Comprehensive information on the southern region

The southern region refers to the southern part of the monsoon area in eastern China. It is one of the four major geographical divisions in China today. It is mainly the area south of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line. It is bounded by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the west and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the east and south. The Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea, the mainland coastline length accounts for more than 2/3 of the country's length.

The administrative division includes most of Jiangsu, most of Anhui, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, most of Yunnan, Guizhou, eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, southern Shaanxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hong Kong , Macao, Hainan, Taiwan, southeastern Gansu and Xinyang City and Nanyang City in Henan.

Its area accounts for about 25% of the country’s land area, and its population accounts for about 52% of the country’s population, with Han people accounting for the majority. There are more than 30 ethnic minorities in the region, with a population of more than 50 million. They are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Guangxi, Qiong and other places. The larger ones are Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Buyi, Dong, Bai, Hani, Dai, Li and other ethnic groups. Basic introduction Chinese name: Southern Region Foreign name: South China Alias: South China Administrative Region Category: Geographical division Region: Southern China Regions under jurisdiction: Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Qiong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Telephone area codes of Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hong Kong, etc.: 020, 021, 023, 025, 027, 028, 0571, 0755, etc. Postal area codes: 200000, 210000, 310000, 510000, 610000, etc. Geographical location: Qinling-Huaihe River South, east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (including the southeastern part of the Hengduan Mountains) Area: about 2.4 million square kilometers Population: about 720 million Dialects: Southwest Mandarin, Jianghuai Mandarin, Wu, Xiang, Cantonese, Min, etc. Climate conditions: subtropical monsoon climate, tropical Monsoon climate, equatorial monsoon climate Famous scenic spots: The Bund, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Huangshan, West Lake, Baiyun Mountain, Gulangyu Island, Dujiangyan, Sun Moon Lake, etc. Airports: Pudong Airport, Tianhe Airport, Baiyun Airport, Shuangliu Airport, Lukou Airport, Xiaoshan Airport, etc. Railway Station: Shanghai Hongqiao Station, Guangzhou South Railway Station, Nanjing South Railway Station, Wuhan Station, Chengdu East Railway Station, Hangzhou East Railway Station, etc. License plate codes: Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Hunan, Qiong and other major cities: Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Han, and Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau Institutions of higher learning: Wuhan University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Zhejiang University, and Zhejiang University Tallest building: Shanghai Tower (632 meters) Country of affiliation: Analysis of the concept of the People's Republic of China, Concept of natural division, concept of administrative division, topography, topography, topography, climate characteristics, basic characteristics, summer monsoon, Kunming quasi-stationary front, specific classification, hydrological conditions, rivers, lakes, agriculture, transportation, traditional culture, resource advantages, main Industrial zone, conceptual analysis of the concept of natural zoning. The "southern region" of the concept of natural zoning refers to the southern part of the monsoon region in eastern China, mainly referring to the Jiuzhou region of Han Dynasty south of the Qinling-Huaihe line, bordering the East China Sea to the east and the South China Sea to the south. Including most of Jiangsu, most of Anhui, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, most of Yunnan, Guizhou, eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, southern Shaanxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, Hainan, Taiwan, and the southernmost part of Gansu , Nanyang and Xinyang areas in Henan. The area accounts for about 25% of the country, and the population accounts for about 55% of the country, with Han people accounting for the majority. Ethnic minorities with larger populations mostly live in the southwest and south-central regions. There are more than 30 ethnic minorities in the region, with a population of more than 50 million. They are mainly distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Qiong and other places. The larger ones are Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Buyi, Dong and Bai, Hani, Dai, Li and other ethnic groups. China's Natural Zoning It is a generally accepted view in academic circles that the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line is the northern boundary of the "Southern Region". In 1908, Zhang Xiangwen, the former first president of the Geosciences Society of China, proposed for the first time in his "New Geographical Literature" that "Beiling Huai River" was my country's "north-south dividing line" from the perspective of natural geographical divisions. At that time, the North Ridge corresponding to the South Ridge was the Qinling Mountains. Most contemporary scholars believe that the "Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River" is not simply the "geographic dividing line between north and south of China", but the "geographic and climatic dividing line between north and south China" (referred to as the "north and south dividing line of China"). Because the concept of natural zoning is widely used in primary school education in China, this entry is mainly based on the concept of natural zoning. The southern region based on natural divisions Administrative division concept The scope of the southern region based on the administrative division concept roughly includes the southeast, central south and southwest regions. Including Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau. There are varying degrees of differences with natural divisions. The areas south of Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi, Xinyang, Nanyang and other areas in Henan, and the southern end of Gansu belong to the southern region of natural divisions; the northern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, Tibet, western Sichuan, and the northern end of Yunnan do not belong to natural divisions. Zoned Southern Region. Topography Topography The terrain of this area is high in the west and low in the east. The topography is plain, basin and plateau, located on the second and third steps, intertwined with hills. There are many rivers and lakes in the plain area, and the water network is crisscrossed, which has the characteristics of a typical southern water town. Most of the mountainous and hilly areas have lush vegetation and beautiful scenery.

