Water conservancy projects in Qianhe

Fengjiashan Reservoir is a large-scale water conservancy project built by Baoji City mainly for water storage and irrigation, but also for flood control, breeding, power generation and other comprehensive uses. The reservoir is located at the end of the middle reaches of Qianhe River, and the hub dam is located in the Qianhe Gorge between Laoye Ridge in Fengjiashan Village, Qiaozhen Township, Chencang District (formerly Baoji County) and Songjiabao in Changqing Township, Fengxiang County. The end of the reservoir ends at Qianhe Bridge in Qianyang County, with a length of about 20 kilometers (the territory is 15 kilometers long and the water surface is 1,415 square kilometers). The backwater flows from the dam directly to Qianyang City, which is about 17.50 kilometers long, and can control the Qianshui River Basin area of ​​3,232 square kilometers. Thousands of square kilometers. The reservoir submerged the Qianhe valley and river channel at the intersection of Qianyang, Fengxiang and Baoji counties, with the maximum water surface reaching 17.75 square kilometers. The total storage capacity is 389 million cubic meters, and the effective storage capacity is 286 million cubic meters. In addition to the dam, the hub also has water conveyance tunnels, flood discharge tunnels, spillway tunnels, emergency spillways, hydropower stations and other projects. The reservoir supplies irrigation water for 1,368,260 acres of cultivated land in seven counties including Baoji, Fengxiang, Qishan, Fufeng, Meixian, Qianxian and Yongshou. Fengjiashan Reservoir started construction in July 1970 and was basically completed in 1981.

The Wangjiaya Canal-Reservoir Combined Project (including Wangjiaya Reservoir) is a medium-sized water conservancy project integrating diversion and storage established by Shaanxi Province. It was built across Qianhe River for the main canal of the Baoji Gorge Weiwei Irrigation Project. The dam spans the Qianhe River Valley, starting from Chencang District (formerly Baoji County) in the west, Wangjiaya in Shiyangmiao Township, and ending in Chandong in Qianhe Township in the east. The top is 1816 meters long and 25 meters high. The main canal passes longitudinally from the top of the dam, and water is stored upstream of the dam. The water source is diverted from the main canal to fill the reservoir, and regulated from the upstream Fengjiashan Reservoir. The total storage capacity is 96 million cubic meters, and the effective storage capacity is 64.2 million cubic meters. In addition to the dam, spillway and water discharge tunnel, the hub project also has an inlet channel to divert water into the reservoir and a post-dam pumping station for pumping water into the manway. When the water from the Wei Canal is insufficient, water from the reservoir is pumped out to the canal to adjust the water volume and ease the contradiction between supply and demand. Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty recorded in "Records of Variation of River Water in Qianyi" that Qianhe River and its tributary Huihe River (Fengfang River) "are not widely cultivated in front of them, and there are many obstructions. Both rivers are small streams, and there is no risk of wading. Later." The roads in Guanshan are open, but the springs are sparse, and the water rushes around the west city. Those who know how to prevent it fail to catch it!" This is a description of the causes of the flood that destroyed the county in the 26th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1547). It can be seen that due to the destruction of vegetation, the river water has become larger and larger, causing flash floods and causing disasters. According to records, flood disasters in Qianyang's history have continued to intensify. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, flood control projects began to be constructed.

In Qianyang County, from 1964 to 1965, 237,300 projects were invested in construction, and more than 40 T-shaped dams, flood control embankments, diversion embankments, and diversion dams were built, with a total earthwork volume of 62,200 cubic meters. From 1973 to 1977, 1.74 million projects were invested in building 39.8 kilometers of north-south flood control embankments of the Qianhe River, 2.4 kilometers of diversions into the Qianhe River, 19 diversion buildings, 195 T-shaped dams in dangerous sections, and a total earthwork volume of 899,000 cubic meters. , with a total investment of 805,000 yuan. Management of first-level tributaries of Qianhe River. The first-level tributaries of Qianhe River such as Xihegou and Fengfang River in the urban area have all been treated.

