Who are the three people referred to by the Third Hospital of Public Security?
Yuan Zongdao
(1560 ~ 1600) The word Boxiu is called Pan Yu and Shipu. Ming Dynasty writer, Ming Huguang public security (now Hubei) people. In the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589), he won the top prize in the examination, and Jishi Shu was selected as the editor, and the official was the right bastard. One of the initiators and leaders of the "Public Security School", together with Hongdao and Zhonglu brothers, is called "Sanyuan". Jingzhou police. In the 14th year of Wanli (1586), the Ministry of rites won the first place in the senior high school entrance examination, and the following year was edited by the Hanlin Academy and awarded to Jishi Shu. In the heyday of the retro school, Bai Juyi and Su Shi were singled out and became one of the representatives of the * * * An school. In August of the twenty-fifth year of Wanli, imperial academy wrote that the East Palace was an official, "The cock crows in, and the cold and the heat are endless". In the autumn of twenty-eight years of Wanli, I was exhausted in Beijing. 4 1 year. Guangzong succeeded to the throne as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. In literature, he not only opposed the imitation of retro, but also paid attention to learning the spirit of "ancient prose is precious" of predecessors, and published two papers successively, which occupies an important position in the history of China literature and still has certain progressive significance. These two papers refute the fallacy that before and after the "Seven Scholars" violated the law of literary development, advocated retrogression in plagiarism, and advocated that writers should "learn from students and literature". In the 26th year of Wanli, Sanyuan * * * initiated the organization of "Pu Tao Society" in Guo Chong Temple in the western suburbs of Beijing, and wrote poems to attack the "Seven Sons". Fresh and beautiful, steady and peaceful. 15 years, worked as an official in the East Palace, "keeping friends for simple entertainment" and "not accepting money from others". After his death, he had only a few pieces of gold in his pocket and could hardly be buried. He is the author of the 22-volume Su Su Zhai Ji. Unlike others, most of his poems and essays are spontaneous and sincere. His representative works include Tan Shan Yi, Fang Shang Shan and Xiao Xi Tian Yi, but his works, like Yuan Hongdao, lack content, which is also caused by his creative thoughts.
Gokurakuji tourism
The water of the high beam bridge comes from a stream deep in the western hills and flows into the Yu He River. A thousand horses are trained in vain, and the water is slightly prosperous, if it is ribbed paper. The dike is in the water, sandwiched by two waves, four rows of green willows and countless ancient leaves. The shade of a tree can cover several seats, and the vertical line is more than ten feet long. There are many Buddhist temples in the north of the bank, and Zhumen Temple stretches for dozens of miles. Far away from the trees, there are clusters of trees, and between the trees are rice fields. Xishan is like a bun, and water comes out of the forest. Gokurakuji can climb the bridge for three miles, and the path is not bad. The horse is in the shade. If Zhang Gai. Pick some pine trees in front of the temple. Pine trees are fresh, green and yellow. If the spots are peeled off, they can be about seven or eight times. Huang and I have been here in our spare time. The Jade Emperor Zhong Langyun said, "This place is as small as Qiantang Su Causeway." Li Si also agreed. I dreamed for a long time because I lamented the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. When can I be crowned as a guest under the Six Bridges? I will have an emotional estrangement from this landscape! It is the day, and each rhyme is given a poem.
Golden fairy crown: a cloth crown worn by ancient cowards. This refers to the crown worn by civil servants. Six bridges; There are six bridges on the Su Causeway of West Lake, namely Yingbo, Suolan, Wangshan, Dike, Dongpu and Guohong.
In his spare time, taking two or three friends and enjoying the rural scenery in the suburbs is undoubtedly a spiritual relief for Yuan Zongdao, who has to make a living in the officialdom. Therefore, the focus of his attention is not the Zhumen Kuangdian, but the scenery on the road: practicing thousands of horses for nothing, and the mountains are like buns; The beautiful and quiet scene, perhaps somewhat similar to Qiantang Su Causeway, can't help but make the author of "Being in the Wei Que, My Heart is in the Forest" moved by it, and send out a kind of "When will I fall into the fairy pass and make a guest appearance under the Six Bridges, and forget this landscape for the time being?"
Yuan Hongdao
brief introduction
(1568 ~ 16 10) was a writer in the Ming dynasty, the head coach of the "Public Security School" and the second brother of Yuan Zongdao. Words are good, words are not learned, and teachers are good. Jingzhou public security (now Hubei) people.
Yuan Hongdao has no intention of official career. In the twenty years of Wanli (1592), he was a scholar, but he didn't want to be an official, so he went to study with his teacher and traveled around the mountains and rivers. Resigned from Wuxian county magistrate, played in Suzhou and Hangzhou, and wrote many famous travel notes, such as Tiger Hill and First Arriving at West Lake. He was born to love the natural landscape and even ventured to board. He once said, "Take care of your body and your life, so why travel around?" "It's better to die in Leng Shi than in bed." (From Kaixian Temple to Huangyan Temple Waterfall) In the process of climbing near the water, his thoughts were liberated, his personality was publicized, and his enthusiasm for literary creation was particularly high.
all one's life
In the 26th year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (1598), Yuan Hongdao received a letter from his brother Yuan Zongdao, who was working in Beijing, asking him to go to Beijing. He had to restrain his interest in traveling and came to Beijing, where he was awarded Professor Shun Tianfu. In the second year, he was promoted to teaching assistant in imperial academy. This article (Travel Notes of Man Jing) was written in the spring of this year.