Terrain: The terrain in the southern region varies greatly from east to west, mainly on the second and third steps. The eastern plains and hills are vast. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain are the lowest plains in my country, with crisscrossed river branches and dotted with lakes. The hills in the south of the Yangtze River are the largest hills in my country. , mostly with northeast-southwest trending low mountains and valley basins alternately distributed; magmatic rocks are widely distributed in the Nanling area; the west is dominated by plateaus and basins, and the Sichuan Basin (with the Chengdu Plain in the northwest, also known as the "Land of Abundance") is One of the four major basins in my country; the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau has a rugged surface and is the most typical region with karst landforms in the world. The mountainous "bazi" is the main local farming area; the Hengduan Mountains and the Qinling Mountains are important geographical boundaries in my country. The main terrain areas are: the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain (Jianghan, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Yangtze River Delta), Pearl River Delta Plain, Jiangnan Hills, Sichuan Basin, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountains, Nanling, Wuyi Mountains, Qinba Mountains, and central Taiwan Mountains, Guangdong and Guangxi hills, Dabie Mountains. Climate Characteristics Basic Characteristics The southern region is dominated by tropical and subtropical monsoon climate, with high temperatures and rainy summers and mild and dry winters. Among them, the tropical monsoon climate has high temperatures throughout the year and is divided into two seasons: dry and rainy. The precipitation is more than 800 mm, with more precipitation on the windward slopes of mountains. Taiwan's Huoshaoliao is the "rainiest place" in the country, with an average annual precipitation of 6,558 mm. The eastern coastal areas are greatly affected by typhoons in summer and autumn. The temperature in winter is above 0 degrees. Leizhou Peninsula, Yunnan and southern Taiwan and Hainan are above 15 degrees. Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan, and Taiwan are less affected by the cold wave. Summer monsoon: The southern region is greatly affected by the summer monsoon and has a long rainy season. The summer monsoon arrives from the coast of South China in May every year, and the rainy season begins. In June and July, the summer monsoon strengthens and moves northward, forming a Jianghuai quasi-stationary front with continuous rain, mainly affecting the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River Basin. Drought is likely to occur in July and August. In September, the rainfall front moves southward to this area. After October, the cold air force further strengthens, the summer monsoon moves out of this area, and the rainy season ends. In addition, the southwest region is often affected by the southwest monsoon. The Kunming quasi-stationary front is formed by the cold air and southwesterly airflow in the northern region being blocked by the terrain, and continuous rainy weather often occurs. It appears in the winter half of the year and is located between Kunming and Guiyang. Specific classification (1) Equatorial monsoon climate. Located in the South China Sea island area south of 10 degrees north latitude. The annual average temperature is above 26°C, the annual accumulated temperature reaches 9000°C, the temperature changes very little, and the rainfall is distributed evenly throughout the four seasons. (2) (Small part) Tropical monsoon climate. Including the southern part of Taiwan Province, Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island. The annual accumulated temperature is ≥8000℃, the average temperature of the coldest month is not less than 16℃, the annual extreme minimum temperature is not less than 5℃ on average for many years, the extreme minimum temperature is generally not less than 5℃, and there is no frost all year round. (3) Subtropical monsoon climate. It is mainly distributed in the area south of the Huaihe River in the Qinling Mountains in eastern my country, north of the tropical monsoon climate type, and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The average temperature of the coldest month in winter is around 0°C; the summer is hot, and the average temperature of the hottest month is greater than 22°C. Seasonal changes in temperature Remarkably, the four seasons are distinct. Annual precipitation is generally between 1,000 and 1,500 mm, with more rainfall in summer, but no obvious dry season. Compared with the temperate monsoon climate, the seasonal changes are basically similar, except that the winter temperature is relatively high and the annual precipitation increases. The annual accumulated temperature is between 4500~8000℃, and the average temperature of the coldest month is -8~0℃. It is the transition zone between the tropics and the temperate zone. The summer temperature is quite high (the average temperature of the climatic period is >=25℃, with at least 6 climatic periods, that is, 30 days). ). Hydrological conditions Rivers Under natural divisions, the main rivers include the main branches and tributaries of the Yangtze River, the main branches and tributaries of the Xijiang River, the Huaihe River, the Qiantang River, the Minjiang River, etc. Its main characteristics are large water volume, long flood season, low sand content, no freezing period, abundant water energy resources, and high shipping value. Among them, the Yangtze River is called the "golden waterway" because of its shipping value. Lakes There are many lakes in the south, most concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The main ones include Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake, etc. Poyang Lake: Located in the north of Jiangxi Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River, it is the largest freshwater lake in China and the second largest lake in China. Dongting Lake: Located in the northern part of Hunan Province, south of the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River, it is the third largest lake and the second largest freshwater lake in China (it was originally the largest freshwater lake, but due to continued shrinkage, it was relegated to the second largest freshwater lake). Taihu Lake: Located at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The third largest freshwater lake in China. Main agricultural commodity grain bases: Yangtze River Delta, Jianghuai Plain, Jianghan Plain, Chengdu Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Dongting Lake Plain, Pearl River Delta Economic crops in the southern region: sugar cane, rape, cotton, tea, etc. Crops in the southern region: rice is mainly in the south Sugar crops in the region: sugar cane Oil crops in the southern region: camellia oleifera, tung oil, rapeseed Land use in the southern region: paddy fields Transportation Inland water transportation includes: Yangtze River, Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, Huaihe River, Pearl River and other waterways. The land routes in the southern transportation map are mainly railways: North-south: Beijing-Shanghai (Beijing to Shanghai), Beijing-Guangzhou (Beijing to Guangzhou), Beijing-Kowloon (Beijing to Hong Kong Kowloon), Jiaoliu (Jiaozuo to Liuzhou), Chengdu-Kunming (Chengdu to Kunming), Baocheng (Baoji to Chengdu) and other east-west directions: Shanghai-Hangzhou-Zhejiang-Jiangxi-Hunan-Guizhou-Guizhou-Kunming, Nan-Kunming and other international airports include: Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Taipei, Hong Kong and other traditional cultural residences : Bamboo buildings, pavilions, Huizhou architecture, etc. Opera art: Kun Opera, Cantonese Opera, Huangmei Opera, Yue Opera, Bai Ju Opera, Yang Opera, etc. Handicrafts: Yun brocade, Shu embroidery, Su embroidery, Yang embroidery, etc.