In Chencang District (formerly Baoji County), Qianhe River has two reservoirs, Fengjiashan and Wangjiaya, to detain and regulate floods. This is the key to controlling the lower reaches of Qianhe River. Above the Wangjiaya Reservoir, there are Qiaozhen Township and Jiacun Township on the right bank, and Changqing Township, Fengxiang County, on the left bank; below, Shiyangmiao Township on the right bank, and Qianhe Township on the left bank. Shiyangmiao and Qianhe townships have governed Qianhe for a long time. Conflicts often occur over disputes over beach and silt land. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, incidents still occurred. In 1965, the county government made a plan and set the embankment distance at 200 meters, ending the dispute over the beach. By 1987, Shiyangmiao Township had built 7.9 kilometers of embankments from Wangjiaya to where Qianhe River enters the Weiwei; Qianhe Township had built 6.3 kilometers of embankments from Wangjiaya to the railway bridge. Due to broken embankments and poor quality, they are often destroyed. From March 1974 to September 1976, Qiaozhen Township built a 2.9-kilometer embankment from Shanghe Village to Liucun, and built a lead wire cage dam (with about 300 cubic meters of stone). Later, 2.5 kilometers were destroyed by water and the dam no longer exists. . It was later renovated, and in 1987 there were 2.39 kilometers of embankments. In the section from Zhangjiazhai to Wangjiaya in Jiacun Town, embankments were built in the mid-1970s to protect orchards, but they were destroyed by water. 0.5 kilometers of existing embankments and 8 short bank protection dams have been repaired. Shengyuan Canal, from "Jiu Yu Ji" written by Zheng Shifan of the Qing Dynasty: "The Shengyuan Canal in the Tang Dynasty diverted thousands of water to rise up to the plateau and existed in the Northern Song Dynasty.

"In the Tang Dynasty, the Shengyuan Canal diverted the Qianhe River from Changqing Linghua, and headed southeast, passing through the present-day Huajiaobao, Shijiajiaowo, Shantougou, and the east of Luobosi Village, from the north of Xiaohaizi Village to Huangyuan, and irrigated the present-day Yinjiajia, South The farmland in the command area is about 25 kilometers long, and the ruins of the sand are about 10 meters wide. There are main water canals (the ruins are in the west, middle and north of Yedong Village) and water storage buildings such as Dahaizi and Xiaohaizi (today's along the Village name). When the Qianhe water diversion project was built in 1966, and the Fengjiashan Reservoir main channel was built in 1972, many ancient canal relics were discovered in Liujiatai, Luobo Temple, Gaozuitou, Huajiaobao and other places.

Ducun Canal is located in Doucun, Hanfeng Township. It directly irrigates more than 100 acres of land from the upper reaches of Qianhe River. It is about 2 kilometers long.

Liujia River Canal diverts water from Liujia River to irrigate more than 30 acres of land.

Changqing Canal diverts water from Qianhe River to irrigate more than 40 acres of flat land.

Sunjia Nantou Canal diverts water from Qianhe River to irrigate more than 50 acres of land.

Chengguo Canal. , "Shui Jing Zhu" records: "... the Guo Canal was opened by Wei Shangshu Zuopu and Wei Zhen to conquer Shu. It was named Cheng Guo Canal and was used to water the old fields. Its drain carried the Mishui water to the east of Chencang. Dongjingmei and the north of Wugonghuaili County,... "Book of Jin Shihuo Zhi" records: "The Guocheng Canal was opened from Chencang to Huaili; it was built near Jinpi, and more than 3,000 hectares of land were diverted from Miluo to Luo for irrigation and cooking." "Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan" records: "In the first year of Qinglong, the country's canal was pierced, Lin Jinpi was built, thousands of hectares of fields were irrigated, and the country was enriched." "The traces have been abandoned for a long time. It remains to be examined.