Yuan Hongdao was born in Huguang Public Security (Hubei Public Security). The cold in the northland somewhat hindered his interest. The first paragraph of the article wrote about the distress of wanting to swim. Early spring and February is not strange to northerners, but it is unbearable for a person who grew up in Jiangnan. The author rationally knows "Yan Dihan", but "After the Flower Festival, the residual cold is still thick" is his personal feeling and experience. The word "Yu" and the word "Jude" set each other off to describe the situation in which the cold current refused to stop. So, what is its specific performance? The author describes it in extremely concise language: "When it is frozen, it will fly sand and stones." Saying "cold wind" instead of "cold wind" is to illustrate the degree of cold, and also shows the author's sensitivity to "cold in the wild". In such bad weather, we had to "squeeze into a room and go out." From the perspective of "every time I take an adventure in the wind, I don't know how many times I have tried, but I have no choice but to return".
Yuan Zhongdao
(1570- 1623) was a writer in the Ming dynasty. Minor repairs. Hubei police. One of the leaders of the "Public Security School", the younger brother of Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Hongdao. 16-year-old scholar, self-proclaimed hero, generous personality, love to make friends, read books on Buddhism in Laozi and Zhuangzi. As an adult, I took the imperial examination, and after many twists and turns, I became a scholar in Wanli. He was once a professor in Huizhou Prefecture, a doctor in imperial academy, and a doctor in Nanjing Official Department. What is less is writing, and what is more is heroic. His brother, who has a literary name of "Sanyuan", is also from the public security school. Its performance is slightly inferior to Hongdao. Oppose retro and imitation, and think that literature changes with the changes of the times, "there is no article that remains unchanged for a hundred years"; Advocating truth and expressing spirit. In his later years, he put forward the idea of emphasizing spirit and style in view of the disadvantages of slang. Prose is the best way to create, and travel notes, diaries and letters have their own characteristics. The travel notes are described in detail, the scenes are mixed, and the diary is well written, which has a certain influence on the diary prose of later generations. His poems are occasionally concerned about the sufferings of people's livelihood, and they are also fresh. However, the thought of poetry and prose is relatively flat, rewarding and sometimes sad, and artistic innovation is not enough. "Xue Kezhai Collection" 20 volumes, "Living in a secluded room" 20 volumes.
Literary ideas of public security schools
(1) opposes inheritance and advocates change. Everyone in the public security school lashed out at the tendency of the former and the latter seven sons to imitate words and eat the ancient times, and they sharply criticized the phenomenon of "plagiarism is common practice and one word is spoken by all" in the literary world. Yuan Zongdao also hit the nail on the head and pointed out that the source of the retro school is "ignorance rather than imitation" (paper). They hold that literature should change with the development of the times. "Generations have ups and downs, but the laws are inconsistent, the poles change, and each is poor and interesting" (Yuan Hongdao's Xiao Xu Shi Xiu), "The world has changed, and literature has also changed; There is no need to copy the ancient times today, but it is also possible "(Yuan Hongdao's" With the River "). Not only the literary content, but also the formal language will change and tend to be popular. This is because "temperament is born, everything spits it, and there must be slang" (Yuan Zhongdao's Preface to Flowers and Snow). So, "why is the ancient high? Why should we be humble today? " They further argued that "all words and expressions are legal" and "the laws of ancient people can be summarized!" (Yuan Hongdao's Preface to the Collection of Xue Taoting) Break through all the barriers that bind creation.
(2) express your spirit, not stick to one pattern. The so-called "soul" is the writer's personality and true feelings, which is close to Li Zhi's "childlike innocence". They think that "what comes from the soul is a true poem", while "it is almost impossible to be safe in nature, and what you do is called a real person" (Yuan Hongdao's Proverbs, Knowing Zhang You), and then emphasize that you won't write unless it comes from your own mind. Therefore, they advocate that "the truth is sincere." If you are not sincere, you can't impress people. You should "say what people say, what people can't say and what people dare not say" (Lei Siwei's Preface to Little Bitang), where bread contains resistance to the gentle and honest poetic tradition of Confucianism. They interpret the creative process as "the spirit is in the heart and stays in the environment." The environment is moved and the heart can bear it; If the heart wants to vomit, it will be transported by the wrist ",while" if the heart captures the environment and transports the heart by the wrist, the spirit will be complete "(Jiang Yingke, My Life Sequence). As long as "the wise men in the world have boundless bosom, the more they look for it, the different they are, the poor they change it, and then between ink and ink, everyone has his true face" (Yuan Zhongdao's Preface to the Complete Works of Mr. Zhong Lang), the innovation of literature can be realized.
(3) Emphasize folk novels and advocate popular literature. Public security schools attach great importance to drawing nutrition from folk literature. Yuan Hongdao once described folk songs such as "Dazaogan" as poems, which made him "broad-minded, broad-minded and magnanimous in his poetry collections". He thought that the poems such as Broken Jade and Jujube Rod sung by women and children at that time were "written by ignorant real people, so there are many true voices" and praised them. This is related to their literary development view and innovative theory, which played a certain role in improving the social status of folk literature and popular literature in that period.
The public security school has made great achievements in liberating the style of writing, such as "Sweeping the King" (biography of Yuan Zhonglang, public security county annals), whose travel notes, letters and essays are also very distinctive, or elegant and fresh, or lively and humorous, and become a family of their own. However, in real life, they passively avoid the world and describe trivial things or natural scenery around them, lacking profound social content, and their creative themes are getting narrower and narrower. Its imitators "blurt out, no longer follow the rules", "for slang, for delicacies, for recklessness", and even "crazy fans, vulgar behavior" (Biography of Qian Shi Hua). Later generations' evaluation of the literary thought of the Gong 'an School is fair and has theoretical significance beyond its creative practice.