearing that my entrustment will not work, so as to hurt my knowledge. Therefore, Luzhou in May was deserted. Now that the south is settled, there is enough armor. Authorized by the three armies, the north settled in the central plains, the arrogance was completely destroyed, the traitors were completely eliminated, and the Han Dynasty was revived, still in the old capital.
The minister was therefore loyal to His Majesty and the first emperor. As for profit and loss, if you keep your word, you will be willing to do so. May your majesty entrust the effect of bringing the dead back to life to the minister, and if it doesn't work, punish the minister severely and tell the spirit of the first emperor.
If there are no words to promote virtue, blame you for being slow to show its blame; Your majesty also requires himself, seeks advice from others, is modest and courteous, and pursues the testamentary edict of the late emperor. I am very grateful. Stay away from it today, crying, I don't know what to say.
2. Translation
The great cause initiated by the first emperor was not abandoned halfway, but abandoned halfway. Now the world is divided into three countries, which means that Shu Han is weak and in a difficult situation. This is indeed a critical period for the country. However, the court attendants and officials in the guards did not slack off. Loyal and ambitious soldiers risked their lives on the battlefield, probably because they remembered the special kindness of the first emperor (the reason for the war).
Want to repay your majesty. (Your Majesty) You should really broaden the hearing of saints, carry forward the virtues left by the former emperor, and inspire the aspirations of people with lofty ideals. Don't underestimate your enemy, saying inappropriate words will block people's loyal persuasion. Palace ministers and court ministers are a whole, and there should be no reward or punishment.
If there are people who do evil and violate the law, or those who are loyal and good, they will be assessed by the competent officials to show that your majesty is fair and strict in handling state affairs, and there should be no selfishness, so that the reward and punishment methods in the palace and the court are different. Shi Zhong, assistant minister Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others are all kind, honest, honest and pure people, with the same ambition and mind.
Therefore, the first emperor chose them and left them to his majesty. I think everything in the palace, big or small, should be discussed with him, so that if it is implemented in the future, it can make up for the shortcomings and omissions. Get more benefits. General Xiang Chong is kind, fair and proficient in military affairs. When he was appointed, the first emperor praised him for his talent, so everyone discussed and elected him as the governor of the central region.
I think, if we discuss everything in the imperial camp with him, we will be able to unite the army into a whole, and everyone with his own strengths will be in his place. Being close to virtuous officials and alienating villains are the reasons for the prosperity of the former Han Dynasty. Being close to the villain and alienating the virtuous officials are the reasons for the decline of the later Han Dynasty.
When the first emperor was alive, whenever he talked to me about these things, he hated the corruption when the Emperor Huan and the Emperor Ling were in power without sighing. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, and the army are all honest, kind and conscientious ministers. I hope your majesty will get close to them and trust them, so the revival of the Han dynasty is just around the corner.
I was originally a civilian, plowing in Nanyang personally, surviving in troubled times, and I didn't want to be famous among princes. My late emperor didn't condescend to see me because of my humble position. He visited me in my cabin three times and asked me what I thought of the current events. I was so moved that I promised to help my late emperor.
It's been twenty-one years since the defeat, when you accepted the task, and when the situation was critical, you were ordered to go out. My late emperor knew that I was cautious and entrusted the affairs of state to me before he died.
Ever since I accepted death, I have been worried and sighing day and night. I was afraid that the great task entrusted to me by my late emperor could not be realized, which would damage my understanding of people, so I crossed the Lushui River in May and went deep into sparsely populated places.
Now that the south has been pacified and the troops and equipment are sufficient, I should encourage the generals and soldiers to pacify the Central Plains, hoping to exhaust my mediocre talents, eradicate the evil enemies, and entrust them with the heavy responsibility of reviving the Han Dynasty and returning to their old capital. This is my duty to repay my late emperor's loyalty to your majesty.
As for handling affairs, it is the responsibility of Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi and Dong Yun to consider the reasons and make suggestions without reservation. I hope your majesty can entrust me with the task of punishing Cao Wei and restoring the Han Dynasty. If you can't finish it, you will punish my sins, which will be used to comfort the spirit of my late emperor.
If there is no proposal to revitalize Shengde, blame Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others for their negligence. Expose their mistakes; Your majesty should also plan by himself, offer advice without reservation, adopt correct remarks, and deeply remember the teachings left by the late emperor. I can't thank you enough
Today (I) will bid farewell to your majesty's long journey. I can't help crying in the face of this performance, and I don't know what I said.
3. Author: Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms period?
Extended information 1. Creation background
In the first year of Zhangwu in the middle of Shu (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and Zhuge Liang became prime minister. In the first year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty (223), Liu Bei died of illness and entrusted Liu Chan to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang implemented a series of correct political and economic measures, which made the territory of Shu and Han prosperous.
In order to achieve national reunification, after quelling the rebellion in the south, Zhuge Liang decided to attack Wei in the north in the fifth year of Jianxing (227), intending to seize Wei's Chang 'an. Before leaving, he wrote to his master, that is, this "model".
Second, appreciate
This table is mainly about discussion, narrative and lyrical. After persuasion with sincere and euphemistic words, it is mainly an open and honest conversation, strict rewards and punishments, and distant relatives, in order to revive the Han Dynasty and return to the old capital; At the same time, I also express my loyalty to my country. The full text is written in four sentences, without resorting to flowery rhetoric or quoting ancient allusions.