Limin Canal is located in the Sichuan Road area east of Qianhe and west of Guo Town. It was built in the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty (1488-1505) and went through the Ming, Qing and Republic of China. A small irrigation project in the third generation. It is recorded in the "Baoji County Annals" since the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty that the water source comes from Gaozuitou, Changqing Township, Fengxiang County, along the left bank of the Qianhe River, passing through Yangjiagou and Sijiaya. , Weijiaya and Fengjiazui, then turned eastward through Huijiawan and Wangoubao and headed south to Wei. In the 29th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1764), the area benefited the most, with “more than 100 hectares of irrigated land” (equivalent to more than 10,000 acres today). ). The rise and fall were uncertain. By the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the irrigated area was 2,400 acres. In the spring of the 13th year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1735), Prince Guo inspected the Limin Canal and built it. He wrote a poem and erected a stele. The poem stele was engraved with: "The prefect opened the canal for the benefit of the people, and the envoy stopped to write a poem. So that I can cultivate my southern acres diligently, and encourage my children and grandchildren to follow the rules of filial piety and respect. "In July 1982, the Baoji County People's Government listed the poem stele as a protected cultural relic, and it stood beside the lime kiln in the west of Weijiaya Village, Qianhe Township. In 1987, the county's water conservancy workers also found the 13th year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty and the 50th year of Qianlong's reign. There are one three-character monuments for "Limin Canal" in 2011, which were erected beside it. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the area from Yangjiagou to Fengjiazui of the original Limin Canal was successively built in 1954. It was replaced by five canals including the Baoqian River Canal, the East First Main Canal of the Qianhe Pumping Irrigation Project built by Baoji City in 1967, and the main main canal of the Baojixia Weiwei Irrigation Project built in 1970. p>The Fengjiashan Reservoir Baoji County Irrigation Canal System is divided into two irrigation areas: east and west. The east irrigation area is located east of Qianhe. It irrigates Baoji, Fengxiang, Qishan, Fufeng, Qianxian, Yongshou and other counties. ** *The facilities area is 1.215 million acres, of which the county's facility area is 132,000 acres. The main canal is the link between the irrigation areas. The designed water diversion flow is 36 cubic meters per second. It is connected to the stilling tank at the outlet of the Fengjiashan Reservoir hub water tunnel and the lower edge. On the left bank of the Qianhe River, it passes through Fengxiang County and flows into the county at Milestone 18. It is 14.548 kilometers long and exits the county boundary at Milestone 33. It reenters Fengxiang County and flows eastwards. Baoji and Fengxiang counties have a total length of 12,600 meters. The front section is 7,687 meters long and is located on the right side of the main canal in the county. There are a total of 3 branch canals, namely 4, 5 and 6, with self-flow irrigation of 54,700 acres; There are two water pumping stations in Gaoli and Zhangxie, with a pumping and irrigation area of ​​77,300 acres. The West Irrigation District is located on the right bank of Qianhe River and controls the original areas and plateaus of Qiao Town, Jiacun, Panlong, Jinhe, and Shiyangmiao. There are 152,000 acres of sloping farmland. The West Main Canal Project is the link between the main canal of Fengjiashan Reservoir and a water diversion system with a flow rate of 5 cubic meters per second. The inverted rainbow project has 5 pumping stations with a total lift of 312 meters, 4 tunnels with a total length of 2295 meters, and 6 branch canals at different elevations in the Western Main Canal to divert water to the Western Irrigation Area. A private high-lift pumping irrigation project built in this county began in the winter of 1970 and was completed in 1980. By 1987, five of the six branch canals had been completed.

Among them, the bucket canals belonging to the first and second branch canals are basically complete, and part of the diversion canal has been built and protected; the bucket canals belonging to the third and fourth branch canals are under construction. Due to the high lift in the irrigation area, it consumes a lot of electricity (watering once per mu, the electricity bill is as high as 4 to 6 yuan). Crop planting is monotonous, and farmers are unwilling to irrigate. The actual irrigation area over the years has been up to 22,000 acres, accounting for only 15% of the facility area. In 1953, Chandong and Chanxi Villages, Qianhe Township, Chencang District (formerly Baoji County), diverted water from Qianhe River and used wooden propeller turbines to build the county's first hydropower station in Zhangjiaya, which was later abandoned.