Resource advantages non-ferrous metals - tungsten from Dayu in Jiangxi, copper from Dexing, antimony from Hunan Tin Mine, lead and zinc from Shuikou Mountain, aluminum from Pingguo, Guangxi, mercury from Tongren, Guizhou, copper from Dongchuan, Yunnan, and Xinyang Shang from Gejiu Tianti Non-Metal Minerals is the largest non-metallic mineral gas field in Asia - Puguang Gas Field in Dazhou, Sichuan, which is the largest gas field in Asia. Steel - Sichuan Panzhihua, Hubei Daye, Anhui Ma'anshan, Hainan Shilu, Wuhan Coal - less. Huainan in Anhui, Liupanshui in Guizhou, and southern Luzhou in Sichuan are rich in water energy.

Three Gorges, Gezhouba, Geheyan, Danjiangkou, Ertan, Yantan, Wuqiangxi, Wujiangdu, Shuikou Nuclear Energy - Zhejiang Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, Guangdong Daya Bay, Ling'ao Nuclear Power Station Forest Resources - Southwest Forestry Area and Southeast Plantation Forest Major Industries Zone 1. The industrial belt along the Yangtze River, the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou Industrial Zone, is China’s largest comprehensive industrial base 2. The Pearl River Delta is the industrial base of China’s light industry 3. The southern coastal export-oriented industrial belt 4. Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, Chengde Mian Industrial Belt 5, Wuhan Urban Circle 6, Wanjiang Urban Belt