With sincere words and in view of the situation at that time, "Example" repeatedly advised Liu Chan to carry on the legacy of his late master Liu Bei, open a shrine, reward and punish strictly, and stay away from his relatives, so as to complete the great cause of "revitalizing the Han Dynasty", showing Zhuge Liang's strong will to "set the Central Plains in the north" and his unswerving character of loyalty to Shu Han.
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8) was born in Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province) and was an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor during the Three Kingdoms period. In his early years, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Xiangyang.
After Liu Bei arrived at the thatched cottage, Zhuge Liang was invited to come out, but Sun Lian resisted Cao and was defeated by Battle of Red Cliffs. Formed the trend of the Three Kingdoms and captured Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs.
Liu Chan, the ruler in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was made the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd. Diligent and prudent, big and small political affairs must be personally done, and rewards and punishments are strict; Make an alliance with Wu Dong to improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China; Carry out the reclamation policy and strengthen combat readiness. Most of the six northern expeditions to the Central Plains were based on grain.
Eventually, due to overwork, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the twelfth year of Jianxing in Shu at the age of 54. Liu Chan made him a loyal minister, and later generations often called him Zhuge Liang by Wuhou. Because of his military ability, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing.
As a prime minister, Zhuge Liang knows well: "The house leaks when it rains all night, stopping at the top, leaking at the top, and not staying at the bottom." He not only took the lead in building a clean government and raised a banner, but also regarded the building of a clean government as an important political and legal construction, which had a great impact on all aspects of politics, economy, military and culture in Shu and Han dynasties.
The construction of clean government in Zhuge Liang's period was first manifested in strictly controlling the scale of Miyagi and Hui Ling in Shu Han. During Zhuge Liang's reign, young queens often wanted to fill the harem. Dong Yun, who was in charge of palace affairs at that time, thought that there were only twelve emperors and queens in ancient times, but now that wives and concubines already existed, it was not appropriate to hire more, so he refused to listen.
Zhuge Liang created a clean and honest political atmosphere in the upper class of Shu Han. Taking Zhuge Liang as an example, officials in the middle of Shu started a complete era of clean government by being thrifty and abstaining from extravagance.
Zhuge Liang's legislation is open and law enforcement is fair, which is different from the contemporary feudal legal trend of thought. In the first year of Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, Yizhou, and established the Shu-Han regime. Yizhou was ruled by Liu Zhang in the past, so the laws and regulations were abolished, local factions became stronger and stronger, and the strong intervention of Liu Bei's ruling group undermined quite a few people's attempts to dominate the southwest.
In this case, the Shuhan regime, as a Hakka regime, is facing the obstruction of the old Yizhou forces. Faced with this situation, Zhuge Liang believes that this is not the resentment left by harsh laws and heavy punishments, but that the Shu and Han dynasties were built on long-term relaxation of laws and regulations, which led to confusion between officials and people and disorder of "discipline".
Zhuge Liang repeatedly warned and emphasized the importance of law in the process of governing the country. "One person for one person, one million people, sharpening their knives and collecting interest, paying attention to listening, and those who dare not look up are made by the legal system." .
Not only that, Zhuge Liang further emphasized the serious consequences of not governing the country according to law from the opposite side. "If there is no punishment, it is rude. Although there is a world, the world is rich, and those who can't avoid customs will come to fight. " A husband rewards and punishes with the punishment of his husband, but people can't disobey his orders, such as Sun Wu and busy. Therefore, the order can't be light, and the feelings can't be passed. "
Therefore, after Zhuge Liang entered Shu, he, together with Fazheng, Liu Ba, Li Yan and Li Ji, added or deleted the old laws of Qin and Han Dynasties, and * * * formulated the Shu Code. In addition, he personally drafted dozens of various commandments and laws, such as the Eight Cardinals, Seven Commandments, Six Fears and Five Fears. ?
Zhuge Liang took advantage of Hanzhong's economic conditions and took a series of effective measures during his stay in Hanzhong, developing production according to local conditions and persuading agriculture, and basically solved the military resources of the Northern Expedition on the spot. After Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu-Han army was losing ground, and Wei Jun also "took a lot of books and grain" in Shu camp. This just shows the effect of Zhuge Liang's persuasion of agriculture and military reclamation.
When the local people live well, they can attract more people, make Hanzhong, a vast and sparsely populated city, develop again, gradually achieve a virtuous circle of more people and more food, and let the people "live and work in peace and contentment". Water conservancy projects such as "He Shan Dam" built by Zhuge Liang are still the largest irrigation projects in Hanzhong area.
Zhuge Liang is good at running the army, first of all, the Meiji Army. Second, take the letter as the foundation. Zhuge Liang believed in running the army. Zhuge Liang believes that "faith means keeping promises", that is to say, "faith" means doing what you say, doing what you say, and doing what you say.
A dishonest man breaks his word. If he doesn't know how to keep his promise, the battle will surely fail. If there are laws that cannot be enforced, even millions of people will be useless. On the other hand, if soldiers are inspired by faith, there will be no soldiers who don't work hard.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang emphasized that running the army should be based on faith. "The husband should unify the martial arts division and take great faith as the foundation." ? "Based on credit, as far as rewards and punishments are concerned, Zhuge Liang thinks that rewards and punishments are trustworthy, because if rewards and punishments are used to judge merits and demerits, foot soldiers will know to keep their promises; As far as the generals are concerned, Zhuge Liang believes that the so-called loyalty means "reward if you enter, punish if you retreat, reward without exceeding the time, and punish without being expensive." "
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